The drugs which are used to treat cancer or neoplastic disease is referred as anti cancer drugs.

1. PRESENTEDBY:
SHEEMA MUSTAFA
15S66S0103
M.PHARM 1 YR 2 SEM
GUIDEDBY :
MR. SAFI GOURI
M.PHARM . PHD
DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGY
GUIDEDBY :
MR.
M.PHARM . PHD
DEPT. OF PHARMACOLOGY
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2. 1
•INTRODUCTION
• ORIGIN OF TUMOUR
• TYPES AND NOMENCLATURE
• SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS
2
•ANTI CANCER AGENTS
•CLASSIFICATION
• NEOPLASTIC DISEASE
3
• LUKAEMIA
• TYPES
• SYMPTOMS
• DIAGNOSIS
• TREANTMENT
• DRUGS USED FOR LEUKEAMIA
• CONCLUSION
• REFRENCES
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3. NEOPLASM OR tumour is defined as the growth or mass of abnormal
tissue formed due to excessive , autonomous and uncoordinated cell
proliferation. This phenomenon occurs as a result of loss of control mechanism
of cell and abnormality in chromosomes or mutations in DNA
The term neoplasm means new growth and the process of cell proliferation
is called “neoplasia.”
The branch of medicine which deals with extensive study of neoplasm
(tumour) and its development , diagnosis and treatment is called Oncology
(Greek word oncos = tumour and logy = study ).
Generally the term cancer is used for all malignant tumours.
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4. Generally in all organs and tissue of human beings , balance is maintained
between cell renewal and cell apoptosis (programmed cell death ).
There is a particular life span for all the mature old cells which die, and the new
cells replace the old ones by proliferation and differentiation mechanisms.
This entire process is regulated such that the number of specific type of cell
remain constant without altering other processes.
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6. Tumours are categorized into following two types depending on their invasive nature
and tissue of origin,
1. BENIGN TUMOURS:
EXAMPLES:
(a). Fibroma ( originates from fibrous tissue )
(b). Chondroma ( originates from cartilage
(c). Osteoma originates from osteoblasts of bone
2. MALIGNANAT TUMOURS:
they are categorize are as follows:
(a) SARCOMAS
Example: osteosarcoma
(b). CARCINOMAS
Examples: adenocarcinoma
( c).LYMHOMAS
Example: Hodgkin's (b cell) lymphoma , T cell lymphoma etc.
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11. Anticancer drugs are the drugs which effectively kill the rapidly
dividing cancer cells.
These drugs are antiproliferative and the damage the DNA
resulting in cell death
As these drugs act on rapidly dividing cells, there is a chance
of killing the normal cell also.
This is a major disadvantages resulting in many adverse
effects.
How ever, these adverse effects subside upon cessation of the
chemotherapy.
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19. Leukemia is a cancer of the blood or white blood cells
It begins in the bone marrow , where the blood cells are
produced.
Bone marrow is found in the soft , spongy centre of the
long bones of arms and legs
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20. Seems to develop from a combination of genetic and environmental
factors.
It thought to occur when:
Some blood cells acquire mutations in their DNA.
The instructions inside each cell guide its actions (or) other
changes occur.
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21. RISK FACTORS:
1. SMOKING
2. BENZENE
3.ATOMIC BOMB EXPLOSION
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23. EPIDEMIOLOGY:
It accounts for only about 1% of all cancers
Acute myeloid leukemia ( AML) is more common in
old age where as acute lymphoblastic leukemia
(ALL) is predominantly a childhood cancer which
accounts for about 30% of all cancers in children .
Acute myeloid leukemia is more common type of
acute leukemia.
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24. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Malignant cell population of leukemia's are thought to derived from
single mutant precursor cell.
This type of neoplasm is known as clonal neoplasm.
The normal bone marrow elements get replaced with malignant
population of immature cells of lymphoid origin in acute lymphoblastic
leukemia and of myeloid origin in acute myeloid leukemia these
malignant immature cells are known blast cells leads to progressive
impairment of bone marrow function.
This results in decreased proliferation affects lymphoid cells B and T
lymphocytes) , it affects myeloid cells (granulocytes, monocytes,
erythrocytes and platelets).
The blast may enter into the lymph nodes, spleen and meninges.
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25. SWOLLEN LYMPHNODES
NIGHT SWEAT
WEIGHT LOSS
FEVER
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26. PAINS IN THE BONES AND JOINTS PURPLISH PATCHES ON
SKIN
RED TINY DOTS ON SKIN BLEEDING GUMS
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27. 1. PHYSICAL EXAM
3. BLOOD TESTS
2.BIOPSY
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28. 1. CHEMOTHERAPY 2. TARGETED THERAPY
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31. RADIATION THERAPY
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32. FOR ALL ( Acute lymphoblastic leukemia )
I. Induction(4
weeks)
1.5 mg/m, i.v
once weekly for 4
weeks
40 mg/m, daily
for 4 weeks
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33. 45 mg/m i.v daily for 2
days
2.Intensification
weeks ( 1 week)
100 mg/m i.v twice
daily for 5 days
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34. 80 mg/m oral , daily for
5days
3. CNS
prophylaxis ( 3
week )
Intrathecal , once a
week for 3 weeks
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35. 4. Maintenance
therapy ( 2 yrs )
Methotrexate:
20mg oral once a
week
6-mercaptopurine:
75mg, oral daily
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36. 4. Maintenance
therapy ( 2 yrs )
Prednisolone: 40
mg oral / 5 days
every month
1.5 mg i.v once
every month
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38. • Firstly public education campaigns 30% cancers are
caused
by smoking, excessive drinking, and hazardous
solvents.
• Secondly another 30% of cancers are caused by diet
related
habits. The benefits if eating high fiber foods, fruits
and
vegetables are clear.
• Various research project aimed at identifying the
specific
chemical in these foods which are responsible for this
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39. 1.WWW.MEDICINET.COM
2.TRIPATI
3.CLINICAL PHARMACY AND THERAPEUTICS
4.IMAGES FROM WWW.GOOGLE.COM
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