this work was done by some 2nd year students of menoufia faculty of medicine under supervoision of anatomy staff members

2. •Aisha Ghazy Elbrbry
Nouran Ahmed Aboshosha
•HagarAbdo Eltoukhy
Shimaa Mohamed Swelem
•RedaAli
Hagar Bakr Gomaa
HagerAbdelatyMohamed
ShimaaMohammed AliElnaka
•YasmenaMohammedShehab
Esraa Moustafa Kotb
Supervisors
Team
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3. Outlines:
MENINGES of the brain :-
1. Definition & site
2. Function
 MENINGITIS
1. Definition
2. Causes
3. Clinical picture
4. Types
5. Prognosis & investigation
6. Complication
7. Treatment
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4. The meninges consist 3 layers
Dura mater :Periosteal & Meningeal
Arachnoid mater
Pia mater
• Separated by 2 spaces
 Subdural space:
 Subarachnoid space:
• Blood vessels
• Cranial nerves
• CSF
• Fine network of the reticular fibers
Brain meninges: layer and spaces
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5. The dura
matter
envelops
the venous
sinuses
Protecting the
brain and the
spinal cord.
Providing a
space for the
flow of the
CSFBrain meninges
Brain meninges: function
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7. Acute inflammation of membrane covering the brain and the spinal cord.
The word meningitis is from Greek μῆνιγξ méninx, "membrane" and the medical
suffix -itis, "inflammation
Outbreaks of bacterial meningitis occur between December and June each year in an
area of sub-Saharan Africa known as the meningitis belt. Smaller outbreaks may also
occur in other areas of the world.
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9. Inflammatory
response
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11. Clinical picture
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12. CSF examination pressure
&
appearance
blood test
CBC, blood culture, Na , Cr
, SGPT
CTscan
investigation
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14. Vaccination:
• immunization against Haemophilus influenzae type B
• in routine childhood vaccination schemes.
• immunization against mumps has led to a sharp fall in the number of cases of mumps meningitis,
which prior to vaccination occurred in 15% of all cases of mumps.
• Meningococcus vaccines exist against groups A, B, C, W135 and YACW135Y vaccine is now a visa
requirement for taking part in Hajj.
• Routine vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae with the pneumococcal conjugate
vaccine (PCV), pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine, which covers 23 strains, is only
administered to certain groups (e.g. those who have had a splenectomy, the surgical removal of
the spleen); it does not elicit a significant immune response in all recipients, e.g. small children.
• Childhood vaccination with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin has been reported to significantly reduce the
rate of tuberculous meningitis,
Antibiotics:
• Short-term antibiotic prophylaxis is another method of prevention, particularly of meningococcal
meningitis. In cases of meningococcal meningitis, preventative treatment in close contacts with
prevention
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15. Avoid direct
contact
Washing the
hands
vigorously just
as with cold or
viruses
not sharing the
personal items
where secretion
can lurk such as
(water bottles ,
toothbrush …… ,
etc)
hygiene
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16. General treatment :
I. Isolation hospitalization
II. Careful monitor nursing
III. Prevent complication
IV. Maintain the balance of
fluid & electrolytes
Etiological treatment:
I. Antibacterial activity
II. Antiviral : coticosteroids
III. Fungal :antifungal
medication
Other treatment :
I. High fever : anti pyretic
( physical – chemical)
Increased intracranial
pressure :
20% mannitol
1 2 3
Control
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18. Viral meningitis usually have a good prognosis for recovery
A seizure during an episode of meningitis also is a risk factor for mortality
or neurologic sequwlae
The prognosis is worse for patients at the extremes of age (ie,<2 y ,>60 y )
and with significant comorbidities and underlying immunodeficiency
Patients presenting with an impaired level of consciousness are increased
risk for developing neurologic sequelae or dying
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