Varicose veins are abnormally dilated and twisted veins, most commonly occurring in the legs. They are caused by weakening of the vein walls and valves that do not function properly to direct blood flow back to the heart. The document outlines the anatomy of veins in the lower limbs, causes of varicose veins including heredity and prolonged standing, types of varicose veins, diagnosis through examination and investigations like ultrasound, and treatments including compression and surgery. Prevention methods include exercising legs regularly, maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding tight clothing and high heels, and wearing compression stockings.

2. DesignedDesigned
byby
Aya Ahmed Aya Eladwy
Aya Hamdy Aya Salem
Amina Ehab Amira ElBauomy
Engy Osama Esraa Ibrahim
Prof. Dr. Hanaa Nooh
Dr. Sara Gamal
Dr. Hadeer El Naggar
UndersupervisionUndersupervision
ofof

3.  Anatomy of the veins of lower limb
 Varicose veins
 Definition
 Causes
 Types
 Epidemiology
 Diagnosis
-history & examination
- clinical picture
-investigation
 Treatment
 Prevention
Outlines

4.  Two venous systems are found
in the lower extremity, the deep
and superficial
 The deep system ultimately
leads backs to the inferior vena
cava, then to the heart
 The superficial system is found
above the deep fascia of the
lower extremity, within the
subcutaneous tissue.
 Many superficial veins exist, but
they all drain into the two
largest: the great saphenous
vein (GSV) and the small
saphenous vein (SSV).
Anatomy of the veins of lower limb

5. Anatom
y

6. What is varicose
veins?

7. Definition

8. Pathophysiology

9. Heredity risk?
More commen in female?

10. Causes

11. Reticular type
Spider (Web type(
types

13. History of varicose veins should include
 History of venous insufficiency
 Presence or absence of predisposing he venous history
factors (eg, heredity, trauma to the legs,
occupational prolonged standing, sports participation)
 History of edema
 History of any treatment for venous disease (eg,
medications, injections, surgery, compression)
 History of superficial or deep thrombophlebitis
 History of any other vascular disease (eg, peripheral
arterial disease, coronary artery disease, lymphedema,
lymphangitis)
 Family history of vascular disease of any type
history

14. Clinical
picture

15. investigatio
ns
 AngiogramAngiogram Further assess of
veins
 Inject a special dye into legsInject a special dye into legs
 X rays takenX rays taken
 Gives a better view of blood flowGives a better view of blood flow
 Ultra sound Non invasive testNon invasive test
 Allows to see how blood flowing in
veins
 Uses high frequency sound waves

16. ComplicationsComplications
Ulcers
 As the blood is
not so efficiently
drained from the
skin by defective
varicose veins
small injuries do
not heal well.
Varicose
Eczema
 Again due to
the poor
drainage of
blood from the
legs one of the
readily cured
varicose vein
complications.
Restless
Legs
 People reporting
restless legs with
the inability to
keep themselves
from moving their
legs with
prolonged sitting
or standing .

17. Ankle Swelling
 More severe
varicose veins
can be
associated with
swelling of their
ankles by the
end of the day.
Cramps
it may just represent local
muscle irritability from the
increased waste products
present in the sluggishly
moving blood of varicose
veins.

23. prevention
You can't prevent varicose veins from forming. but you can
prevent getting worse by:
Avoid standing or sitting for long periods without taking a
break.
When sitting, avoid crossing your legs.
Keep your legs raised When you can, above the level of
your heart.
Do physical activities to get your legs moving and improve
muscle tone.

24.  overweight and obese, try to lose weight,This
will improve blood flow and ease the pressure
on your veins.
 Avoid wearing tight clothes, especially those that are
tight around your waist, groin and legs.
 Avoid wearing high heels for long periods.
 Wear compression stockings ,These stockings
create gentle pressure up the leg.