2. THEIR THEORY
Bordwell and Thompson noticed how the shots within films
could link in different way. They identified four different
relations between shots in the editing, they are:
Graphic
Spatial
Temporal
Rhythmic
3. GRAPHIC
This is how the shots link through a common colour, shape,
movement or object. Here are some graphic editing that is used :
Graphic discontinuity: Contrasts in colour and footage type,
movement and stillness, placement/shapes of focus figures.
Graphic continuity: Centre of interest is constant through the cuts,
maintaining the lighting level and avoiding strong colour contrast.
Graphic match: Link between the shots due to graphic matches such
as, shapes, objects and movement.
4. EXAMPLES OF GRAPHIC
EDITING IN MUSIC VIDEOS
In this example from ‘Kill lies’ by reform the resistance, we are shown a
graphic match. The same positions, lighting and facial features are the same
in both shot but the person in the shot has changed.
5. TEMPORAL
Temporal editing concerns the time of the action and contributes to the plots manipulation of story
time’ order, duration and frequency.
The order of presentation of events can be manipulated, this changes the story plot relations which
interrupt ‘temporal order’. Examples of this are flashbacks- this increases story knowledge and flash-
forwards create an enigma.
There are techniques used within temporal editing such as: An ellipsis (taking out certain parts
which are of no interest to the audience), effects (dissolves, wipes and fade signals)theses can show time
changing, ‘Empty frames’ (when a character walks into a frame from another) and lastly a cutaway
(shot of another event elsewhere that does not last as long as the omitted action).
The frequency of events in continuity editing tend to be shown only once.
Repetition can provide a powerful ‘tool’ for building tension and expectation often to show
‘explosive’ action.
6. EXAMPLES OF TEMPORAL
EDITING IN MUSIC VIDEOS
Temporal editing isn’t commonly found in music videos, apart from videos
that have a narrative and story plot. An example I found from ‘payphone’
form Maroon 5 shows the use of temporal editing through a cutaway. This
brief cutaway(the character at the payphone) allows the story plot to
continue in the previous scene (car chase) creating an ellipsis of the un-
needed long car chase scene.
7. SPATIAL
It concerns the space (setting/location) and relation between. Also the
manipulation of different points through similarity, difference and
development. (How to relate to create space)Relative sense of space
through editing.
Continuity editing produces analytical’ space via an establishing shot
(extreme long shot followed by smaller range (mid) shots.)
Crosscutting (parallel editing) can emphasis action taking pace in
separate places. Showing the distance between characters.
8. EXAMPLE OF SPATIAL
EDITING IN MUSIC VIDEOS
This example shows the space between the characters within the
scene in the music video. Using long shots and mid shots, the
audience are able to establish the position and space between the
characters, and recognise the things the characters are looking and
laughing at; the dancers.
9. RHYTHMIC
This involves the editing being in time with the music cutting to the beat.
The rhythm of the scene has a direct impact on the rhythm of the pace of
editing, such as in a trailer the beginning in slow in rhythm but steadily speeds up
until its fast at the end, the editing is in time with this rhythm.
A steady rhythm, will have all the shots with the same approx. same length.
Longer shots give the audience a greater for reflection. Whereas, shorter shots
give the audience no time to think.
10. EXAMPLES OF RHYTHMIC
EDITING IN MUSIC VIDEO
Slow motion is used in these shots, this elongates the
shots making the shots more dramatic and allowing the
audience to reflect on what is happening.
The long shots also sync with the slow beat of the song,
which helps cut of the shots with the rhythm of the
music.
