SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 12
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN 
EDUCATION VERSUS FOREIGN 
EDUCATION 
RAGHVENDRA KUMAR(131206) 
VASANTA TANDRA(131222) 
A.AVINASH(131248) 
SOMYA CHHADHA(131234) 
MANIKEERTH(131236)
AGENDA 
 Executive Summary 
 Scope of this project 
 Analysis done 
 Children Out of School, Primary 
 Expenditure per student (% of GDP Per Capita) 
 School enrollment rate 
 Literacy Rate regression analysis 
 Dropout mining
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT 
The project has been made using secondary data sources from 
the Internet. 
The following data for 2009, 2010 and 2011 has been collected 
 Children out of school, primary, (Male and female) 
 Expenditure per student (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary education) 
 School enrollment 
 Dropout rate from 1991 to 2011 
 Literacy rate and Gap in literacy from 1981 to 2011 
Following analysis has been done 
 Comparison of dropout rates for India, USA and Canada 
 Forecasting of dropout rate for 2014 using the available data 
 Regression Analysis on Literacy rate
CHILDREN OUT OF SCHOOL, PRIMARY 
Primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either 
primary or secondary schools. 
 Male 
 Female
EXPENDITURE PER STUDENT (% OF GDP PER CAPITA) 
PRIMARY: Primary is the total 
public expenditure per student 
in primary education as a 
percentage of GDP per capita. 
SECONDARY: Secondary is the 
total public expenditure per 
student in secondary education 
as a percentage of GDP per 
capita. 
TERTIARY: Tertiary is the total 
public expenditure per student 
in tertiary education as a 
percentage of GDP per capita. 
Note: Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public 
and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other 
privates entities).
SCHOOL ENROLLMENT (% NET) 
It is the ratio of children of the official secondary school age who are 
enrolled in secondary school to the population of the official 
secondary school age.
LITERACY RATE 
Literacy is the ability to read and write one's own name and further for 
knowledge and interest, write coherently, and think critically about the 
written word. 
Literacy Rate = No. of Literate persons x 100 
Total population 
Literacy Rate in India Gap in Literacy Rate (Between Gender)
LITERACY RATE – REGRESSION ANALYSIS 
Population and Literacy rate in India have been directly proportional. 
India’s literacy rate has been growing along with population which is 
a good sign 
SFM_TERM_PAPERcurrent workliteracy rate.xlsx 
Regression Statistics 
Multiple R 0.996455489 
R Square 0.992923542 
Adjusted R Square 0.989385312 
Standard Error 1.384242765 
Observations 4 
ANOVA 
df SS MS F Significance F 
Regression 1 537.7177439 537.7177439 280.6272518 0.003544511 
Residual 2 3.832256066 1.916128033 
Total 3 541.55 
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% 
Intercept 8.571012583 3.068520077 2.793207269 0.107834012 -4.631763703 21.77378887 -4.631763703 21.77378887 
population 6.44798E-08 3.8491E-09 16.75193278 0.003544511 4.79185E-08 8.10411E-08 4.79185E-08 8.10411E-08
DROPOUT FORECASTING 
Drop out means leaving a school or college for practical reasons, 
necessities, or disillusionment with the system 
year count (x) primary (y) x-x' y-y' sq(x-x') (x-x')(y-y') 
1990-00 1 40.3 -5.5 9.2575 30.25 -50.91625 
2000-01 2 40.7 -4.5 9.6575 20.25 -43.45875 
2001-02 3 39 -3.5 7.9575 12.25 -27.85125 
2002-03 4 34.89 -2.5 3.8475 6.25 -9.61875 
2003-04 5 31.47 -1.5 0.4275 2.25 -0.64125 
2004-05 6 29 -0.5 -2.0425 0.25 1.02125 
2005-06 7 25.67 0.5 -5.3725 0.25 -2.68625 
2006-07 8 25.6 1.5 -5.4425 2.25 -8.16375 
2007-08 9 25.09 2.5 -5.9525 6.25 -14.88125 
2008-09 10 24.93 3.5 -6.1125 12.25 -21.39375 
2009-10 11 28.86 4.5 -2.1825 20.25 -9.82125 
2010-11 12 27 5.5 -4.0425 30.25 -22.23375 
mean 6.5 31.0425 sum 143 -210.645 
Forecasting 
Years Dropout rate 
2011 - 12 21.46772727 
2012 - 13 19.99468531 
2013 - 14 18.52164336 
Dropout rate Forecasting
FINDINGS 
 Education system needs reforms as Out of School 
percentage is very high in India. 
 Dropout rate expected to come down from 27% in 2011 to 
18.5% by end of 2014. 
 India’s literacy rate has been growing along with population 
which is a good sign 
 India’s total public expenditure per student in primary 
education is substantially less, while it is exorbitantly high 
for tertiary education 
 Literacy gap between genders has shown a downward 
trend.
CONCLUSION 
 Amidst global economic turbulence, India’s sustenance and 
growth can be catalyzed by increased investment in 
education sector. 
 While literacy rate has increased to 74%, India should 
target improving the graduate rate which is still at 5%. 
 India has made “rapid advances” in cutting down the 
numbers of school drop outs from 41% in 1990 to projected 
18. 5% in 2014.
Thank You

More Related Content

What's hot

Indian education system
Indian education systemIndian education system
Indian education system
Praveen2992
 

What's hot (20)

Indian education system
Indian education systemIndian education system
Indian education system
 
Education System in India
Education System in IndiaEducation System in India
Education System in India
 
Problems in the indian education system
Problems in the indian education systemProblems in the indian education system
Problems in the indian education system
 
Higher education system in india
Higher education system in indiaHigher education system in india
Higher education system in india
 
National Education Policy 2020: An Overview
National Education Policy 2020: An OverviewNational Education Policy 2020: An Overview
National Education Policy 2020: An Overview
 
Globalisation and it's impact on education
Globalisation and it's impact on educationGlobalisation and it's impact on education
Globalisation and it's impact on education
 
The role of private sector in the system assigned by Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
The role of private sector in the system assigned by Dr. Amjad Ali Arain The role of private sector in the system assigned by Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
The role of private sector in the system assigned by Dr. Amjad Ali Arain
 
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
TECHNICAL EDUCATION TECHNICAL EDUCATION
TECHNICAL EDUCATION
 
Education system in india 2018
Education system in india   2018Education system in india   2018
Education system in india 2018
 
Vocational education
Vocational education Vocational education
Vocational education
 
Literacy rate in India
Literacy rate in IndiaLiteracy rate in India
Literacy rate in India
 
Comparison of Educational system of Pakistan and Singapore
Comparison of Educational system of Pakistan and SingaporeComparison of Educational system of Pakistan and Singapore
Comparison of Educational system of Pakistan and Singapore
 
National education policy 2020
National education policy 2020National education policy 2020
National education policy 2020
 
Rusa
RusaRusa
Rusa
 
Making Programed Learning material
Making Programed Learning materialMaking Programed Learning material
Making Programed Learning material
 
RTE 2009.pptx
RTE 2009.pptxRTE 2009.pptx
RTE 2009.pptx
 
Comparison of Education System
Comparison of Education System Comparison of Education System
Comparison of Education System
 
Education system of india
Education system  of indiaEducation system  of india
Education system of india
 
National policy on education
National policy on education National policy on education
National policy on education
 
Quality education
Quality educationQuality education
Quality education
 

Similar to Indian education vs foreign education

Indian education vs foreigh education
Indian education vs foreigh educationIndian education vs foreigh education
Indian education vs foreigh education
Raghvendra Kumar
 
Patrick Gavin Overview State Public Charter School Authority
Patrick Gavin Overview State Public Charter School AuthorityPatrick Gavin Overview State Public Charter School Authority
Patrick Gavin Overview State Public Charter School Authority
Patrick Gavin
 
20151026-Cold-Spots-Report-vF1
20151026-Cold-Spots-Report-vF120151026-Cold-Spots-Report-vF1
20151026-Cold-Spots-Report-vF1
Sarah Bohn
 
New York City Public School Demographics
New York City Public School DemographicsNew York City Public School Demographics
New York City Public School Demographics
Luis Taveras EMBA, MS
 
Assessment and accountability lab
Assessment and accountability labAssessment and accountability lab
Assessment and accountability lab
Cassandra Williams
 

Similar to Indian education vs foreign education (20)

Indian education vs foreigh education
Indian education vs foreigh educationIndian education vs foreigh education
Indian education vs foreigh education
 
Analysis of Rising Tutition Rates in The United States Based on Clustering An...
Analysis of Rising Tutition Rates in The United States Based on Clustering An...Analysis of Rising Tutition Rates in The United States Based on Clustering An...
Analysis of Rising Tutition Rates in The United States Based on Clustering An...
 
ANALYSIS OF RISING TUITION RATES IN THE UNITED STATES BASED ON CLUSTERING ANA...
ANALYSIS OF RISING TUITION RATES IN THE UNITED STATES BASED ON CLUSTERING ANA...ANALYSIS OF RISING TUITION RATES IN THE UNITED STATES BASED ON CLUSTERING ANA...
ANALYSIS OF RISING TUITION RATES IN THE UNITED STATES BASED ON CLUSTERING ANA...
 
Cypher 2017 - Keynote Presentation - Raju Varanasi - Catholic Education Office
Cypher 2017 - Keynote Presentation - Raju Varanasi - Catholic Education OfficeCypher 2017 - Keynote Presentation - Raju Varanasi - Catholic Education Office
Cypher 2017 - Keynote Presentation - Raju Varanasi - Catholic Education Office
 
Education Statistics At A Glance 2016
Education Statistics At A Glance 2016Education Statistics At A Glance 2016
Education Statistics At A Glance 2016
 
ANALYSIS OF TUITION GROWTH RATES BASED ON CLUSTERING AND REGRESSION MODELS
ANALYSIS OF TUITION GROWTH RATES BASED ON CLUSTERING AND REGRESSION MODELSANALYSIS OF TUITION GROWTH RATES BASED ON CLUSTERING AND REGRESSION MODELS
ANALYSIS OF TUITION GROWTH RATES BASED ON CLUSTERING AND REGRESSION MODELS
 
The public sector efficiency in the education department
The public sector efficiency in the education departmentThe public sector efficiency in the education department
The public sector efficiency in the education department
 
Basic Education Reforms and the K to 12 Program in the Philippines
Basic Education Reforms and the K to 12 Program in the PhilippinesBasic Education Reforms and the K to 12 Program in the Philippines
Basic Education Reforms and the K to 12 Program in the Philippines
 
Patrick Gavin Overview State Public Charter School Authority
Patrick Gavin Overview State Public Charter School AuthorityPatrick Gavin Overview State Public Charter School Authority
Patrick Gavin Overview State Public Charter School Authority
 
20151026-Cold-Spots-Report-vF1
20151026-Cold-Spots-Report-vF120151026-Cold-Spots-Report-vF1
20151026-Cold-Spots-Report-vF1
 
An Application of Multivariate Analysis on Socio Economic Indicators in Gujarat
An Application of Multivariate Analysis on Socio Economic Indicators in GujaratAn Application of Multivariate Analysis on Socio Economic Indicators in Gujarat
An Application of Multivariate Analysis on Socio Economic Indicators in Gujarat
 
New York City Public School Demographics
New York City Public School DemographicsNew York City Public School Demographics
New York City Public School Demographics
 
ERS System 20/20 Analysis of Denver Public Schools March, 2017
ERS System 20/20 Analysis of Denver Public Schools March, 2017ERS System 20/20 Analysis of Denver Public Schools March, 2017
ERS System 20/20 Analysis of Denver Public Schools March, 2017
 
Porter 2 a_education2
Porter 2 a_education2Porter 2 a_education2
Porter 2 a_education2
 
Tableau whitepaper
Tableau whitepaperTableau whitepaper
Tableau whitepaper
 
A First Look at Trends and Bright Spots in St. Louis School Performance Post...
A First Look at Trends and Bright Spots in St. Louis School Performance  Post...A First Look at Trends and Bright Spots in St. Louis School Performance  Post...
A First Look at Trends and Bright Spots in St. Louis School Performance Post...
 
Seizing the agenda | Being data-informed and measuring what we value
Seizing the agenda | Being data-informed and measuring what we valueSeizing the agenda | Being data-informed and measuring what we value
Seizing the agenda | Being data-informed and measuring what we value
 
Assessment and accountability lab
Assessment and accountability labAssessment and accountability lab
Assessment and accountability lab
 
Prioritizing English Learners: The Right Partnerships, Strategies and Resourc...
Prioritizing English Learners: The Right Partnerships, Strategies and Resourc...Prioritizing English Learners: The Right Partnerships, Strategies and Resourc...
Prioritizing English Learners: The Right Partnerships, Strategies and Resourc...
 
Primary Education in Andhra Pradesh
Primary Education in Andhra PradeshPrimary Education in Andhra Pradesh
Primary Education in Andhra Pradesh
 

More from Raghvendra Kumar (11)

Imf world bank
Imf world bankImf world bank
Imf world bank
 
PVR Marketing Strategies
PVR Marketing StrategiesPVR Marketing Strategies
PVR Marketing Strategies
 
Marketing strategies of Samsung
Marketing strategies of SamsungMarketing strategies of Samsung
Marketing strategies of Samsung
 
Banking project
Banking projectBanking project
Banking project
 
Footwear retail in India
Footwear retail in IndiaFootwear retail in India
Footwear retail in India
 
Components of annual report
Components of annual reportComponents of annual report
Components of annual report
 
Samsung
SamsungSamsung
Samsung
 
Management issues in msme
Management issues in msmeManagement issues in msme
Management issues in msme
 
Economics term paper
Economics term paperEconomics term paper
Economics term paper
 
Diverstiy in organization
Diverstiy in organizationDiverstiy in organization
Diverstiy in organization
 
Domestic violence
Domestic violenceDomestic violence
Domestic violence
 

Recently uploaded

Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactBeyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
PECB
 
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
fonyou31
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
QucHHunhnh
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
QucHHunhnh
 

Recently uploaded (20)

social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajansocial pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
social pharmacy d-pharm 1st year by Pragati K. Mahajan
 
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global ImpactBeyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
Beyond the EU: DORA and NIS 2 Directive's Global Impact
 
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpinStudent login on Anyboli platform.helpin
Student login on Anyboli platform.helpin
 
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdfHoldier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
Holdier Curriculum Vitae (April 2024).pdf
 
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introductionmicrowave assisted reaction. General introduction
microwave assisted reaction. General introduction
 
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
Mattingly "AI & Prompt Design: Structured Data, Assistants, & RAG"
 
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot GraphZ Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
Z Score,T Score, Percential Rank and Box Plot Graph
 
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdfKey note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
Key note speaker Neum_Admir Softic_ENG.pdf
 
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SDMeasures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
Measures of Dispersion and Variability: Range, QD, AD and SD
 
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
Software Engineering Methodologies (overview)
 
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impactAccessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
Accessible design: Minimum effort, maximum impact
 
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdfWeb & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
Web & Social Media Analytics Previous Year Question Paper.pdf
 
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
Ecosystem Interactions Class Discussion Presentation in Blue Green Lined Styl...
 
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf1029 -  Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
1029 - Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa 10 . pdf
 
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
Presentation by Andreas Schleicher Tackling the School Absenteeism Crisis 30 ...
 
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptxUnit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
Unit-IV- Pharma. Marketing Channels.pptx
 
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy ReformA Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
A Critique of the Proposed National Education Policy Reform
 
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The BasicsIntroduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
Introduction to Nonprofit Accounting: The Basics
 
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdfSanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
Sanyam Choudhary Chemistry practical.pdf
 
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi  6.pdf
1029-Danh muc Sach Giao Khoa khoi 6.pdf
 

Indian education vs foreign education

  • 1. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF INDIAN EDUCATION VERSUS FOREIGN EDUCATION RAGHVENDRA KUMAR(131206) VASANTA TANDRA(131222) A.AVINASH(131248) SOMYA CHHADHA(131234) MANIKEERTH(131236)
  • 2. AGENDA  Executive Summary  Scope of this project  Analysis done  Children Out of School, Primary  Expenditure per student (% of GDP Per Capita)  School enrollment rate  Literacy Rate regression analysis  Dropout mining
  • 3. SCOPE OF THE PROJECT The project has been made using secondary data sources from the Internet. The following data for 2009, 2010 and 2011 has been collected  Children out of school, primary, (Male and female)  Expenditure per student (Primary, Secondary and Tertiary education)  School enrollment  Dropout rate from 1991 to 2011  Literacy rate and Gap in literacy from 1981 to 2011 Following analysis has been done  Comparison of dropout rates for India, USA and Canada  Forecasting of dropout rate for 2014 using the available data  Regression Analysis on Literacy rate
  • 4. CHILDREN OUT OF SCHOOL, PRIMARY Primary-school-age children who are not enrolled in either primary or secondary schools.  Male  Female
  • 5. EXPENDITURE PER STUDENT (% OF GDP PER CAPITA) PRIMARY: Primary is the total public expenditure per student in primary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. SECONDARY: Secondary is the total public expenditure per student in secondary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. TERTIARY: Tertiary is the total public expenditure per student in tertiary education as a percentage of GDP per capita. Note: Public expenditure (current and capital) includes government spending on educational institutions (both public and private), education administration as well as subsidies for private entities (students/households and other privates entities).
  • 6. SCHOOL ENROLLMENT (% NET) It is the ratio of children of the official secondary school age who are enrolled in secondary school to the population of the official secondary school age.
  • 7. LITERACY RATE Literacy is the ability to read and write one's own name and further for knowledge and interest, write coherently, and think critically about the written word. Literacy Rate = No. of Literate persons x 100 Total population Literacy Rate in India Gap in Literacy Rate (Between Gender)
  • 8. LITERACY RATE – REGRESSION ANALYSIS Population and Literacy rate in India have been directly proportional. India’s literacy rate has been growing along with population which is a good sign SFM_TERM_PAPERcurrent workliteracy rate.xlsx Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.996455489 R Square 0.992923542 Adjusted R Square 0.989385312 Standard Error 1.384242765 Observations 4 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 1 537.7177439 537.7177439 280.6272518 0.003544511 Residual 2 3.832256066 1.916128033 Total 3 541.55 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept 8.571012583 3.068520077 2.793207269 0.107834012 -4.631763703 21.77378887 -4.631763703 21.77378887 population 6.44798E-08 3.8491E-09 16.75193278 0.003544511 4.79185E-08 8.10411E-08 4.79185E-08 8.10411E-08
  • 9. DROPOUT FORECASTING Drop out means leaving a school or college for practical reasons, necessities, or disillusionment with the system year count (x) primary (y) x-x' y-y' sq(x-x') (x-x')(y-y') 1990-00 1 40.3 -5.5 9.2575 30.25 -50.91625 2000-01 2 40.7 -4.5 9.6575 20.25 -43.45875 2001-02 3 39 -3.5 7.9575 12.25 -27.85125 2002-03 4 34.89 -2.5 3.8475 6.25 -9.61875 2003-04 5 31.47 -1.5 0.4275 2.25 -0.64125 2004-05 6 29 -0.5 -2.0425 0.25 1.02125 2005-06 7 25.67 0.5 -5.3725 0.25 -2.68625 2006-07 8 25.6 1.5 -5.4425 2.25 -8.16375 2007-08 9 25.09 2.5 -5.9525 6.25 -14.88125 2008-09 10 24.93 3.5 -6.1125 12.25 -21.39375 2009-10 11 28.86 4.5 -2.1825 20.25 -9.82125 2010-11 12 27 5.5 -4.0425 30.25 -22.23375 mean 6.5 31.0425 sum 143 -210.645 Forecasting Years Dropout rate 2011 - 12 21.46772727 2012 - 13 19.99468531 2013 - 14 18.52164336 Dropout rate Forecasting
  • 10. FINDINGS  Education system needs reforms as Out of School percentage is very high in India.  Dropout rate expected to come down from 27% in 2011 to 18.5% by end of 2014.  India’s literacy rate has been growing along with population which is a good sign  India’s total public expenditure per student in primary education is substantially less, while it is exorbitantly high for tertiary education  Literacy gap between genders has shown a downward trend.
  • 11. CONCLUSION  Amidst global economic turbulence, India’s sustenance and growth can be catalyzed by increased investment in education sector.  While literacy rate has increased to 74%, India should target improving the graduate rate which is still at 5%.  India has made “rapid advances” in cutting down the numbers of school drop outs from 41% in 1990 to projected 18. 5% in 2014.

Editor's Notes

  1. Tertiary education, also referred to as third stage, third level, and post-secondary education, is the educational level following the completion of a school providing a secondary education.
  2. i