Introduction to Central Nervous system Pharmacology : Dr Rahul Kunkulol's Power point preparations
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Dr Rahul Kunkulol's Power point preparations
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Introduction to Central Nervous system Pharmacology : Dr Rahul Kunkulol's Power point preparations
- 1. INTRODUCTION TO CNS AND ITS NEUROTRANSMITTERS DR.RAHUL
- 3. Non specific CNS stimulants Act by blocking inhibitory neurotransmission Direct excitation EXAMPLES: Cocaine Alcohol Caffeines Methylxanthines
- 5. Levels of CNS Depression Calming Drowsiness (sedation) Conscious sedation Sleep (hypnosis) Unconsciousness Surgical anesthesia Coma Respiratory collapse Cardiovascular collapse Death
- 7. Topics covered under CNS Sedative Hypnotics Preanaesthetic Medications General Anesthesia Opioid analgesics Anti-parkinsonian agents Antiepileptics Psychopharmacology : Antipsychotics Antidepressants Anti maniac
- 16. Dopamine System There are four major pathways for the dopaminergic system in the brain: I. The Nigro-Stiatal Pathway. II. The Mesolimbic Pathway. III. The Mesocortical Pathway. IV. The Tuberoinfundibular Pathway.
- 17. Catecholamines Tyrosine ⇓ Tyrosine hydroxylase L-Dopa ⇓ Dopa decarboxylase Dopamine (DA) ⇓ Dopamine β hydroxylase Norepinephrine (NE) (Noradrenaline) Phenylethanolamine- ⇓ -N-methyltransferase Epinephrine (EPI) (Adrenaline)
- 19. Dopamine System DOPAMINE RECEPTORS There are at least five subtypes of receptors: Receptor D1 D2 D3 D4 D5
- 24. Neurotransmitter Substance produced in the neuron (synthesized), contained and secreted by that neuron to transmit information to postsynaptic target.
Editor's Notes
- Slide 4: The synapse and synaptic neurotransmission Describe the synapse and the process of chemical neurotransmission. Indicate how vesicles containing a neurotransmitter, such as dopamine (the stars), move toward the presynaptic membrane as an electrical impulse arrives at the terminal. Describe the process of dopamine release (show how the vesicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane). Once inside the synaptic cleft, the dopamine can bind to specific proteins called dopamine receptors (in blue) on the membrane of a neighboring neuron. Introduce the idea that occupation of receptors by neurotransmitters causes various actions in the cell; activation or inhibition of enzymes, entry or exit of certain ions. State that you will describe how this happens in a few moments.
- Slide 6: Dopamine and the production of cyclic AMP Using the close-up view, explain what happens when dopamine binds to its receptor. When dopamine binds to its receptor, another protein called a G-protein (in pink) moves up close to the dopamine receptor. The G-protein signals an enzyme to produce cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) molecules (in green) inside the cell. [Sometimes the signal can decrease production of cAMP, depending on the kind of dopamine receptor and G-protein present.] Point to the dopamine receptor-G-protein/adenylate cyclase complex, and show how cAMP is generated when dopamine binds to its receptor. Indicate that cAMP (point to the cyclic-looking structures) controls many important functions in the cell including the ability of the cell to generate electrical impulses.
- Slide 12: Dopamine binding to receptors and uptake pumps in the nucleus accumbens Explain that cocaine concentrates in areas of the brain that are rich in dopamine synapses. Review dopamine transmission in the nucleus accumbens. Point to dopamine in the synapse and to dopamine bound to dopamine receptors and to uptake pumps on the terminal.