3. Knitting is one of several ways to turn thread or
yarn into cloth. Unlike woven fabric, knitted fabric
consists entirely of horizontal parallel courses of
yarn.
The courses are joined to each other by interlocking
loops in which a short loop of one course of yarn is
wrapped over the bight of another course.
Knitting can be done either by hand, described
below, or by machine. In practice, hand knitting is
usually begun (or "cast on") by forming a base
series of twisted loops
4. Knitting is a process in which one thread is
used to make loops and then newly formed
loops are passed through previously formed
loops and top and bottom loops are joined
with the help of head and feet
10. Stitch Details
loop
Loop insertion through loop
Joining of two loops
Knitted fabric flexibility depends upon loop
structure
Loops have many shapes and types
11. Loop
An extended portion of a regular string
Has no end
It is part of main string
Have balance shape
Is made with the help of any tool which is able
to pull the string from a certain point
12. Loop Insertion
Loop is inserted through an other previously
held loop with the help of needle
Needle should have the ability to hold fresh
loop during insertion period
Needle is responsible to make new loops and
hold the previous sloop
Loop insertion Animation
Knitting Cycle
13. Website address for knitting cycle
exeltor.com/.../index. php?
ss=3&sss=1&stage=3
17. Warp Knitting
In this process yarn sheet is developed (warp
sheet) and then with the help of needles
stitches are formed by insertion new loop into
old loop.
20. Weft Knitting
In weft knitting single yarn is fed to knitting
needles. Needle with the help of cams, sinker
make a new loop and passed it into
previously held loops.
21. Types of Weft Knitting
Circular Knitting and Flat Knitting
22. Circular Knitting Machines
In circular knitting machines needles are fixed on a
cylinder or dial in a circular shape.
There are more than one feeders to feed yarn to
needles at different places.
In most of the cases needle bed (cylinder or dial)
moves while feeders remain stationary.
Diameter of cylinder and dial is fixed but in case of
sock knitting machines it is changeable due to
structure of socks
24. Flat Knitting Machines
In flat knitting machines needles are fixed on
a straight plate. On this machine needle bed
remains stationary while yarn feeding system
called carriage moves from one end to other
end
This machine is used to knit collars, arm
bands and sweaters
29. Double Knit Machine
In double knit machine needles are fixed on
dial as well as on cylinders. There is no
sinkers on this machine.
This machine is used to knit interlock, rib and
double jerseys
31. Double Knit Fabric
Interlock--- Two sides are fully knitted, highly flexible
used for under garments. Front and back wales are
exactly at same point
Rib--- two sides are fully knitted. Less flexible but
have strong grip, used for neck, cuff opening and
waist band. Front and back wales are not at same
point
Double Jersey
Double side knitted, can have different designs on
both sides
35. Types of Single Knitting Machines
Plain knitting
Loop knitting
36. Single Knit Plain Knitting
Machines
Mostly called jersey machines. On this
machines, there is a set of needles and
sinkers. These machines may be single track
of multi track. From one track to six track
machines are available.
These machine can knit jersey, pique, honey
comb, mini jacquard
38. Single Track Single Knit
Track means number of cams vertically fitted
In single track machine there is only one track
This machine can knit only full knit fabric
(single jersey)
39. Multi Track Knitting Machine
In this machine there are 2-6 tracks
More number of tracks means that variety of
designs can be produced
On these machine many types of fabric can
be produced, like, pique, pique fleece, two
thread fleece and mini jacquard
40.
41. Loop Knitting Machines
In these machines we can make loop on one
or on both sides of fabric.
By introducing loops we can increase the
weight and bulkiness of fabric
43. Terry Fabric
This fabric has loops on the surface, like
towel but the length of loops is smaller than
towels. Normally used to make shirts of kids
or for people working under high temperature
to absorb the moisture
48. Three Thread Knitting Machine
This machine is used to produce fleece fabric. This
fabric is plain from one side. Mostly front side is of
single jersey and on back loop is inserted across
various number of wales (normally two to three wales
are covered).
Back side is brushed with the help of raising machine
to make it more comfortable and bulky as well as
warm
Two types of threads are used; fine for the top and
course for back ( 30/16, 28/12 etc)
51. Striper
In stripe knitting machines we can produce
horizontal stripes with the help of scissors
which cuts the yarn and a new yarn is fed
There are two types of:
Mechanical
Electronic
Note: in current era there is no fresh
production of mechanical strip machines
53. Jacquard Knitting Machines
These machine are available in single and
double knit technology
Normally more than one colored yarns are
used.
Different patterns are made
Normally 4-6 color machines are available
54.
55. All types of machines can be converted into
jacquard machines
59. Full Garment Flat Knitting Machines
These are latest machines and are used to
make full length of garment
Quite expensive
Not in Pakistan
Required in countries where labour is
expensive
64. Types of Flat Knitting
Raschel, made with latch needles,
Tricot, using bearded needles.
65. Warp-Knitting
When producing warp-knits, a yarn sheet is
linked by stitches in longitudinal direction.
Thus, each individual thread in the sheet
(warp) forms a wale.
67. Working Principle
Warp sheet
Loops development with the help of needles
Loops insertion with the help of needles
Needle movement controls mechanically and
electronically
68. Properties of Warp Knitted Fabric
More stable than knitted
Big and small holes are possible
Many designs are possible
Highly course yarn can be used
Technical fabric can be produced
69. Use of Warp Knitted Fabric
Use to fulfill technical demands, like, filters,
seat covers etc
Used as curtains, table covers
Used as Chadar in Pakistan
Not used for clothing
70. Warp Knitting Industry in
Pakistan
Very small number of mills, mainly in
Gujranwala
One or two in Lahore