17.
Released from small-intestinal endocrine
cells postprandially
Reach the beta cells through the bloodstream
▪ Increase the sensitivity of islet cells to glucose
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24.
Raises levels of cAMP
Activates cAMP-dependent protein kinase A
▪ Amplify the Ca2+ signal by decreasing Ca2+ uptake by
cellular stores
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25.
Stimulates insulin secretion when glucose
levels are elevated
Decreases glucagon-stimulated hepatic
glucose production
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26.
Amplify the glucose-induced release of
insulin from the beta-cell
Stimulate insulin release in the absence of
glucose
Most potent
Arginine
Lysine
Leucine
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27.
Amino acid metabolism and ATP
generation
Elevated beta-cell Ca2+ concentrations
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31.
Suppresses the secretion of insulin
Stimulation of alpha2 adrenergic receptors and
inhibition of insulin secretion
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
▪
Hypoxia
Hypoglycemia
Exercise
Hypothermia
Surgery
Severe burns
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32.
Alpha 2
Increase basal concentrations of insulin
Beta2
Decrease basal concentrations of insulin
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