GeoPackage, Context and POI formats overview

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copyright © 2014 Open Geospatial Consortium
GeoPackage, Context and POI, oh my!
(and a sprinkle of GeoJSON)
new universal geodata formats
Raj Singh, PhD
Open Geospatial Consortium
rsingh@myogc.org

OGC
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Why this presentation?
• Good time to survey the field of generic formats
• Great new options for sharing geodata
– GeoPackage: great balance of simplicity and performance
– POI: strong focus on hyperlinks/web connectedness
– GeoJSON: only JSON game in town
• So let’s get started…

OGC
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GEOPACKAGE

OGC
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Why GeoPackage?
Shapefiles, as a format, are dinosaurs
web services don’t work without internet access
internet sucks power from a mobile device

OGC
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Overview
• A GeoPackage is a platform-independent SQLite database file
• A GeoPackage may contain
– Data in any geographic or projected CRS using any Datum
– Vector Feature User Data Tables
• GP BLOB Geometry Binary Format containing WKB Geometries
• Linear 2D Geometries with optional elevation and measure values
– Tile Matrix Pyramid User Data Tables
• PNG and JPEG Tiles
• Zoom times two (adjacent zoom level pixel sizes)
• First open source implementation
– https://bitbucket.org/luciad/libgpkg
– A SQLite 3 extension that provides a minimal implementation
– distributed under the Apache Software License version 2.0

OGC
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GeoPackage Tables for Features
• defines spatial reference systems
gpkg_spatial_ref_sys
• identifies user data tables
gpkg_contents
• ids feature geometries
gpkg_geometry_columns
• contain feature data
user_data_feature_tables

OGC
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GeoPackage Tables for Tiles
• defines spatial reference systems
• identifies user data tables
gpkg_contents
• tile pyramid envelope
gpkg_tile_matrix_set
• describes tile zoom levels
gpkg_tile_matrix
• contain tile pyramids
user_data_tiles_tables

OGC
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SQLite command line example
• rajsingh$ gpkg World.gpkg
SQLite version 3.8.1 2013-10-17 12:57:35
libgpkg version 0.9.7
Enter ".help" for instructions
Enter SQL statements terminated with a ";"
• GeoPackage> .tables
gpkg_contents gpkg_tile_matrix_metadata
gpkg_data_columns rtree_world_shape
gpkg_extensions rtree_world_shape_node
gpkg_geometry_columns rtree_world_shape_parent
gpkg_metadata rtree_world_shape_rowid
gpkg_metadata_reference world
• GeoPackage> .schema world
CREATE TABLE "world" ( "COUNTRY" TEXT, "CAPITAL" TEXT, "POP_1994" INT, "POP_GRW_RT" DOUBLE, "POP_MALE"
INT, "POP_FEM" INT, "POP_0_14" INT, "POP_15_64" INT, "POP_65PLUS" INT, "MALE_0_14" INT, "MALE_15_64"
INT, "65PLUS" INT, "FEM_0_14" INT, "FEM_15_64" INT, "FEM_65PLUS" INT, "POP_URBAN" INT, "POP_RURAL"
INT, "URB_MALE" INT, "URB_FEM" INT, "RUR_MALE" INT, "RUR_FEM" INT, "ARABLE_PCT" DOUBLE, "LITERACY"
DOUBLE, "RATE" DOUBLE, "RATE0" DOUBLE, "GROWTH" DOUBLE, "CONTINENT" TEXT, "_id" INTEGER PRIMARY KEY
AUTOINCREMENT , "shape" GeometryCollection);
• GeoPackage> select country,capital from world limit 3;
Afghanistan|Kabul
Albania|Tirane
Algeria|Algiers

OGC
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Luciad GeoPackage use cases
OGC OWS-9 Aviation
Spot reporting with
location and camera
picture info
Access elevation
data to enable
visibility calculations
Create and edit
annotations in the field

OGC
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OGC WEB CONTEXT

OGC
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Sharing a map
Multiple
overlaid
maps
Borders
Elevation Cloud Cover
Cities

OGC
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Sharing a map
Borders
Elevation Cloud Cover
Cities

OGC
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Anatomy of a Context document
• A context document extends the Atom XML
format (or in the future JSON).
• It contains Atom <entries> which have
OGC <offering>s.
• Offerings are data sources. They may be
either services (and particularly OGC
services like WMS, WFS, WMTS and
WCS) or file-based data sets, like GML,
KML and PDF.
• File-based data sets may be specified by
reference with a URL, or included inline.
• OGC service offerings contain a
GetCapabilites request and a request to get
data, such as GetMap, GetTiles,
GetFeature, etc.
• Offerings do not have to be spatial, so
clients implementing Context should handle
non-spatial offerings in a way other than
mapping them.

OGC
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Use Cases to date…
• Common Operating Picture
• Describing contents of a GeoPackage
• Describing a GeoPackaging WPS request
• Imagery annotation

OGC
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POINTS OF INTEREST IN OGC

OGC
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POI work advances on 2 fronts
• Points of Interest Standards Working Group
– just chartered
– seeks to ratify POI data encoding standards for XML and JSON
– picks up dormant W3C work
– all work is public at https://github.com/opengeospatial/poi
• OpenPOIs registry
– an implementation of the POI draft standard
– living laboratory to experiment with
• linked geodata
• persistent services
• distributed geosynchronization

OGC
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What is OpenPOIs?
A registry of all the places in the world,
and links to all of their web resources

OGC
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What is OpenPOIs?
APIs to get the
information as maps,
XML, JSON, or RDF
http://openpois.net

OGC
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the Open-ness in OpenPOIs
• open data: only POI repositories with compatible open
data policies have been indexed by OpenPOIs
• open API: anyone is free to use the read API, and a write
API is being built for any authenticated user to freely add
information
• open code: built on PostGIS, Mapserver and custom PHP.

OGC
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the OpenPOIs database
• reference implementation of the POI format
• free and open, always
• provides a Rosetta Stone for all POIs, any time,
anywhere
• includes
– OpenStreetMap
– NGA, USGS, GeoNames
– dbPedia
– China Historical GIS
– Futouring
• future work
– freebase, governments, historians
– self-service synchronization

OGC
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Descriptive Properties
• location: geography specifier
• label: name
• description: narrative text
• category: tags, keywords, etc.
• link: related items
• time: when the POI exists in the world

OGC
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Location Properties
• point,
line,
or polygon
• GML 3.3 ―compact encoding‖ -- simple!
• coordinate reference system (with lat/lon default)
• and/or address
• and/or spatial relationship to another POI
<Point>
<posList>42.358 -71.06</posList>
</Point>
<LineString>
<posList>42.358 -71.06 42.375 -71.093...</posList>
</LineString>
<SimplePolygon>
<posList>42.358 -71.06 42.375 -71.093...</posList>
</SimplePolygon>

OGC
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Descriptive Property: category
<category term="722110" scheme="http://www.census.gov/naics/2007/" type="text/html"
href="http://www.census.gov/econ/industry/def/d722110.htm">Full-service restaurants</category>
<category term="rating:food" scheme="http://www.example.com/category/ratings"
href="http://www.example.com/ratings/food#extraordinary_to_perfection">27</category>
<category term="cuisine" scheme="http://www.example.com/category/cuisines"
href="http://www.example.com/ratings/cuisines">Deli</category>
• category
• term: the unique identifier – aka tag (mandatory)
• scheme: URI identifier for the term’s definition. may be resolvable
(optional)
• value: human-readable description (optional)
• href: URL to full definition. always resolvable (optional)
• type: MIME type of the href (optional)
• XML examples:

OGC
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Descriptive Property: link
• link
• term: relationship of link to the POI (mandatory)
• href: URL for linked content (mandatory)
• type: MIME type of href (mandatory)
• value: human-readable description (optional)
• author: basic attribution (optional)
• XML examples:
<link term="related" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faneuil_Hall" type="text/html"/>
<link term="related" href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/freedomtrail/faneuilhall.asp"
type="text/html"/>
<link term="related" href="http://www.thefreedomtrail.org/visitor/faneuil-hall.html"
type="text/html"/>
<link term="related" href="http://www.faneuilhallmarketplace.com/" type="text/html"/>
<link term="image‖
href="http://www.cityofboston.gov/Images_Documents/Bright_Fan_Hall_tcm3-2661.gif"
type="image/gif"/>
<link term="related" href="http://hdl.loc.gov/loc.award/mhsalad.130006">
<value>Faneuil Hall, exterior: perspective view, Boston, MA</value>
<author term="LOC" href="http://www.loc.gov" type="text/plain">
<value>Library of Congress</value>
</author>
</link>

OGC
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Data Management Properties (metadata)
• id: unique identifier for the POI in the publisher’s system
• created/updated/deleted: applies to the POI record (not the
actual place in the world—time property covers that)
• license: use restrictions, e.g. copyright

OGC
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Basic Example: City of Boston, MA USA
<poi id="http://www.rajsingh.org/pois/45343489" created="2004-01-22T09:38:21-05:00‖>
<author href="http://www.rajsingh.org/me.rdf" type="application/rdf+xml"/>
<license href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/" type="text/html" term="CC BY 3.0"/>
<label term=‖primary‖>Boston</label>
<description updated="2011-10-21T22:10:00+12:00">
<value>Boston is the capital of and largest city in Massachusetts, and is one of the oldest
cities in the United States. Boston is regarded as the unofficial "Capital of New England"
for its economic and cultural impact on the entire New England region.</value>
<author id="http://en.wikipedia.org" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" type="text/plain">
<value>Wikipedia</value>
</author>
</description>
<category term="city" scheme="http://www.usgs.gov/placetypes"type="text/html‖>
<value>seat of a first-order administrative division</value>
</category>
<time term="start" type="text/datetime‖>16300917</time>
<link term="canonical" href="http://www.rajsingh.org/pois/45343489.xml"
scheme="http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xml" type="text/xml"/>
<link term="related" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston" type="text/html"
scheme="http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xml"/>
<link term=‖map" href="http://www.geonames.org/maps/google_42.358_-71.06.html" type="text/html"
scheme="http://www.iana.org/assignments/link-relations/link-relations.xml"/>
<location>
<point term="centroid">
<Point srsName="http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/EPSG/0/4326">
<posList>42.358 -71.06</posList>
</Point>
</point>
</location>
</poi>

OGC
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OpenPOIs API
query by… example…
ID http://openpois.net/poiquery.php?id=f0aa9f2f-c091-4dc2-9282-3a5dbbec8314
RESTful ID http://openpois.net/pois/f0aa9f2f-c091-4dc2-9282-3a5dbbec8314
radius/point http://openpois.net/poiquery.php?lat=42.349433712876&lon=-
71.040894451933&maxfeatures=9&format=application/xml
bounding box http://openpois.net/poiquery.php?bbox=-71.10,42.35,-
71.00,42.45&maxfeatures=20&format=application/json
Time and
area
http://openpois.net/poiquery.php?lat=25.959&lon=119.519&maxfeatures=1&format=xml&ra
dius=1000&start=944
WFS http://openpois.net/openpoiwfs?request=GetCapabilities&service=WFS&version=1.1.0
http://openpois.net/api.php

OGC
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impacts
• more geospatial open data
• domains that benefit from an open POI db
– disaster management
– public health
– resource management
– climate science
• Better geospatial standards in
– "RESTful" APIs
– RDF, linked data and the Semantic Web

OGC
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What should you do with the POI format?
1. have unique IDs for all your POIs
2. provide a public URL:
• to get at every POI in W3C POI format
• at least an ID and name please
3. adopt the link part of the data model
• to maintain references to related POIs
• add links to that public POI URL
4. be part of OpenPOI DB
• work with me to link and sync to your POIs!

OGC
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GEOJSON

OGC
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Why GeoJSON?
• only well-defined generic JSON model for geodata
• a lot like GML Simple Features
• Not and OGC standard, but strong OGC member interest
• lots of uptake

OGC
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GeoJSON example
{
"type":"Feature",
"properties": {
"id":"aabbaa",
"name":"Ark"
},
"geometry": {
"type":"Polygon",
"coordinates":[
[ [76.078122854233,30.96094250679],[41.624997854233,34.47656750679],[52.874997854233,33.07031750679],
[63.421872854233,40.10156750679],[76.078122854233,30.96094250679] ]
]
},
"crs": {
"type":"name",
"properties": { "name":"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84" }
}
}

OGC
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Where is GeoJSON in OGC?
• being ―murmered about‖
• tried out as a lightweight exchange format in Testbed 10
geosynchronization experiment

OGC
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References & Contacts
• GeoPackage
– http://geopackage.org
• OWS Context
– https://github.com/opengeospatial/owc-swg (private for now)
– http://owscontext.org (coming soon)
• POIs
– OpenPOIs Repository http://openpois.net
– OGC POI Standards Working Group:
http://www.opengeospatial.org/projects/groups/poiswg
• GeoJSON
– http://www.geojson.org/geojson-spec.html

GeoPackage, Context and POI formats overview

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