This document discusses using nanotechnology for cancer treatment. It describes how nanoparticles can target cancer cells due to their rapid growth and nutrient intake. Experiments showed that mice with human prostate tumors treated with nanoparticles targeted to cancer cells had a 100% survival rate, compared to 57% for untargeted nanoparticles and 14% for chemotherapy alone. Challenges include developing biocompatible nanoparticles that can target cancer cells without side effects. Future applications could include human trials in the next few years and managing cancer as a chronic disease in 15-20 years.

1. CANCER TREATMENT USING
NANOTECHNOLOGY
PRESENTATION BY
G.RAMYA

2. MOTIVATION
 Ineffectiveness of many cancer treatments
 Numerous side effects
 Difficulties in early cancer treatment
 No Immunization

3. WHAT IS NANOTECHNOLOGY
Nanotechnology refers to the interactions of
cellular and molecular components and
engineered materials at the most elemental level
of biology.This presentation emphasizes on the
effective utilization of Nanotechnology in the
treatment of cancer.

4. PROPERTIESOFCANCERCELLS
 Cancer cells divide more rapidly than healthy
cells
 When cells divide at an accelerated rate they
form a mass of tissue called tumor.
 Their rapid rate of growth causes them to
intake an abnormal amount of nutrients (i.e.,
folic acid)
 Nanoparticles can be used to target bio-
markers or antigens that are highly specific to
Cancer cells

5. Nanoparticles Are
Small Enough to Enter Cells
Cell
White
blood
cell
Water
molecul
e
Nanodevices
Nanoparticles
-Most animal cells are 10,000 to
20,000 nanometers in diameter.
 Nano scale devices (less than
100 nanometers) can enter cells
and the organelles inside them to
interact with DNA and proteins.
Tools developed through
nanotechnology may be able to
detect disease in a very small
amount of cells or tissue.They
may also be able to enter and
monitor cells within a living body.

6. CANCER DETECTION USING NANO
DEVICES
 There are two basic approaches for creating
nanodevices. Scientists refer to these methods
as:
 The top-down approach
 The bottom-up approach
 The top-down approach involves molding or
etching materials into smaller components
 The bottom-up approach involves assembling
structures atom- by-atom or molecule-by-
molecule, and may prove useful in
manufacturing devices used in medicine

7. Nanodevices Can Improve
Sensitivity

8. Nanodevices consists of sensors, transceivers,
motors and a processor which are made up of
biodegradable compounds. As nanodevice can
detect molecular changes in the cell it can be
useful in targeting specific tumor cells.
Nanodevices which are useful in cancer treatment
are as follows
• Cantilevers
• Nano tubes
• Quantum Dots
• Nano shells
NANODEVICE

9. Cantilevers
 These tiny levers may bind to altered DNA sequences or
proteins that are present in certain types of cancer.When
these molecules bind to the cantilevers, surface tension
changes, causing the cantilevers to bend. By monitoring the
bending of the cantilevers, scientists can tell whether
molecules are present.
 Scientists hope this property will prove effective when
cancer-associated molecules are present--even in very low
concentrations--making cantilevers a potential tool for
detecting cancer in its early stages.

10. Cantilevers Can Make Cancer
Tests Faster and More Efficient

11. Nanotubes
The nanotube creates a map showing the shape of the DNA molecule,
including the tags identifying important mutations.
Since the location of mutations can influence the effects they have on a cell,
these techniques will be important in predicting disease.

12. Quantum Dots
Another minuscule molecule that will be used to detect cancer is a
quantum dot. Quantum dots are tiny crystals that glow when they are
stimulated by ultraviolet light.

13. Quantum Dots Can Find Cancer
Signatures

14. Nanoshells as Cancer Therapy
 Researchers can already link nanoshells to antibodies that recognize
cancer cells.
 In laboratory cultures, the heat generated by the light-absorbing
nanoshells has successfully killed tumor cells while leaving
neighboring cells intact.

16. EXPERIMENT ON MICE BEARING
HUMAN PROSTATE TUMORS
After approximately 3 months
 100% of the mice treated with the targeted
nanoparticles survived
 57% of the mice treated with untargeted
nanoparticles survived
 14% of the mice with Docetaxel alone survived
 Amount of weight loss and white blood cell
count confirmed far lower toxicity for the
targeted nanoparticles

17. EXPERIMENTAL RESULT

18. COMPARISON

19. HOW NANO DEVICE ESCAPES FROM IMMUNE
SYSTEM?
Generally our immune system attacks all the foreign
particles entering any part of our body. The problem has
been that such nano particles are similar in size to
viruses and bacteria, and the body has developed very
efficient mechanisms to deal with these invaders. It is
known that bacteria with hydrophilic surfaces can avoid
being destroyed by immune system and remain circulating in
the body for longer periods. To emulate this effect, our
nano device can be coated with a polymer such
as polyethylene glycol (PEG),
Which is proved after the research.

20. POTENTIALS
 Low effect to the body (compare with Chemotherapy,
RadiationTherapy…)
 Nanotechnology may also be useful for developing ways to
eradicate cancer cells without harming healthy, neighboring cells
 Scientists hope to use nanotechnology to create therapeutic
agents that target specific cells and deliver their toxin in a
controlled, time-released manner

21. CHALLENGES
 Cancer targeting is highly dependent on surface
chemistry. Not just any nano particle will work.
 The need for biocompatible and stable nano
particles
 Unknown Side-effects and toxicity
 No human trials have been performed yet and
human trials are still at least a few years away.

22. FUTURE
 Human clinical trials within the next 2 -3 years.
 Safe, consistent and more specific nano particle
production.
 Turning cancer into a chronic, but manageable
disease within the next 15-20 years.

23. References
 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S147020
4506707938
 http://triplehelixblog.com/2011/09/nanorobots-novel-
technology-for-cancer-therapy/
 http://www.nanotec.or.th/en/?p=3667
 http://cancer.gov/cancertopics/understand
 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alternativecancertreatmentsingcan
cer