Neurotechnology with Computing Systems

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A Seminar Report
on
NEUROTECHNOLOGY
WITH COMPUTING
SYSTEMS
Submitted by
D.RAVI KRISHNA TEJA
151FA04080
(ACCREDITED BY NAAC WITH "A" GRADE)
MHRD NIRF 88RANK
DEPARTMENT OF
COMPUTER SCIENCE & ENGINEERING
VFSTR UNIVERSITY, VADLAMUDI
GUNTUR-522213, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA.
2017

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CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that the seminar report entitled “NEUROTECHNOLOGY WITH
COMPUTING SYSTEMS” that is being submitted by D.RAVI KRISHNA TEJA bearing
Regd. No. 151FA04080 in partial fulfilment for the award of III year I semester B.Tech degree in
Computer Science and Engineering to Vignan’s Foundation for Science Technology and Research
University, is a record of bonafide work carried out by them under the internal guidance of
Ms.A,SARANYA of CSE Department.
Signature of the faculty guide Signature of Head of the Department
Ms.A.SARANYA Dr.D.VENKATESULU
Asst. Professor Professor & HoD

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
S.NO TOPICS PAGE.NO
1 INTRODUCTION 4
2 NEURONS 6
3 NEUROTECHNOLOGY 8
4 NEUROTECHNOLOGY WITH
COMPUTING SYSTEMS
10
5 ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS 12
6 CONCLUSION 15
7 REFERENCES 16

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CHAPTER - 1
INTRODUCTION
The term Neurotechnology is defined in various ways, depending on the perspective of the
writer. Generally speaking, Neurotechnology could be seen as any artificial means to interact with
the workings of the brain. This version includes pharmacological adjustment of the activity of the
brain, for example drugs treating Parkinson's Disease or senile dementia, or alcohol and nicotine,
if one wants to stretch it. In a more technically inclined definition, we would see Neurotechnology.
Technical and computational tools that measure and analyse chemical and electrical signals
in the nervous system, be it the brain or nerves in the limbs. These may be used to identify the
properties of nervous activity, understand how the brain works, diagnose pathological conditions,
or control external devices (neuroprostheses, 'brain machine interfaces')
Technical tools to interact with the nervous system to change its activity, for example to
restore sensory input such as with cochlea implants to restore hearing or deep brain stimulation to
stop tremor and treat other pathological conditions.
Neurotechnology is any technology that has a fundamental influence on how people
understand the brain and various aspects of consciousness, thought, and higher order activities in
the brain.
Practical applications include sniffing out volatile chemicals and explosives in airports
Nigerian neuroscientist Oshiorenoya Agabi have found a way to solve one of life’s puzzling
dilemmas: how to make air travel pleasant again.
What if you could skip tedious airport security lines, while a special device able to sniff
out explosives works silently in the background?
This is only one of the possible uses of what Mr. Agabi says is the world’s first
neurotechnology device developed byhis Silicon Valley-based start-up Koniku. The device was
unveiled at the TEDGlobal conference in Tanzania on Sunday.

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While those in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) are working furiously to create
machines that can mimic the brain, or — like tech entrepreneur Elon Musk — implant computers
in our brains, Mr. Agabi has found a way to merge lab-grown neurons with electronic circuitry.
As many grapple with the finite processing power of silicon, the 38-year-old said he had
looked to the brain which is “the most powerful processor the universe has ever seen”.
To simulate the power of just 204 brain neurons would require a supercomputer, he said.
“Instead of copying a neuron, why not just take the biological cell itself and use it as it is?
That thought is radical. The consequence of this is mind-boggling,” he said.
So he and a team of geneticists, physicists, bio-engineers, molecular biologists and others
set about doing just that, focusing on the problems that were particularly hard for silicon devices
to solve.
This includes detecting volatile chemicals and explosives or even illnesses such as cancer.

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CHAPTER 2
NEURONS
The neuron is the basic working unit of the brain, a specialized cell designed to transmit
information to other nerve cells, muscle, or gland cells.
Neurons are cells within the nervous system that transmit information to other nerve cells,
muscle, or gland cells.
Fig.2.1.Structure of neuron Fig.2.2.Locating Neurons
There are several types of specialized neurons. Sensory neurons respond to stimuli such as
touch, sound or light and all other stimuli affecting the cells of the sensory organs that then send
signals to the spinal cord and brain. Motor neurons receive signals from the brain and spinal cord
to cause muscle contractions and affect glandular outputs. Interneurons connect neurons to other
neurons within the same region of the brain, or spinal cord in neural networks.
A typical neuron consists of a cell body (soma), dendrites, and an axon. The term neurite is
used to describe either a dendrite or an axon, particularly in its undifferentiated stage. Dendrites
are thin structures that arise from the cell body, often extending for hundreds of micrometers and
branching multiple times, giving rise to a complex "dendritic tree". An axon (also called a nerve

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fibre when myelinated) is a special cellular extension (process) that arises from the cell body at a
site called the axon hillock and travels for a distance, as far as 1 meter in humans or even more in
other species.
Fig.2.3.Dendrites,Axon,Soma
Nerve fibres are often bundled into fascicles, and in the peripheral nervous system, bundles
of fascicles make up nerves (like strands of wire make up cables). The cell body of a neuron
frequently gives rise to multiple dendrites, but never to more than one axon, although the axon
may branch hundreds of times before it terminates. At the majority of synapses, signals are sent
from the axon of one neuron to a dendrite of another.

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CHAPTER 3
NEUROTECHNOLOGY
Neurotechnology is any technology that has a fundamental influence on how people
understand the brain and various aspects of consciousness, thought, and higher order activities in
the brain.
The field of neurotechnology has been around for nearly half a century but has only reached
maturity in the last twenty years. The advent of brain imaging revolutionized the field, allowing
researchers to directly monitor the brain's activities during experiments. Neurotechnology has
made significant impact on society, though its presence is so commonplace that many do not
realize its ubiquity. From pharmaceutical drugs to brain scanning, neurotechnology affects nearly
all industrialized people either directly or indirectly, be it from drugs for depression, sleep, ADD,
or anti-neurotics to cancer scanning, stroke rehabilitation, and much more.
As the field's depth increases it will potentially allow society to control and harness more
of what the brain does and how it influences lifestyles and personalities. Commonplace
technologies already attempt to do this; games like Brainage, and programs like Fast Forword that
aim to improve brain function, are neurotechnologies.
Fig.3.1.Imaging of Brain

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Currently, modern science can image nearly all aspects of the brain as well as control a
degree of the function of the brain. It can help control depression, over-activation, sleep
deprivation, and many other conditions. Therapeutically it can help improve stroke victims' motor
coordination, improve brain function, reduce epileptic episodes (see epilepsy), improve patients
with degenerative motor diseases (Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ALS), and can even
help alleviate phantom pain perception. Advances in the field promise many new enhancements
and rehabilitation methods for patients suffering from neurological problems. The
neurotechnology revolution has given rise to the Decade of the Mind initiative, which was started
in 2007.
It also offers the possibility of revealing the mechanisms by
which mind and consciousness emerge from the brain.
Fig.3.2.Revolution due to Neuro-technology

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CHAPTER 4
NEUROTECHNOLOGY WITH COMPUTING SYSTEMS
Practical applications include sniffing out volatile chemicals and explosives in airports
Nigerian neuroscientist Oshiorenoya Agabi have found a way to solve one of life’s puzzling
dilemmas: how to make air travel pleasant again.
Fig.4.1.Robo to sense as humans
What if you could skip tedious airport security lines, while a special device able to sniff
out explosives works silently in the background?
This is only one of the possible uses of what Mr. Agabi says is the world’s first
neurotechnology device developed byhis Silicon Valley-based start-up Koniku. The device was
unveiled at the TEDGlobal conference in Tanzania on Sunday.
While those in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) are working furiously to create
machines that can mimic the brain, or — like tech entrepreneur Elon Musk — implant computers
in our brains, Mr. Agabi has found a way to merge lab-grown neurons with electronic circuitry.
As many grapple with the finite processing power of silicon, the 38-year-old said he had
looked to the brain which is “the most powerful processor the universe has ever seen”.To simulate
the power of just 204 brain neurons would require a supercomputer, he said.“Instead of copying a

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neuron, why not just take the biological cell itself and use it as it is? That thought is radical. The
consequence of this is mind-boggling,” he said.
So he and a team of geneticists, physicists, bio-engineers, molecular biologists and others
set about doing just that, focusing on the problems that were particularly hard for silicon devices
to solve.
This includes detecting volatile chemicals and explosives or even illnesses such as cancer.

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CHAPTER 5
ALGORITHMS AND APPLICATIONS
Neurotechnology provides algorithms and software development products for biometric
fingerprint, face, iris, voice and palm print recognition, computer-based vision and object
recognition to security companies, system integrators and hardware manufacturers. More than
3,000 system integrators and sensor providers in more than 100 countries license and integrate
company's technology into their own products.
With millions of customer installations worldwide, Neurotechnology's products are used
for both civil and forensic applications, including border crossings, criminal investigations,
systems for voter registration, verification and duplication checking, passport issuance and other
national-scale projects.
Fig.5.1.Application using neurotechnology
Drawing from years of academic research in the fields of neuro informatics, image
processing and pattern recognition, Neurotechnology was founded in 1990 in Vilnius, Lithuania
under the name Neurotechnologija and released its first fingerprint identification system in 1991.
Since that time the company has released more than 130 products and version upgrades for
identification and verification of objects and personal identity.With a combination of fast
algorithms and high reliability, company's fingerprint, face, eye iris and voice biometric
technologies can be used for access control, computer security, banking, time attendance control
and law enforcement applications, among others.

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Fig.5.2.Application using neurotechnology
Neurotechnology's fingerprint identification algorithms have shown one of the
best results for reliability in major biometric competitions and evaluations, including the National
Institute of Standards & Technology (NIST) Minutiae Interoperability Exchange III (MINEX III),
Proprietary Fingerprint Template Evaluation II (PFT II) and Fingerprint Vendor Technology
Evaluation for the US Department of Justice (FpVTE 2012). The company's Mega
Matcher fingerprint identification engine has been recognized by NIST as fully MINEX
compliant allowing to use it in U.S. Government Personal Identity Verification program (PIV)
fingerprint recognition applications. Previously, the fingerprint recognition algorithms have
received awards in the International Fingerprint Verification Competitions (FVC2006, FVC2004,
FVC2002 and FVC2000).
VeriEye iris identification engine has been tested in the NIST Iris Exchange (IREX)
Evaluation and recognized as one of the most reliably accurate iris recognition algorithms among
those tested.
In 2004 Neurotechnology began research in artificial intelligence (A.I.), computer vision
and mobile autonomous robotics fields, and in the same year the company's AI division was
founded. The company's object recognition, surveillance, eye movement tracking and 3D object
model reconstruction technologies use advanced computer-based vision algorithms and are
applicable to a variety of applications, as well as for generic robot and machine vision.
In 2014 Neurotechnology released SentiBotics – a ready-to-use robotics development kit.
SentiBotics enables the rapid development and testing of mobile robots and comes with software,

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sample programs, a tracked platform and grasping robotic arm, 3D vision, object recognition and
autonomous navigation capabilities.
In 2017 Neurotechnology researchers won first place in a Kaggle competition with
deep neural network based computer vision solution for classifying fish species.

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CHAPTER - 6
CONCLUSION
1. Neurotechnology can change the world from Adam&Eve to present day human. But it
should not be used for illicit things for happening of good things.
2. The future of neurotechnologies lies in how they are fundamentally applied, and not so
much on what new versions will be developed.
3. Current technologies give a large amount of insight into the mind and how the brain
functions, but basic research is still needed to demonstrate the more applied functions of
these technologies.

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CHAPTER - 7
REFERENCES
1.The Hindu News Paper
2.Neurotechnology(Company)
http://www.neurotechnology.com/
3.Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotechnology