Wk1to4

von Neumann ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

von Neumann ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Moore’s Law ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Speeding it up ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Intel 8086 & 8088 ,[object Object],[object Object]

Segmentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Segmentation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

x86 Registers Category Category Bit Register Name General Purpose Register 32/16 E/AX,E/BX,E/CX,E/DX General Purpose Register 8 AH,AL,BH,BL,CH,CL,DH,DL Pointer Register 32/16 E/SP (Stack Pointer) E/BP (Base Pointer) Index Register 32/16 E/SI (Source Index) E/DI (Destination Index) Segment Register 32/16 CS (Code Segment) DS (Data Segment) SS (Stack Segment) ES (Extra Segment) Instruction Pointer Register 32/16 E/IP (Instruction Pointer) Status Register (Flag) 32/16 E/FLAGS (Flag Register)

General Purpose Registers ,[object Object],[object Object],Register Function E/AX Accumulator Register For arithmetic, logic and data transfer operation E/BX Base Register Also as address register E/CX Count Register Used for loop counter, shift and rotate bits E/DX Data Register Used in division and multiplication also I/O operation

8-bit Data Division from 16-bit ,[object Object],Figure 1: 8-bit Data Division from 16-bit

16-bit Data form into 32-bit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Segment Register ,[object Object],[object Object],Segment Usage Code (CS) Space to store program that will be executed Data (DS) Space to store data that will be processed Stack (SS) Special space to store information needed by microprocessor to execute subroutine or interrupt service Extra (ES) Function is the same as DS

Instruction Pointer Register (IP) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Index Register and Pointer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Assembler ,[object Object],[object Object]

Assembler ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Variable Declarations ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],Variable Declarations

Declare Variables ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

comments / remarks ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Simple Assignments ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Small Sample Program ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

ORG ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Simple Assignments(MOV) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Assembler Directive/Pseudo-Ops ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Assignments (MOV)

Addition (ADD) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Arithmetic Expressions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Arithmatic Expressions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SUBTRACT (SUB) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

INCREMENT (INC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

DECREMENT (DEC) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Instruction Format ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Complex Expressions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Complex Expressions ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Debuggers and Debugging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Debuggers and Debugging ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Opcode mnemonics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Assembly directives / pseudo-ops ,[object Object]

Assembling the Source Code File ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Assembling the Source Code File ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Linking ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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