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TOP 50 JAVA EE 7 BEST
PRACTICES
Ryan Cuprak
Michael Remijan
About Us
Ryan
• @ctjava
• rcuprak@gmail.com
• http://www.cuprak.info
• https://www.linkedin.com/in/rcuprak
Michael
• @mjremijan
• mjremijan@yahoo.com
• http://mjremijan.blogspot.com
• http://linkedin.com/in/mjremijan
EJB 3 In Action 2nd Edition
Updated For
• EE 7
• EJB 3.2
Java EE 7
Concurrency
Utilities
Batch
Applications
Java
API for
JSON
Java API for
WebSocket
JSF 2.2
JSX-WS
2.2
JAX-RS
2
EL 3
Servlet 3.1
Common
Annotations 1.2
Interceptors 1.2 CDI 1.1
Managed Beans 1.0 EJB 3.2
Connector
1.7
JPA 2.1 JTA 1.2 JMS 2
JSP 2.3
JAXB
#1 JAX-RS: API Versioning
Version your JAX-RS with one of two approaches:
1. URL
http://ctjava.org/v2/meetings
http://ctjava.org/v1/meetngs
2. Media Content or Header Param
curl -H "Content-Type:application/srv-v4+json” …
Return HTTP Status Codes for services moved/changed:
• 301 Moved Permanently
• 302 Found
#1 JAX-RS: API Versioning (Continued…)
Approach 1: URL
Approach 2: Media Types
#1 JAX-RS: API Versioning (Continued…)
Service Moved Permanently
#2 JAX-RS: Error Handling
Provide ExceptionMappers to handle and process errors.
#2 JAX-RS: Error Handling (Continued…)
HTML content is hardly a friendly response for an API!
#2 JAX-RS: Error Handling (Continued…)
#3 JAX-RS: Caching
Tell clients to cache data!
#4 JAX-RS + Bean Validation
Use Bean Validation to check data.
#5 JAX-RS: Compress Responses
Use gzip compression for responses to reduce bandwidth.
#6 Securing RESTful Services
• Use tokens with RESTful Web Services (OWASP).
• Leverage JASPIC to setup JAAS environment.
#7 JAX-RS + EJB
• Use @Stateless and @Path together
• Pooled, thread safe, monitored
#7 JAX-RS + EJB (Continued…)
• http://localhost:4848/monitoring/domain/server/applications/WebApp
lication1/StatelessResource/bean-methods/getText[.json]
#8 JAX-RS: Asynchronous API Gateway
• Gateway calls multiple microservices asynchronously
• Combines results into a DTO
#8 JAX-RS: Async…(Continued…)
• Gateway calls multiple microservices asynchronously
• Combines results into a DTO
#9 JPA: Pagination
Use pagination for potential large result sets.
#9 JPA: Pagination (Continued…)
#10 JPA: Lazy Relationships
Avoid unnecessary queries – use Fetch on Lazy
relationships.
#10 JPA: Lazy Relationships (Continued…)
1. SELECT MEETINGID, DATE, MEETINGABSTRACT, TITLE FROM MEETING WHERE (MEETINGID
= ?)
2. SELECT t1.SPEAKERID, t1.BIOGRAPHY, t1.FIRSTNAME, t1.LASTNAME FROM meeting_speakers
t0, SPEAKER t1 WHERE ((t0.meetingid = ?) AND (t1.SPEAKERID = t0.speakerid))
#10 JPA: Lazy Relationships (Continued…)
1. SELECT t1.MEETINGID, t1.DATE, t1.MEETINGABSTRACT, t1.TITLE, t0.SPEAKERID, t0.BIOGRAPHY,
t0.FIRSTNAME, t0.LASTNAME FROM SPEAKER t0, meeting_speakers t2, MEETING t1 WHERE
((t1.MEETINGID = ?) AND ((t2.meetingid = t1.MEETINGID) AND (t0.SPEAKERID = t2.speakerid)))
1 Query Not TWO!
#11 JPA: Cascade
• Don’t forget cascade levels to handle child data
• cascade=ALL is equivalent to cascade={PERSIST,
MERGE, REMOVE, REFRESH, DETACH}
#12 JPA: Entity Graphs
#13 JPA + DAO
Put CRUD operations into DAOs.
#14 JPA: hashcode() & equals()
The equals and hashcode are required for:
• Entity is added to a collection
• When re-attaching entities to a new persistence context.
Important points:
• Do not use generated identifiers
• Use business key equality
#14 JPA: hashcode() & equals() Continued…
#15 JPA: Optimistic Locking
• Don’t roll your own
• Use @Version for optimistic locking: Integer
#15 JPA: Optimistic Locking (Continued…)
• Timestamp
#16 JPA: Pessimistic Locking
• PESSIMISTIC_READ, PESSIMISTIC_WRITE
• Lock timeout
HINT
#17 JPA: Mapping Inheritance
• Inheritance can have a big impact upon performance.
• Three approaches:
• Single table
• Joined-tables
• Table-per-class
• Denormalize for better performance
#18 JPA L2 Cache
JPA 2 introduced the L2 Cache, use this cache for:
• Entities that are frequently read
• Entities that are modified infrequently
• Not critical if stale
• L2 cache can consume large amounts of memory
• ALL
• NONE
• ENABLE_SELECTIVE
• DISABLE_SELECTIVE
Are you using a default setting?
#18 JPA L2 Cache (Continued…)
Mark entity for L2 cache
Bypass L2 cache
#19 JPA: Persisting ENUM
• ENUM is a good case of converting data types
• Use a @Converter
#19 JPA: Persisting ENUM (Continued…)
• @Converter
• AttributeConverter<X,Y>
• X is my application, Y is the database
#20 EJB: Transaction Handling
• EJBs exist to handle transactions. Keep them at the right layer
• Don’t ignore transactions. Default: REQUIRED
• JAX-RS endpoints, database reads & performance
#21 EJB: Stateless Thread Safety
• Stateless beans are a pooled, managed resource
• Pools configurable by the application server
#22 EJB: Asynchronous
• @Asynchronous runs in container-managed thread
• Return Future<> to get results later
• Ideal for wrapping JAX-RS calls
• Good way to avoid any of your own threading
#23 EJB: Security
• Use declarative security and let the container handle it
• Avoid programmatic security
• EE servers trust principal/roles passed between
containers.
#23 EJB: Security (Continued…)
• EE Configuration
• web.xml
• @DeclaredRoles
• @RolesAllowed
• Custom Configuration
• EE Server Realm
• glassfish-web.xml
#24 EJB: Avoid Lengthy Initialization
Don’t abuse startup – @PostConconstruct delays
You delay initialization of the container!
#24 EJB: Avoid Lengthy Initialization
#25 CDI: Observers
• In-memory event processing
• Very “reactive”
• Decouple work to be done, avoids unnecessary
dependencies
• Create an event to fire
#25 CDI: Observers (Continued…)
• Fire the event
• Observers process the event
#26 CDI: Producer + Cache
• Use a producer to customize creation of an object
• Producer method is always called, so cache the instance
#27 CDI: Interceptors
• Limit to cross-cutting concerns
• Do not use to change business logic
• Create an annotation
#27 CDI: Interceptors
• Create the interceptor
#27 CDI: Interceptors
• Apply the interceptor
#28 CDI: Decorators
• Use to enhance or decorate existing code
• Open-close principle
• Do not use for cross-cutting concerns
#28 CDI: Decorators (Continued…)
• /WEB-INF/beans.xml
• /META-INF/beans.xml
#29 CDI: Transactions
Java EE introduced @Transactional for non-EJBs.
Pro: Easier to utilize transactions outside of EJB.
Con: Mixes layers – transactions & rest etc.
#30 CDI: Bean Discovery
• Java EE 7 CDI is enabled by default.
• beans.xml is no longer required as in EE 6
• Bean discovery mode:
• Annotated – only annotated classes
• All – includes beans that are not annotated
• None – CDI disabled
• Default mode is ‘annotated’
#31 Batch: Java EE not SE
• Think Java EE for batch, not SE
• Batch API
• Cron like schedule on EJB methods
• META-INF/batch-jobs/processInvoices.xml
#32: Batch Best Practices
• Package/deploy batch jobs separately
• Implement logic to cleanup old jobs
• Implement logic for auto-restart
• Test restart and checkpoint logic
• Configure database to store jobs
• Configure thread pool for batch jobs
• Only invoke batch jobs from logic that is secured (@Role
etc.)
#33 JAXB Primitive Data Types
anySimpleType
decimal
integer
long
int
short
byte
float double
nonPositiveInteger
negativeInteger
nonNegativeInteger
unsigneLong positiveInteger
unsignedInt
unsignedInt
unsignedByte
#34 JAXB: Date & Time Representation
• Use XMLGregorianCalendar for dates
• Avoid java.util.Date and java.util.Calendar
• XMLGregorianCalendar
• Handles long fractions of seconds – important to .NET
interoperability
#35 JAXB: Annotate
Don’t let JAXB generate everything!
#36 JAX-WS: RPC vs. Document
• Four different possibilities:
• RPC/Literal
• RPC/Encoded
• Document/Literal
• Document/Encoded
• Encoded is not supported by WS-I
• Default and most commonly used is Document/Literal
• Use Document/Literal
• RPC/Literal:
• Limited to basic XSD types
• WSDL will not include types section to constrain parameters
#37 JAX-WS: JAXB Gotcha
• JAXB will serialize an entire object graph.
Oops!
Use either:
• DTO – Data Transfer Object
• @XmlTransient
#38 JAX-WS Interoperable Services
• Design service starting with the WSDL
• Create data types using XSD
• Keep data types SIMPLE
• Avoid xsd:anyType
• Avoid sending Null values
• Use byte[] instead of String when character encoding is
unknown
#39 SOAP Faults
• Types of SOAP faults:
• Modeled – exception explicitly thrown by business logic.
• Mapped to wsdl:fault in WSDL file
• Unmodeled – RuntimeException, represented as generic
SOAPFaultException
#40 JAX-WS Input/Output Processing
Use SOAP message handlers to pre/post process
messages and handle SOAP faults.
#40 JAX-WS Input/Output Processing
#41 JAX-WS Security
Specify Roles
#42 JAX-WS Large Files
Use W3C Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism
(MTOM) to handle large files.
#43 Deployment Classpath
• Are you pulling in third-party JAR files?
• Do these JAR files include Java EE annotated classes?
• Are you accidently deploying web services, MDBs etc.?
• Are you including container dependencies?
BAD!
#44 Threading
• Never create create threads.
• Container manages resources.
#44 Threading…
Thread Factory
#45 Distributed Caches
• Don’t treat @Singleton as a “global” singleton!
• Use JCache implementation (ex. HazelCast)
Java EE Server #1
app.war
SingletonBean
Java EE Server #2
app.war
SingletonBean
#46 Testing: Load
Load testing always at 100%?
Scenario:
• Message Driven Bean with a connection to a remote
resource.
• Standing pool size: 3
Oops!
#46 Testing Load (Continued…)
Oops, resource only leak as bean instances fluctuate!
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Leak
Bean
Returning to standing pool size leaks resources.
#47 Testing: Integration
Use Arquillian:
#48 Java EE Tutorial Table of Contents
• What’s in Java EE?
• 918 pages
• TOC is a great summary
• 30+ pages
• Highlights just how much is
in EE
#49 There are no “small” applications
• Don’t fall into these traps:
• “It’s just a simple application”
• “It only needs to do…”
• “Code it up real quick…”
• EE Specification exists for a reason
• Multiple users
• Concurrency
• Multi-threading
• Transaction management
• External resources
• Messaging
#50 Start with an EE Server
• Because there are no “small” applications
• Start with an EE Server
Avoid filling yourWAR with
“EE Features”
because you are not using an EE server
• But Servers are “heavy-weight”?
• Payara
• WildFly
• TomEE
• Benefits
• “Light-weight”
• Regular updates
• Great online community support
Join Us!
https://javaee-guardians.io
Q&A

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Top 50 java ee 7 best practices [con5669]

  • 1. TOP 50 JAVA EE 7 BEST PRACTICES Ryan Cuprak Michael Remijan
  • 2. About Us Ryan • @ctjava • rcuprak@gmail.com • http://www.cuprak.info • https://www.linkedin.com/in/rcuprak Michael • @mjremijan • mjremijan@yahoo.com • http://mjremijan.blogspot.com • http://linkedin.com/in/mjremijan
  • 3. EJB 3 In Action 2nd Edition Updated For • EE 7 • EJB 3.2
  • 4. Java EE 7 Concurrency Utilities Batch Applications Java API for JSON Java API for WebSocket JSF 2.2 JSX-WS 2.2 JAX-RS 2 EL 3 Servlet 3.1 Common Annotations 1.2 Interceptors 1.2 CDI 1.1 Managed Beans 1.0 EJB 3.2 Connector 1.7 JPA 2.1 JTA 1.2 JMS 2 JSP 2.3 JAXB
  • 5. #1 JAX-RS: API Versioning Version your JAX-RS with one of two approaches: 1. URL http://ctjava.org/v2/meetings http://ctjava.org/v1/meetngs 2. Media Content or Header Param curl -H "Content-Type:application/srv-v4+json” … Return HTTP Status Codes for services moved/changed: • 301 Moved Permanently • 302 Found
  • 6. #1 JAX-RS: API Versioning (Continued…) Approach 1: URL Approach 2: Media Types
  • 7. #1 JAX-RS: API Versioning (Continued…) Service Moved Permanently
  • 8. #2 JAX-RS: Error Handling Provide ExceptionMappers to handle and process errors.
  • 9. #2 JAX-RS: Error Handling (Continued…) HTML content is hardly a friendly response for an API!
  • 10. #2 JAX-RS: Error Handling (Continued…)
  • 11. #3 JAX-RS: Caching Tell clients to cache data!
  • 12. #4 JAX-RS + Bean Validation Use Bean Validation to check data.
  • 13. #5 JAX-RS: Compress Responses Use gzip compression for responses to reduce bandwidth.
  • 14. #6 Securing RESTful Services • Use tokens with RESTful Web Services (OWASP). • Leverage JASPIC to setup JAAS environment.
  • 15. #7 JAX-RS + EJB • Use @Stateless and @Path together • Pooled, thread safe, monitored
  • 16. #7 JAX-RS + EJB (Continued…) • http://localhost:4848/monitoring/domain/server/applications/WebApp lication1/StatelessResource/bean-methods/getText[.json]
  • 17. #8 JAX-RS: Asynchronous API Gateway • Gateway calls multiple microservices asynchronously • Combines results into a DTO
  • 18. #8 JAX-RS: Async…(Continued…) • Gateway calls multiple microservices asynchronously • Combines results into a DTO
  • 19. #9 JPA: Pagination Use pagination for potential large result sets.
  • 20. #9 JPA: Pagination (Continued…)
  • 21. #10 JPA: Lazy Relationships Avoid unnecessary queries – use Fetch on Lazy relationships.
  • 22. #10 JPA: Lazy Relationships (Continued…) 1. SELECT MEETINGID, DATE, MEETINGABSTRACT, TITLE FROM MEETING WHERE (MEETINGID = ?) 2. SELECT t1.SPEAKERID, t1.BIOGRAPHY, t1.FIRSTNAME, t1.LASTNAME FROM meeting_speakers t0, SPEAKER t1 WHERE ((t0.meetingid = ?) AND (t1.SPEAKERID = t0.speakerid))
  • 23. #10 JPA: Lazy Relationships (Continued…) 1. SELECT t1.MEETINGID, t1.DATE, t1.MEETINGABSTRACT, t1.TITLE, t0.SPEAKERID, t0.BIOGRAPHY, t0.FIRSTNAME, t0.LASTNAME FROM SPEAKER t0, meeting_speakers t2, MEETING t1 WHERE ((t1.MEETINGID = ?) AND ((t2.meetingid = t1.MEETINGID) AND (t0.SPEAKERID = t2.speakerid))) 1 Query Not TWO!
  • 24. #11 JPA: Cascade • Don’t forget cascade levels to handle child data • cascade=ALL is equivalent to cascade={PERSIST, MERGE, REMOVE, REFRESH, DETACH}
  • 25. #12 JPA: Entity Graphs
  • 26. #13 JPA + DAO Put CRUD operations into DAOs.
  • 27. #14 JPA: hashcode() & equals() The equals and hashcode are required for: • Entity is added to a collection • When re-attaching entities to a new persistence context. Important points: • Do not use generated identifiers • Use business key equality
  • 28. #14 JPA: hashcode() & equals() Continued…
  • 29. #15 JPA: Optimistic Locking • Don’t roll your own • Use @Version for optimistic locking: Integer
  • 30. #15 JPA: Optimistic Locking (Continued…) • Timestamp
  • 31. #16 JPA: Pessimistic Locking • PESSIMISTIC_READ, PESSIMISTIC_WRITE • Lock timeout HINT
  • 32. #17 JPA: Mapping Inheritance • Inheritance can have a big impact upon performance. • Three approaches: • Single table • Joined-tables • Table-per-class • Denormalize for better performance
  • 33. #18 JPA L2 Cache JPA 2 introduced the L2 Cache, use this cache for: • Entities that are frequently read • Entities that are modified infrequently • Not critical if stale • L2 cache can consume large amounts of memory • ALL • NONE • ENABLE_SELECTIVE • DISABLE_SELECTIVE Are you using a default setting?
  • 34. #18 JPA L2 Cache (Continued…) Mark entity for L2 cache Bypass L2 cache
  • 35. #19 JPA: Persisting ENUM • ENUM is a good case of converting data types • Use a @Converter
  • 36. #19 JPA: Persisting ENUM (Continued…) • @Converter • AttributeConverter<X,Y> • X is my application, Y is the database
  • 37. #20 EJB: Transaction Handling • EJBs exist to handle transactions. Keep them at the right layer • Don’t ignore transactions. Default: REQUIRED • JAX-RS endpoints, database reads & performance
  • 38. #21 EJB: Stateless Thread Safety • Stateless beans are a pooled, managed resource • Pools configurable by the application server
  • 39. #22 EJB: Asynchronous • @Asynchronous runs in container-managed thread • Return Future<> to get results later • Ideal for wrapping JAX-RS calls • Good way to avoid any of your own threading
  • 40. #23 EJB: Security • Use declarative security and let the container handle it • Avoid programmatic security • EE servers trust principal/roles passed between containers.
  • 41. #23 EJB: Security (Continued…) • EE Configuration • web.xml • @DeclaredRoles • @RolesAllowed • Custom Configuration • EE Server Realm • glassfish-web.xml
  • 42. #24 EJB: Avoid Lengthy Initialization Don’t abuse startup – @PostConconstruct delays You delay initialization of the container!
  • 43. #24 EJB: Avoid Lengthy Initialization
  • 44. #25 CDI: Observers • In-memory event processing • Very “reactive” • Decouple work to be done, avoids unnecessary dependencies • Create an event to fire
  • 45. #25 CDI: Observers (Continued…) • Fire the event • Observers process the event
  • 46. #26 CDI: Producer + Cache • Use a producer to customize creation of an object • Producer method is always called, so cache the instance
  • 47. #27 CDI: Interceptors • Limit to cross-cutting concerns • Do not use to change business logic • Create an annotation
  • 48. #27 CDI: Interceptors • Create the interceptor
  • 49. #27 CDI: Interceptors • Apply the interceptor
  • 50. #28 CDI: Decorators • Use to enhance or decorate existing code • Open-close principle • Do not use for cross-cutting concerns
  • 51. #28 CDI: Decorators (Continued…) • /WEB-INF/beans.xml • /META-INF/beans.xml
  • 52. #29 CDI: Transactions Java EE introduced @Transactional for non-EJBs. Pro: Easier to utilize transactions outside of EJB. Con: Mixes layers – transactions & rest etc.
  • 53. #30 CDI: Bean Discovery • Java EE 7 CDI is enabled by default. • beans.xml is no longer required as in EE 6 • Bean discovery mode: • Annotated – only annotated classes • All – includes beans that are not annotated • None – CDI disabled • Default mode is ‘annotated’
  • 54. #31 Batch: Java EE not SE • Think Java EE for batch, not SE • Batch API • Cron like schedule on EJB methods • META-INF/batch-jobs/processInvoices.xml
  • 55. #32: Batch Best Practices • Package/deploy batch jobs separately • Implement logic to cleanup old jobs • Implement logic for auto-restart • Test restart and checkpoint logic • Configure database to store jobs • Configure thread pool for batch jobs • Only invoke batch jobs from logic that is secured (@Role etc.)
  • 56. #33 JAXB Primitive Data Types anySimpleType decimal integer long int short byte float double nonPositiveInteger negativeInteger nonNegativeInteger unsigneLong positiveInteger unsignedInt unsignedInt unsignedByte
  • 57. #34 JAXB: Date & Time Representation • Use XMLGregorianCalendar for dates • Avoid java.util.Date and java.util.Calendar • XMLGregorianCalendar • Handles long fractions of seconds – important to .NET interoperability
  • 58. #35 JAXB: Annotate Don’t let JAXB generate everything!
  • 59. #36 JAX-WS: RPC vs. Document • Four different possibilities: • RPC/Literal • RPC/Encoded • Document/Literal • Document/Encoded • Encoded is not supported by WS-I • Default and most commonly used is Document/Literal • Use Document/Literal • RPC/Literal: • Limited to basic XSD types • WSDL will not include types section to constrain parameters
  • 60. #37 JAX-WS: JAXB Gotcha • JAXB will serialize an entire object graph. Oops! Use either: • DTO – Data Transfer Object • @XmlTransient
  • 61. #38 JAX-WS Interoperable Services • Design service starting with the WSDL • Create data types using XSD • Keep data types SIMPLE • Avoid xsd:anyType • Avoid sending Null values • Use byte[] instead of String when character encoding is unknown
  • 62. #39 SOAP Faults • Types of SOAP faults: • Modeled – exception explicitly thrown by business logic. • Mapped to wsdl:fault in WSDL file • Unmodeled – RuntimeException, represented as generic SOAPFaultException
  • 63. #40 JAX-WS Input/Output Processing Use SOAP message handlers to pre/post process messages and handle SOAP faults.
  • 66. #42 JAX-WS Large Files Use W3C Message Transmission Optimization Mechanism (MTOM) to handle large files.
  • 67. #43 Deployment Classpath • Are you pulling in third-party JAR files? • Do these JAR files include Java EE annotated classes? • Are you accidently deploying web services, MDBs etc.? • Are you including container dependencies? BAD!
  • 68. #44 Threading • Never create create threads. • Container manages resources.
  • 70. #45 Distributed Caches • Don’t treat @Singleton as a “global” singleton! • Use JCache implementation (ex. HazelCast) Java EE Server #1 app.war SingletonBean Java EE Server #2 app.war SingletonBean
  • 71. #46 Testing: Load Load testing always at 100%? Scenario: • Message Driven Bean with a connection to a remote resource. • Standing pool size: 3 Oops!
  • 72. #46 Testing Load (Continued…) Oops, resource only leak as bean instances fluctuate! 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Leak Bean Returning to standing pool size leaks resources.
  • 74. #48 Java EE Tutorial Table of Contents • What’s in Java EE? • 918 pages • TOC is a great summary • 30+ pages • Highlights just how much is in EE
  • 75. #49 There are no “small” applications • Don’t fall into these traps: • “It’s just a simple application” • “It only needs to do…” • “Code it up real quick…” • EE Specification exists for a reason • Multiple users • Concurrency • Multi-threading • Transaction management • External resources • Messaging
  • 76. #50 Start with an EE Server • Because there are no “small” applications • Start with an EE Server Avoid filling yourWAR with “EE Features” because you are not using an EE server • But Servers are “heavy-weight”? • Payara • WildFly • TomEE • Benefits • “Light-weight” • Regular updates • Great online community support
  • 78. Q&A

Editor's Notes

  1. [Ryan] - Welcome to the Top 50 Java Best Practices
  2. I am Ryan, this is Michael,