Minecraft in 500 lines of Python with Pyglet
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A short walkthrough of some of the code from an impressive 500 line Python game - a simple version of Minecraft, using the Pyglet 3D library. Links to resources for Pyglet and Python gaming generally.
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Minecraft in 500 lines of Python with Pyglet
- 1. Minecraft in 500 lines of Python Richard Donkin @rdonkin cloudfindhq.com
- 4. Why Python? Easy to write Great community Fast enough Can use compilers (Cython etc) or JIT (PyPy) Or use a spare GPU … Libraries, broad usage Raspberry Pi to scientific computing to cloud apps http://xkcd.com/353/
- 5. Pyglet 3D gaming library - pyglet.org Simple to learn Doesn’t mandate program structure Wraps OpenGL Can use py2exe / py2app This is a quick Minecraft code walkthrough, not a tutorial Tutorial based on Asteroids: steveasleep.com
- 6. Minecraft Essentials Objects are blocks, in 3D grid Operations Move: W, S, A, D – and Tab to fly Mouse to look (or fly) Mouse to add or remove blocks Textures
- 7. Overview Window class Subclass of Pyglet window class User interaction, movement, rendering Model class Models the world as blocks in 3D grid Dictionary world[position] where position is tuple (x, y, z) Contains texture such as
- 8. Window & Startup Code
- 9. Model
- 10. Look around X axis is horizontal (look left/right) Y axis is vertical (look up/down) – max ±90° Only motion matters, not absolute position Python tuple assignment
- 11. Building stuff Mouse locking, sight vector Hit testing, block add/remove
- 12. Adding a Block Remove any existing block at (x, y, z) position from the ‘world dictionary’ Set texture for this block at position Create or update sector (16x16 2D grid) in which this block resides – enables speedup by only rendering some sectors Show the block, and check if any neighbours now visible
- 13. Highlighting ‘target block’ Hit-test from player position to target block Draw line around visible edges of block, using Pyglet
- 14. 1100 commits later… github.com/boskee/Minecraft Major fork 8,000 lines 19 contributors Multi-player Optionally, compile to C via Cython
- 15. Pyglet and More 2D game toolkits: Cocos2D: http://cocos2d.org/ - uses Pyglet Fife: http://www.fifengine.net/ - esp. RTSs and RPGs Add-on libraries that can work with Pyglet: Rabbyt – sprites: http://arcticpaint.com/projects/rabbyt/ Pymunk – physics: http://pymunk.org Alternative frameworks: Pygame – larger community, more game-specific, open source book at http://inventwithpython.com/
- 16. Summary Concise, elegant code Choose the right framework Small games to get started Write your own! Try pyweek.org challenges
- 18. Sect0rization Technique used to speed up rendering of world – only render nearby sectors Sector = 16x16 2D region of world In Model, dictionary sectors[sector] maps from sector to list of positions in that sector Track player position in sector If player moves between sectors, determine which adjacent sectors to show – see change_sectors()
Editor's Notes
- Panda3D is a higher-end 3D library, more eomplex to use than Pyglet.
- STONE is specially treated because the base of the world is stone (grey colour) – this stops you removing the base which would look bad. To see this, remove the layer of earth blocks on the ground until you get to stone.
- Now 8000 lines of code, including full inventory, multi-player client/server, etc. Supports compiling to C using Cython for speed, but not as easy to get started with as the original fogleman version.
- Panda3D and PyOpenGL are two other 3D frameworks.