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Designing An Android
 Sensor Subsystem


 Pitfalls and Considerations

        Jen Costillo
     jen@rebelbot.com
Simple Choices
               User                             Battery
            experience                        performance




2/14/2012       Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012      2
Established
                  or Innovative Product?
            Established                            Innovation-Driven
            • Will I be making another             • Do I have new sensors
               new product in 6                       types?
               months?                             • Are features more
            • Is the reference design                 important than release
               considered good enough                 date?
               for the application?                • Are money and
                                                      resources no
                                                      problem?



2/14/2012                   Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012             3
Forsaking Reference Designs




2/14/2012          Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012   4
Going On Your Own
      • If you make your own,                        • But…
            – You’re on your own                            – power ↓
            – Integration pains                             – Control code size
            – Test time ↑                                   – Control mechanical
            – Gesture testing                                 footprint
              becomes a challenge                           – In-house expertise
            – Calibration blues
            – Larger mechanical
              footprint



2/14/2012                Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012                    5
Android Universe
                   Android Application                                  Application
                      SensorManager
                                                                        Frameworks
                          Sensor JNI
             Sensor Service       Sensor Manager
                                                                         Libraries
                          Sensor HAL

            Interface Kernel
                 Driver
                                   Sensor Driver                        Linux Kernel

            Sensor Hub/
            Coprocessor           Sensors                                Hardware
2/14/2012                      Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012                  6
Application

                                                  Frameworks


                                                      Libraries


                                                  Linux Kernel
            HARDWARE
                                                     Hardware

2/14/2012        Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012           7
Hardware Architecture




2/14/2012       Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012   8
Sensor Selection
        •   Limited types
        •   New type
        •   Latency
        •   Power consumption




2/14/2012            Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012   9
Sensor Sampling Rate




2/14/2012       Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012   10
Sampling Rates:
                                The 3 Rates
            Under-sampling                                                Over-sampling
            • Inaccurate, sluggish                                        • Accurate, smooth
              response                                                      response
            • Slight power savings                                        • Power-hungry




                                             Sampling
                                               Rate




2/14/2012                            Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012                    11
Polling versus Interrupt
              Pros:                        Pros:
              • Simplicity                 • Low power
              • Throttle                     Sleep Mode
                data                       • Use fewer
                throughput                   timers

              Cons:                        Cons:
              • Less sleep                 • Complex
              • Latency ↑                    program
              • Data loss                    structure


2/14/2012          Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012   12
Interfaces




2/14/2012   Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012   13
Wake up events and power
                    considerations
            Application                 Internal                           External
            Processor only              Coprocessor                        Processor


                     D                             C                              CC
            Reference supported         Reference supported                More processor selection
            Most power hungry           Most work done for                 More outcome control
                                        you                                Most customized
                                                                           Footprint impact




2/14/2012                         Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012                              14
Sensor Subsystem/Hub
      • Separate processor or part of the
        Application processor
      • How to evaluate?
            – Latency
            – Power consumption
            – Low power modes




2/14/2012              Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012   15
Hardware Summary

           Power                     Latency =
       Consumption                 Max(sensorsn)
                                                                  Sensor
       = Σ sensorsn +               + dedicated
                                                                 Solution
       any dedicated                processing
         processor                     time




      • Use tie-breaker criteria




2/14/2012               Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012              16
Application

                                                       Frameworks


                                                              Libraries


                                                       Linux Kernel
            KERNEL
                                                          Hardware

2/14/2012            Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012               17
Kernel Driver
                      Application Processor


                       Peripheral                                   Shared
                        Interface                                   Memory




            Microcontroller          Sensor                      Coprocessor


2/14/2012               Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012                 18
Application

                                                  Frameworks


                                                         Libraries


                                                  Linux Kernel
        LIBRARIES AND
        SERVICES                                     Hardware

2/14/2012       Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012               19
Sensor HAL and Services
  • HAL
       device/<vendor>/<board name>/libsensors


  • Service
       frameworks/base/services/sensorservice


  • Manager
       frameworks/base/libs/gui

2/14/2012         Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012
                                                           20
Sensor Fusion

                                                                             Libraries

                                                                            Linux Kernel

                                                                            Sensor Hub


                                                                              Sensors
      http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor_fusion
      https://www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2010/NR-10-01-06.html
2/14/2012                          Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012                  22
Gesture Detection Algorithm
            Application                                Android
            Processor                                SensorService



                                                            Co-
            Sensor Hub                                   Processor



            Sensors         MPU with
                                                         Barometer   Proximity
                            Gyro/Accel



                             Compass


2/14/2012                 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012                 23
Gesture Detection Comparison

              Make                   Buy
                                                                            Application
                                                                            • Powerful processor
                                    Minimal
            Off-load AppPro
                                Schedule Impact

               In-house          Already Tested
               expertise             &tuned

                                    Complete
            Compact code
                                     solution              Sensor hub
                                                           • Off-load to cheaper
                                                             power
                                                           • Wake up Event
                                                             Handling


2/14/2012                     Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012                          24
Calibration




2/14/2012   Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012   25
Application

                                                         Frameworks


                                                          Libraries

                                                         Linux Kernel
        OTHER
        CONSIDERATIONS                                    Hardware

2/14/2012       Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012                  26
Testing Methodologies
        • Creating tools
        • Checkpoints at all levels
        • Ensure the application processor can see each of
          your sensors
        • Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) at application level -
          /cts/tests/tests/hardware… SensorTest.java

        • Test services -
          /frameworks/base/services/sensorservice/tests

        • Manufacturing tests

2/14/2012               Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012   27
QUESTIONS?
                    JEN@REBELBOT.COM




        Additional resources
        http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Android_Sensor_PortingGuide
        http://www.kandroid.org/online-pdk/guide/sensors.html
2/14/2012                   Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012            28

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Designing an android sensor subsystem costillo 20120214

  • 1. Designing An Android Sensor Subsystem Pitfalls and Considerations Jen Costillo jen@rebelbot.com
  • 2. Simple Choices User Battery experience performance 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 2
  • 3. Established or Innovative Product? Established Innovation-Driven • Will I be making another • Do I have new sensors new product in 6 types? months? • Are features more • Is the reference design important than release considered good enough date? for the application? • Are money and resources no problem? 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 3
  • 4. Forsaking Reference Designs 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 4
  • 5. Going On Your Own • If you make your own, • But… – You’re on your own – power ↓ – Integration pains – Control code size – Test time ↑ – Control mechanical – Gesture testing footprint becomes a challenge – In-house expertise – Calibration blues – Larger mechanical footprint 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 5
  • 6. Android Universe Android Application Application SensorManager Frameworks Sensor JNI Sensor Service Sensor Manager Libraries Sensor HAL Interface Kernel Driver Sensor Driver Linux Kernel Sensor Hub/ Coprocessor Sensors Hardware 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 6
  • 7. Application Frameworks Libraries Linux Kernel HARDWARE Hardware 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 7
  • 8. Hardware Architecture 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 8
  • 9. Sensor Selection • Limited types • New type • Latency • Power consumption 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 9
  • 10. Sensor Sampling Rate 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 10
  • 11. Sampling Rates: The 3 Rates Under-sampling Over-sampling • Inaccurate, sluggish • Accurate, smooth response response • Slight power savings • Power-hungry Sampling Rate 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 11
  • 12. Polling versus Interrupt Pros: Pros: • Simplicity • Low power • Throttle Sleep Mode data • Use fewer throughput timers Cons: Cons: • Less sleep • Complex • Latency ↑ program • Data loss structure 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 12
  • 13. Interfaces 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 13
  • 14. Wake up events and power considerations Application Internal External Processor only Coprocessor Processor D C CC Reference supported Reference supported More processor selection Most power hungry Most work done for More outcome control you Most customized Footprint impact 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 14
  • 15. Sensor Subsystem/Hub • Separate processor or part of the Application processor • How to evaluate? – Latency – Power consumption – Low power modes 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 15
  • 16. Hardware Summary Power Latency = Consumption Max(sensorsn) Sensor = Σ sensorsn + + dedicated Solution any dedicated processing processor time • Use tie-breaker criteria 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 16
  • 17. Application Frameworks Libraries Linux Kernel KERNEL Hardware 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 17
  • 18. Kernel Driver Application Processor Peripheral Shared Interface Memory Microcontroller Sensor Coprocessor 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 18
  • 19. Application Frameworks Libraries Linux Kernel LIBRARIES AND SERVICES Hardware 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 19
  • 20. Sensor HAL and Services • HAL device/<vendor>/<board name>/libsensors • Service frameworks/base/services/sensorservice • Manager frameworks/base/libs/gui 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 20
  • 21. Sensor Fusion Libraries Linux Kernel Sensor Hub Sensors http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensor_fusion https://www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2010/NR-10-01-06.html 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 22
  • 22. Gesture Detection Algorithm Application Android Processor SensorService Co- Sensor Hub Processor Sensors MPU with Barometer Proximity Gyro/Accel Compass 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 23
  • 23. Gesture Detection Comparison Make Buy Application • Powerful processor Minimal Off-load AppPro Schedule Impact In-house Already Tested expertise &tuned Complete Compact code solution Sensor hub • Off-load to cheaper power • Wake up Event Handling 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 24
  • 24. Calibration 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 25
  • 25. Application Frameworks Libraries Linux Kernel OTHER CONSIDERATIONS Hardware 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 26
  • 26. Testing Methodologies • Creating tools • Checkpoints at all levels • Ensure the application processor can see each of your sensors • Compatibility Test Suite (CTS) at application level - /cts/tests/tests/hardware… SensorTest.java • Test services - /frameworks/base/services/sensorservice/tests • Manufacturing tests 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 27
  • 27. QUESTIONS? JEN@REBELBOT.COM Additional resources http://processors.wiki.ti.com/index.php/Android_Sensor_PortingGuide http://www.kandroid.org/online-pdk/guide/sensors.html 2/14/2012 Costillo- Android Builders Summit 2012 28