The Internet of Things, whose underlying vision and technologies aim at bridging the physical and digital worlds together, lead to the creation of new types of applications coupling Web services with everyday products. Such product-oriented applications, which enable the functional exposition, control or enhancement of artifacts that embed information processing capabilities, question the established design principles and conventions. They open up the possibility for Internet-enabled products, whose functions can be "augmented" and adapted to better support users' changing needs, to be designed. This research, which is at the intersection of Design Science, Ubiquitous Computing and Human-Computer Interactions, aims at studying the impact brought about by applications on product design. It highlights the need to build an application model that facilitates their representation by users, and to explore the pragmatic issues rose by their integration into products. It leads to the definition and evaluation, through practice, of principles for the design of augmented products' form and interactions. It describes the ductility of future products, the novel coupling between functions, behavior and structure they implement and their potential evolutions. This work contributes to the Internet of Things research by reframing the discussion and by providing researchers and practitioners with tools that can be leveraged during the design process.
Designing for the Internet of Things : models and principles for augmented products
1. models and principles for the !
design of augmented products
Pierrick Thébault!
Designing for the!
Internet of Things:!
LABORATOIRE ARTS ET METIERS PARISTECH D’ANGERS (LAMPA) - EQUIPE PRESENCE & INNOVATION & ALCATEL-LUCENT – BELL LABS FRANCE
May 31th, 2013!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
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PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
Extending the Web to products
6
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Extending the Web to products
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Towards product-oriented
applications
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 8
Web service!
Web service!
Web service!
Product!
Product!
Product!
digital world!
physical world!
Video available on
h"p://vimeo.com/67927424
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
The collaboration of
many stakeholders
MANUFA
-CTURER!
TELECOM!
PROVIDER!
END-USER!
SERVICE!
PROVIDER!
WEB SERVICES! PRODUCTS!
INFRASTRUCTURE!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013
What is the impact of applications
on the design of products?
10
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
A design research…
Mackay et al., 1997!
The artefact as a gateway between!
practice and theory!
Design researchers continually !
reframe the problem as they
attempt to make the right !
thing.! Zimmerman, 2007!
”!
“!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
… through practice
A mix of qualitative and interpretative !
methods situated in action.!
Findeli, 2004!
§ Ethno-methodology!
§ Participatory design methods!
§ Prototyping!
§ Usability testing!
§ Through design!
Frayling, 1993!
§ Design praxiology!
and phenomenology
Cross, 1999!
§ Through projects!
Findeli, 2004!
§ Pragmatic and
empirical Koskinen, 2011!
!
”!
“!
Fallman, 2008!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
A research at the intersection
of three disciplines
§ Network infrastructures!
§ Embedded systems!
§ Applications!
§ User interfaces!
§ Interaction techniques!
§ Design principles!
§ Components and materials!
§ Manufacturing techniques!
§ Design processes!
UBICOMP!
HCI!
DESIGN!
SCIENCE!
Ubiquitous Computing!
Human-computer interactions!
Design science & engineering!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
The Internet of Things at Bell Labs
PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 14
Network infrastructures!
Y. Gasté’s team!
Application models!
M. Boussard’s team!Virtual objects
Connected
Real-World
Objects
Virtual Objects Framework
Eventing
HTTP APIs
Access
Control
Provision
ing
Environment-aware Applications
User
Interaction
Patterns
End-user
programming!
L. Trappeniers’
team!
User
experience!
design!
F. Pain’s team!
Social networks of things!
J. Daigremont’s team!
Partenaires!
15. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 15
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
ProductsApplications
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
State of the art!
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
16. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 16
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Problématique 1 & hypothèse 1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
State of the art!
Research question #1!
17. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 17
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Can we create a
model that
describes their inner
working?!
Hypothesis:!
Designers need to work with end-users!
to create a shared definition of applications!
How to make sure
our definition is
accepted by end-
users?!
Research question #1
How to define !
product-oriented applications?!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Research question #1!
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications to access
applications…
Cooltown!
Kindberg et al., 2002!
Speakeasy!
Newman et al., 2002!
BIT!
Roduner et a., 2010!
Mashup Editor!
Guinard et al., 2009!
Object browser!
Boussard et al., 2010!
Sentient Visor!
Roduner et a., 2011!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Atzori et al., 2010!
A software layer
Kawsar, 2009!
Flow chart
A graph
Lieberman, 2001!
A very broad
concept
Applications!
Service!
composition!
Service!
orchestration!
Product!
abstraction!
Product!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
24. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 24
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Experiments!
State of the art!
How do users perceive applications?!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
26. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 26
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
1) Perception of interconnections!
Perception of interconnections
between product and services!
Product!
Service!
Product!
Service! Product!Service!
Product! Product! Product!
State of the art!
Research question #1!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Generating
ideas
Video available on
h"p://vimeo.com/67925676
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
22 - 27 years old (m=23,64; σ=1,63)
Graduate students in design
11! répartis en! 2!groupes! min!45!
User panel
and procedure
min!15!+!
(evaluation)!
29. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 29
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
A lamp that displays
the air quality.!
An alarm clock that
automatically
change its settings
based on your
habits.!
A wireless USB flash
drive.!
A mailbox that
warns users when
they got mail.!
The light and
temperature of the
house are
programmed.! A mailbox that
displays the status
of an online order. !
A lamp that warns
you when someone
is at the front door.!
An alarm clock that
triggers other
products of the
house. !
A barbecue that
send invitations on
social networks.!
A camera that
publishes pictures
on the Web and
share them with
friends!
Automatic kitchen
appliances.!
Products that
exchange
information.! A vacuum cleaner
that delete e-mails.!
A mobile application
to navigate through
the cities!
Examples of
users’ ideas
30. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 30
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
A lamp that displays
the air quality.!
An alarm clock that
automatically
change its settings
based on your
habits.!
A wireless USB flash
drive.!
A mailbox that
warns users when
they got mail.!
The light and
temperature of the
house are
programmed.! A mailbox that
displays the status
of an online order. !
A lamp that warns
you when someone
is at the front door.!
An alarm clock that
triggers other
products of the
house. !
A barbecue that
send invitations on
social networks.!
A camera that
publishes pictures
on the Web and
share them with
friends!
Automatic kitchen
appliances.!
Products that
exchange
information.! A vacuum cleaner
that delete e-mails.!
A mobile application
to navigate through
the cities!
Examples of
users’ ideas
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Two types of
interconnections are!
rarely combined!
Analysis
and
Product! Product! Web!
service!
Product!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Two types of
interconnections are!
rarely combined!
It is hard to
distinguish!
Analysis
Mobile!
applications!≠ !
Product-
oriented
applications!
Web!
services!
and
Product! Product! Web!
service!
Product!
≠ !
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Products are considered!
as autonomous!
It is hard to
distinguish!
Analysis
≠ ! ≠ !
Mobile!
applications!
Product-
oriented
applications!
Web!
services!
Two types of
interconnections are!
rarely combined!
and
Product! Product! Web!
service!
Product!
37. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 37
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
38. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 38
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
2) Perception of mechanisms!
State of the art!
Research question #1!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
1) Perception of interconnections!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Product!
Service!
Product!
Service!
Service!
Perception of mechanisms
underlying the applications!
State of the art!
Research question #1!
3) Perception of applications!
Descriptive model!
Experiments!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
40. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 40
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
A scenario
to draw
Video available on
h"p://vimeo.com/67926008
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
22 – 45 years old (m=25,48; σ=5,21)
Graduate students in design or innovation
23! split in! 3!groups! min!45!
User panel
and procedure
min!15!+!
(evaluation)!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Examples of drawings
Pictures available on
http://www.regarde.org/fichiers/thebault-experimentation2.pdf!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
Applications are!
hard to represent
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
Two types of applications!
can be distinguished
Applications are!
hard to represent!
Service!Product!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
Applications are!
hard to represent!
Recurring metaphors
et
Product! Service!
Product! Service!
Locations!
Two types of applications!
can be distinguished
50. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 50
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
51. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 51
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
State of the art!
1) Perception of interconnections!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
52. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 52
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Applications
Perception of !
application types!
State of the art!
2) Perception of mechanisms!
3) Perception of applications!
Experiments!
Descriptive model!
Research question #1!
1) Perception of interconnections!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Selecting three types of applications
Applications coupled!
to a product
Applications coupled!
to a web service
Applications coupled!
to the environment
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
A tool to browse and
interact with applications
Video available on
h"p://vimeo.com/67926318
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
22 - 45 years old (m=31,25; σ=7,28)
Researchers, PhD students and interns from Bell Labs
21! min!15!
User panel
and procedure
min!15!+!
(evaluation
+ interview)!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
87%! 74,36%!
25,64%!
74,5! >70%!
>80%!
6!
25!
96,66%
Applications coupled!
to a product
4,45 /5!
« Relevant
because they
avoid unnecessary
travels. »!
Effectiveness!
and efficiency
Results by!
types of!
applications
sucesses! mistakes!
failures!
SUS score!
minutes!
seconds!
/ task!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
87%! 74,36%!
25,64%!
74,5! >70%!
>80%!
6!
25!
96,66%
Applications coupled!
to a product
98,33%
Applications coupled !
to a web service
4,45 /5! 4,3 /5!
« Relevant
because they
avoid unnecessary
travels. »!
« Useful because
the information is
quickly
communicated. »!
Effectiveness!
and efficiency
Results by!
types of!
applications
sucesses! mistakes!
failures!
SUS score!
minutes!
seconds!
/ task!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Results
87%! 74,36%!
25,64%!
74,5! >70%!
>80%!
6!
25!
96,66%
98,33%
66,25%
Applications coupled!
to the environment
4,45 /5! 4,3 /5! 4,40 /5!
4,10 /5! Sound level!
Video stream!
« They help making
plans. »!
Effectiveness!
and efficiency
Results by!
types of!
applications
sucesses! mistakes!
failures!
SUS score!
minutes!
seconds!
/ task!
Applications coupled !
to a web service
« Useful because
the information is
quickly
communicated. »!
Applications coupled!
to a product
« Relevant
because they
avoid unnecessary
travels. »!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
74. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 74
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Hyptohesis:!
Designers need to modify the shape and the interactions of
products to ensure the intelligibility of applications.!
How to make sure
applications made
visible to users?!
Are new design
principle necessary?!
Research question #2
How to design products whose functions are
augmented by applications? !
75. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 75
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
76. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 76
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
77. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 77
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Definition of
augmented products
Unique!
identifier!
Self
awareness!
Sociality!
Autonomy!
State-fulness!
A computationally instrumented tangible object
[...] providing supplementary services without
compromising its original appearance and
interaction metaphor significantly.!
!
!
Kawsar, 2009!
”!
“!
Characteristics!
93. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 93
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
The intelligibility
of applications
Observability
Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system
based on what can be observed.!
Coutaz, 2007!
94. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 94
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
The intelligibility
of applications
Observability
Tracability
Coutaz, 2007!
Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system
based on what can be observed.!
Ability of users to observe the evolution of a system over time,
but without being able to modify this evolution.!
95. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 95
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
The intelligibility
of applications
Observability
Tracability
Controllability
Ability of users to observe, trace, and intervene on the
evolution of a system.!
Ability of users to observe the evolution of a system over time,
but without being able to modify this evolution.!
Coutaz, 2007!
Ability of users to evaluate the internal state of a system
based on what can be observed.!
96. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 96
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Intelligibility
criteria
Observe! Trace! Control!
Availability of!
applications!
How many applications are
deployed on the product?!
How to add or remove an
application?!
Has the application been
correctly added or removed?!
Status of
applications!
Which applications are
currently active?!
How to enable or disable an
application?!
Has the application been
correctly enabled or
disabled?!
Scope of
applications!
Which resources are currently
being interconnected with the
product?!
How to add, modify or delete
interconnections between the
product and other resources?!
Have interconnections been
correctly added, modified or
deleted?!
Inner-working!
of applications!
Which mechanisms or
parameters are currently tied
to each application?!
How to modify the
mechanisms or the
parameters of an application?!
Which actions or functions
have been triggered or
modified?!
Potential!
dysfunctions!
Are applications currently
working well and compatible
with each others?!
How to solve a conflict
between two applications?!
Why do problems or bugs
occur?!
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PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Intelligibility
criteria
Observe! Trace! Control!
Availability of!
applications!
How many applications are
deployed on the product?!
How to add or remove an
application?!
Has the application been
correctly added or removed?!
Status of
applications!
Which applications are
currently active?!
How to enable or disable an
application?!
Has the application been
correctly enabled or
disabled?!
Scope of
applications!
Which resources are currently
being interconnected with the
product?!
How to add, modify or delete
interconnections between the
product and other resources?!
Have interconnections been
correctly added, modified or
deleted?!
Inner-working!
of applications!
Which mechanisms or
parameters are currently tied
to each application?!
How to modify the
mechanisms or the
parameters of an application?!
Which actions or functions
have been triggered or
modified?!
Potential!
dysfunctions!
Are applications currently
working well and compatible
with each others?!
How to solve a conflict
between two applications?!
Why do problems or bugs
occur?!
102. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 102
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
103. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 103
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Products
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
104. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 104
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
105. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 105
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Defining six applications
Agenda!
Set up the time of the
alarm based on a
personal calendar!
Traffic!
Set up the time of the
alarm based on
traffic.!
Applications modifying !
the settings of the alarm!
Applications modifying !
the way you wake up!
Applications triggered !
after stopping the alarm!
106. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 106
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Defining six applications
Radio!
Turns on your favorite
radio channel.!
Podcast!
Downloads and plays
a podcast.!
Applications modifying !
the settings of the alarm!
Applications modifying !
the way you wake up!
Applications triggered !
after stopping the alarm!
107. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 107
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Defining six applications
Facebook!
Posts a status
message when you
stop the alarm.!
Weather!
Reads the weather
forecast of the day.!
Applications modifying !
the settings of the alarm!
Applications modifying !
the way you wake up!
Applications triggered !
after stopping the alarm!
115. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 115
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Product #3:
embodiment of applications
Video available on
h"p://vimeo.com/67927254
116. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 116
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
117. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 117
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
118. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 118
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Perception of the shape and
interactions of the product.!
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
119. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 119
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!
Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the
alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s
temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the
following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same
time? […]!
120. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 120
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
120
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!
Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the
alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s
temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the
following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same
time? […]!
121. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 121
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!
Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the
alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s
temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the
following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same
time? […]!
122. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 122
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!
Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the
alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s
temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the
following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same
time? […]!
123. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 123
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
List of tasks
Observe the configuration of the product.!
Which applications are currently active?!
Tomorrow’s meeting has been canceled. Has the
alarm time been modified?!
It is time to wake up. What will be today’s
temperature?!
Configure the product in a way that only the
following applications are active: […]!
Can the following applications run at the same
time? […]!
124. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 124
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
22 - 46 years old (m=33,28; σ=7,78)
Researchers, PhD students and interns from Bell Labs
21! min!20!
User panel
and procedure
min!15!+!
(evaluation
+ interview)!
128. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 128
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
The embodiment of applications allows
for direct interaction to be shaped
129. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 129
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
The embodiment of applications allows
for direct interaction to be shaped
The modular structure of products!
reflects the dynamic aspect of
applications
130. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 130
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Analysis
The embodiment of applications allows
for direct interaction to be shaped
Products still lack feedback
The modular structure of products!
reflects the dynamic aspect of
applications
131. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 131
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
Products
132. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 132
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Products
Research question #2!
1) Product design!
Operationalization!
Design principles!
2) Experiments!
3) Revised principles!
State of the art!
144. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 144
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
When applications define
the structure of products
Augmented product
Composeable product
G: goal!
F: functions!
C: behavior!
S: structure!
G!
F!
B!
S F
B!
S!
G!
F
B!
G! G G
F
B
S
F
B
S
FBS!FBS! FB!
Sx!
SECONDPHASE!FIRSTPHASE!
147. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 147
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
§ Each chapter describes a step!
of the research process.!
!
§ Situating my pratice!
in existing theorical frameworks.!
!
§ An opportunity to share !
intuitions and propositions.!
!
§ A choice to raise questions, explore and
discuss perspectives.!
Thesis
148. PIERRICK THEBAULT _ 31/05/2013 148
PRODUCT-ORIENTED APPLICATIONS AUGMENTED PRODUCTS PERSPECTIVES PAPERSCONTEXT & APPROACH
Papers
Workshop on
Interacting with !
Smart Objects!
Transactions !
on Interactive !
Intelligent Systems!
Workshop on !
the Web of Things !
Embodying services into physical places: !
towards the design of a mobile environment browser!
Pierrick Thébault, Dominique Decotter, Mathieu Boussard, Monique Lu!
EnvB: An Environment-based Mobile Browser !
for the Web of Things!
Pierrick Thébault, Mathieu Boussard, Monique Lu, Cédric Mivielle,
Simon Richir!
!
Towards the Design of Intelligible Object-based applications
for the Web of Things!
Pierrick Thébault, Dominique Decotter, Simon Richir!
International Journal !
of Design and
Innovation Research!
IJODIR
Designing for the Ubiquitous Computing era: towards the
reinvention of everyday objects and the creation of new user
experiences!
Pierrick Thébault, David Bihanic, Henri Samier, Simon Richir!
!
Virtual Reality !
International
Conference!
The bridge between physical and digital worlds:
implications for the design of Internet-enabled products!
Pierrick Thébault, David Bihanic, Henri Samier, Simon Richir,!
150. models and principles for the !
design of augmented products
Pierrick Thébault!
Designing for the!
Internet of Things:!
LABORATOIRE ARTS ET METIERS PARISTECH D’ANGERS (LAMPA) - EQUIPE PRESENCE & INNOVATION
Thesis supervisor: Simon RICHIR!
Co-supervisors: Henri SAMIER, David BIHANIC, Frédérique PAIN!
& ALCATEL-LUCENT – BELL LABS FRANCE