2. OVERVIEW
๏ต Introduction
๏ต Definition
๏ต Aims & Objectives
๏ต Types of drug use information
๏ต Targets
๏ต Tools used
๏ต DUE
๏ต Sources of data on DU
๏ต Future perspectives.
3. INTRODUCTION
๏ต Developed in mid 1960s in Northern Europe & UK.
๏ต Pioneering work by Arthur Engel in Sweden & Pieter
Siderius in Holland.
๏ต Ultimate goal was to assess rational drug therapy.
4. DEFINITION
โthe marketing , distribution , prescription , and
the use of drugs in a society with special emphasis
on the resulting medical , social and economic
consequencesโ.
5. AIMS & OBJECTIVES
Description of drug
use patterns
Early signals of
irrational drug use
Interventions to
improve drug use
Quality control of
drug use
6. Description of drug use patterns
๏ต Estimating the no: of patients exposed to drugs in a given time period.
๏ต Extent of drug use at a certain moment and/or certain area.
๏ต Extent of drug usage โ proper/overuse/underuse
๏ต Drug use profile โ assessing alternative drugs.
๏ต Comparing observed patterns of drug use to current guide lines.
๏ต Feed back to prescribers on DU data.
๏ต Relating the no: of case reports about adverse effects to the no: of pts
exposed to assess the magnitude of the problem.
7. Early signals of IRRATIONAL DRUG
USE
๏ต Helps to generate hypotheses for further drug
investigations.
๏ต Comparing drug utilization patterns and costs b/w
different regions or time periods.
๏ต Comparing observed patterns of drug use to current
recommendations/guidelines.
8. Interventions to improve drug
use
๏ต Monitoring and evaluating the improvement
measures- information campaigns , regulatory
policies.
๏ต Following the impact of regulatory changes /
changes in insurance/reimbursement systems.
๏ต Assessing promotional activities of pharmaceutical
industry, educational activities of societyโs impact on
pattern of drug use.
9. Quality control of drug use
PLAN
Analyse current situation to
establish a plan for
improvemen
DO
Implement plan on a small
scale
CHECK
Check for the expected results
ACT
Revise or implement plan on
large scale
10. Types of drug information
๏ต Drug based information
๏ต Problem or encounter-based information
๏ต Patient information
๏ต Prescriber information
11. TARGETS
๏ต Systems and structures surrounding drug use
๏ต Processes of drug use
๏ต Outcomes of drug use
TYPES
๏ต Quantitative
๏ต Qualitative
1. Cross-sectional study
2. Longitudinal
3. Continuous longitudinal
12. TOOLS USED
๏ต WHOโs drug use indicators
๏ต Drug classification systems
๏ต Defined daily systems
13. Drug Utilization Evaluation
๏ต OBJECTIVES
1. Ensuring current drug therapy
2. Controlling drug cost
3. Preventing problem related to medication
4. Evaluating the effectiveness of drug therapy
5. Identification of areas of practice that require further
education of practitioners
15. Sources of data on drug utilization
1. Large data base
2. Data from drug regulatory agencies
3. Supplier/distribution data
4. Practice setting data
a) Prescribing data
b) Dispensing data
c) Aggregate data
d) OTC & Pharmacist-prescribed drugs
e) Telephone & Internet prescribing
5. Community setting data.
16. Future Perspectives
1. Public health โ diff b/w national & international patterns of
drug utilization requires further study.
2. Pharmacovigilance โ DU data can be used to perform
screening pts with โ risk for drug induced illnesses.
3. Pharmacoeconomics โ by adhering to current guidelines ๏
reduce drug expenditure & improve limited resources.
17. 4. Eco pharmacovigilance โ pharmaceuticals are environmental
pollutants ๏ care to be taken to โ environmental impacts
while delivering patient benefit.
5. Pharmacogenetics โ assessing genetic mechanisms related to
drug safety, comparing pts characteristics to the benefit and
risk of drugs.
