2. Index
Introduction to light sources
History of artificial light types
Evolution of light
Basic types of lighting
What Kind of lighting used in different areas
-Process of light used
How are we Achieving the light
Conclusion
2
5. What is Artificial lighting?
Man made lighting
For human to function properly
Kitchen area
5
All artificial light can be turned on
and off with a switch.
9. History of artificial light types
1. Incandescent light
Filament heated by an electric
current produces light rays
Less energy efficient
Thomas Alva Edison invented
the first electric light bulbs in
1879AD
9
10. History of artificial light types
1. Incandescent light
Contains nitrogen or argon gas
Tungsten filament with lead wires- burns
when electricity is passed
Also called as tungsten filament bulb
Advantage-light quality and color are
very consistent
Disadvantage- requires lot of energy and
faster degradation of filament leading to
shorter lifespan
10
11. History of artificial light types
2. Fluorescent Lights
low pressure mercury-vapor gas-
discharge lamp that uses fluorescence
to produce visible light.
More Energy efficient than
incandescent light
Peter Cooper Hewitt, Edmund Germer
invented mercury vapor lamp
Firstly, fluorescent tube lights were
invented by and improved in 1934AD
by George inman and Richard thayer
11
12. History of artificial light types
2. Fluorescent Lights
Contains argon/krpton as gas vapor
with phosper coating on the walls of
glass tube
Secondly, CFL( compact fluorescent
lights) were developed in the shape of
incandescent lamps
Edward hammer invented the CFL
bulbs in 1976AD
Advantage: cooler and more energy
efficient than incandescent
Disadvantage: mercury is dangerous- if
bulb is broken, it can present a health
hazard
12
13. History of artificial light types
3. Discharge Lamps
Discharge lamps provide high
luminous efficacy combined with
long life, resulting in the most
economical light source available
Types of gas-discharge
lamps:
A- Low pressure discharge lamps
B- High pressure discharge lamps
13
14. History of artificial light types
4.LED is high intensity discharge lights
LED(light emitting diode) use semi-
conductors to convert electrical energy
directly into light.
Colorful LED indicators were
invented at the time of CFL invention
LED began just as indicator in
calculators, traffic signs, etc.
White LED lights were invented by
Nick Holonyack in 2006
Become most efficient light sources as
it consumes less energy and lifespan
is higher than other
Advantage: colorful lights and highly
efficient
14
15. Types of lighting
1. Ambient lighting:
- Known as general lighting provides
an area with overall illumination
- It can brighten and enhance the
glow of the room
- Such as surface and recessed wall
light and uplight
15
17. Types of lighting
2. Task lighting
- Helps to perform a task such as
reading, cooking food, involving in
any types of important task
- Should be free of distracting glares
and shadows
- Such as CFL, Tube lights are used
Table
lamps
Kitchen
downlightin
g
17
19. Types of lighting
3. Accent lighting
- used to highlight the certain features like
walls and object in the room.
- focal point of the room which draws
attention of people entering the room.
- Such as chandeliers, pendants, table lamps
and some wall lights.
- also considered decorative lighting as it
adds drama and style by highlighting key
objects and focal points in interiors
Table
lamp
A table lamp
casting
interesting
shadow and
light patterns
19
Chandeliers with
decorative wall lights
21. Different Kinds of lighting used in
different areas
Lights can be varied with the need of
the light to that space.
Example places like , in school, in
houses, in office, in theatre, and more.
1. Inside school areas
In school building area, natural and
artificial lights are equally need
Learning spaces like classrooms, labs,
studios, etc. use types Fluorescent
lamps and LED lights rather than
incandescent bulbs
21
22. Different Kinds of lighting used in
different areas
1. Inside school areas
In classroom and hallways general
downlighting can be used
In labs, art rooms and special areas, task
lighting are preferred
Things like dimmers and occupancy
sensors make it possible to use only the
amount of light that’s needed
Illuminate target areas, such as
whiteboards, chalkboards, and
presentation areas.
Hallways and cafeteria design
by AR.Chérine Saroufim Sacy
Making the switch to premier bulbs
and fixtures might demand
considerable upfront effort or
investment, yet it pays off in the end
with lower energy costs and healthier,
more productive students and
educators.
22
23. Different Kinds of lighting used in
different areas
2. Inside house
Incandescent lights were used
Nowadays, CFL and LED lights
are mostly used
General lighting are used in almost
all the place of home
Task lighting are used in the study
room, kitchen areas- free of glare
Accent lighting are used to
decorate the home
Designed by designer
Doris Pearlman
23
24. Different Kinds of lighting used in
different areas
2. Inside house
A decorative chandelier or hanging
foyer fixture can provide
significant illumination -serving as
a beautiful focal point for living
areas.
General downlighting are avoided
and task lighting are used without
glare
24
Designed by designer
Doris Pearlman
25. Types of lighting fixtures and Lighting
layouts
25
Good and bad lighting locations,
causing or avoiding glare
26. How are we Achieving light?
Two types of electrical circuit: series and
parallel
In a series circuit, the current
through each of the components is
the same, and the voltage across
the circuit is the sum of the
voltages across each component.
In a parallel circuit, the voltage
across each of the components is
the same, and the total current is
the sum of the currents through
each component.
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27. How are we Achieving light?
Series connection- if one
connection fail other also fails
Parallel connection- not affected by
any other connection
Industries and houses uses parallel
circuit as it has equal amount of
voltage and sum of current- make
cheap with high voltage
27
28. How are we Achieving light?
Used in most homes
Able to supply ample power for
most smaller customers, including
homes and small, non-industrial
businesses
Adequate for running motors up to
about 5 horsepower
Common in large businesses, as well
as industry and manufacturing
Expensive to convert from an existing
single-phase installation, but 3-phase
allows for smaller, less expensive
wiring and lower voltages, making it
safer and less expensive to run
Highly efficient for equipment
designed to run on 3-phase
28
Single phase power 3- phase power
29. Advantage of three phase power
29
Common method of electric power
transmission
Uses less conductor material to transmit
electric power than equivalent single- phase,
two –phase
30. Single phase line
30
With the
wave form of
single-phase
power, when
the wave
passes
through zero,
the power
supplied at
that moment
is zero.
31. Three phase line
31
3-phase power
has 3 distinct
wave cycles
that overlap.
Each phase
reaches its peak
120 degrees
apart from the
others so the
level of power
supplied
32. Conclusion
32
Natural and artificial lights both are important for daily life
There are different types of artificial light and basic lighting types
Artificial Lighting properties can vary the use of light in different
areas
Achieving light varies with the need of the light
In the end artificial lights are useful in any purpose