This document discusses various types of renewable energy sources including solar, wind, geothermal, hydro, and tidal energy. It provides details on solar energy and how photovoltaic panels work to convert sunlight directly into electricity via the photovoltaic effect. It also describes thin film solar cell technology and the process used to deposit materials to form solar panels. Additionally, it briefly touches on other renewable technologies like wind turbines, nuclear energy, and harvesting energy from natural resources and the environment. The document outlines some advantages and disadvantages of different energy sources.
2. INTRODUCTION
Energy is the power to do works and drive machines.
Energy can’t be made or destroyed, regarding motion,
there are kinetic and potential energy.
Regarding power, there are two main kinds of energy
1. Renewable energy
2. Nonrenewable energy
7. Solar energy
Most renewable energy comes either directly or indirectly from
the sun.
Sunlight, or solar energy, can be used directly for heating and
lighting homes and other buildings, for generating electricity.
Solar radiation is radiant energy emitted by the sun, particularly
electromagnetic energy. About half of the radiation is in the
visible.
Solar technologies are generally classified as Active and
Passive solar energy
8.
9. Definition of photovoltaic
Photo = “light” and photons = “energy”
particles coming from sunlight;
voltaic = producing a voltage or volts.
10. Photovoltaic (PV) Effect
When sunlight is absorbed by the materials, the solar energy
knocks electrons loose from their atoms, allowing the electrons to
flow through the material to produce electricity.
Several connected PV arrays can provide enough power for a
household; for large electric utility or industrial applications,
hundreds of arrays can be interconnected to form a single, large
PV system.
11. PHOTOVOLTAIC SOLAR PANALS
It convert sunlight directly into electricity.
It consists of several connected 0.6-V dc PV cells, which are made out of a
semiconducting material sandwiched between two metallic electrodes.
The photovoltaic effect refers to the separation of minority carriers [electrons and
holes] by a built-in electric field, such as a PN-junction or Schottky barrier.
Thin-film crystalline-silicon solar cells consist of layers about 10 µm thick compared
with 200- to 300-µm layers for crystalline-silicon cells.
12. Thin film technology
Thin-film crystalline-silicon solar cells
consist of layers about 10 µm thick
compared with 200- to 300-µm layers
for crystalline-silicon cells.
Advanced Energy provides highly
reliable power conversion and control
solutions to thin films manufacturing
companies around the world.
13. Copper and indium are deposited by magnetron sputtering, followed by selenization to
form the high-absorbing ptype semiconductor cuinse2, which is combined with an n-
type electrode of zno to create thin-film solar modules
A=Barrier/Mo deposition
B= Laser patterning
C=Cu/In/Se deposition
D=Heat treatment 500°C
E=Chemical deposition 60°C
F=Patterning
G=2nd deposition 200°C
H=Patterning
I=Contacts/lamination
14. Wind power
It converting wind energy into
electricity by using wind turbines.
Wind comes from atmospheric changes;
changes in temperature and pressure
makes the air move around the surface
of the earth. A wind turbine captures the
wind to produce energy.
It create power without using fossil
fuels, without producing greenhouse
gases or radioactive or toxic waste.
Wind power is one of the best ways to
combat global warming.
15.
16. Nuclear Energy
It is produced by a nuclear reaction
when the splitting or fusion of atoms
occurs.
Nuclear fuel does not produce
greenhouse gases, so will not
contribute to global warming. There is
a relatively long-lasting supply of
raw material.
The main issues that come up with
nuclear energy are the safety
17.
18. Free Energy/Radiant Energy
It is the energy of electromagnetic waves.
The oceans and other waters of the world cover
over 70% of the Earth’s surface.
Free Energy device/method would draw
additional power from the sea of Universal
Energy in which all matter is carried, and it is
thought that such a device would produce more
energy than is used to run it, also known as
Over unity.
Constantly moving, which allows many waters
19. SQUIDS/OCEAN RADIENT ENERGY
It has an inflatable absorber
similar to a large balloon
which fills with sea water.
Sitting just under the surface,
the absorber is moved by
passing waves and the energy
from this motion drives a
generator to produce
electricity.
Scotland's leading marine
energy test centre has opened
20. MEMS & Nanotechnology
Ultra low power electronics – MCUs, RTCs, DSPs
Smart devices in everything,
Sensors everywhere for data capture and analysis,
Wireless is pervasive,
Miniaturization,
Integration,
High Reliability,
Eco-friendly solutions,
Renewable energy sources,
Reduced life cycle costs.
23. Renewable energy from natural resources
Synthetic solar cells created on tobacco plants
Generating energy from evaporation on a leaf
Electricity from bacteria and grass clippings
Generating energy from trees to power sensors
Virus Battery
Energy from Cactus
Living Batteries
Frog-inspired technology to generate biofuel using artificial
photosynthesis
Harvesting energy from Spinach
Energy to run LEDs harvested from trees
24.
25. Advantages & disadvantages of nuclear energy
Advantages Disadvantages
Nuclear power costs It is very, very dangerous.
about the same as coal, It must be sealed up and
so it's not expensive to buried for many
make. thousands of years to
Does not produce smoke allow the radioactivity to
or carbon dioxide, so it die away.
does not contribute to For all that time it must
the greenhouse effect. be kept safe from
Produces huge amounts earthquakes, flooding,
of energy from small terrorists and everything
else.
26. Advantages and Disadvantages of
Non-renewable Resources
ADVANTAGES
It provide United States with electricity, gasoline and heat in the
future.
Oil, petroleum, natural gas, coal and uranium, are some of the
primary sources of fuel used to provide power and heat to many
industrial, commercial and residential consumers
DISADVANTAGES
Limited sources of energy
27.
28. Saving Energy Quality
Excellence
Reliability
Saving Money Range
Support and Service
Saving the Cost-effective
Environment Efficient
Clean and sustainable
30. Renewable energy technologies can help contribute
to a clean and secure energy future for our nation
and the world
As an electricity provider
As a farmer or rancher
As a homeowner
As a small business owner
31.
32. our earth.
We have to make a balance
between energy consumption and
environment protection.
We have to make more efforts to
ensure that the world’s resources
are to be used in a sustainable
energy.