Psychological Foundations of Education

3. Albert Bandura became
the best-known advocate
of social learning theory.
He postulates that one
learns with other people
in the social environment
in which he lives.
He stresses the process of
learning through
observation learning and
vicarious conditioning.
Observational learning-
learning by watching or
observing other people’s
behavior.
Vicarious conditioning-
learning by way of seeing
directly or by hiring about
consequences as a result of
other people’s action.
Four Learning Mechanisms in
Obsevational Learning:
• Attention
• Retention
• Motivation
• Reinforcement

4. John Watson argued that
any science of behavior
must be based on
observable events known
as behaviorism
Classical conditioning is
learning that involves
the modification of a
reflex; the conditioning
stimulus, which is
neutral at the start,
eventually initiates the
same behavioral
responses as the
unconditioned stimulus
(reflex reaction).

5. A key concept in Burrhus
Frederic Skinner’s system
is the process of operant
conditioning.
Operant conditioning is
a process of learning in
which reinforced
behaviors tend to be
repeated and occur
more frequently.Reinforcement is the
process by which a
stimulus increases the
probability that a
preceding behavior will
be repeated.
Basic Principles of Operant
Conditioning:
• Positive reinforcement
(reward)
• Negative reinforcement
(punishment)

6. Using a variety of
pedagogies
Encouraging
student
responsibility
Having mastery of
subject matter
Providing safe
environment
Monitoring progress
and providing
feedback
Building positive
relationships
Effective Teaching

7. Bilingualism is the person’s
ability to speak or write
fluently in two languages.
Bilingualism is
distinguished into two:
• Productive Bilingualism
• Receptive Bilingualism
Two Major Patterns in
Bilingual Language
Acquisition:
• Simultaneous bilingualism
• Sequential bilingualism

8. Bialystok, E. & Hakuta, K., 1994. In Other Words: the Science and Psychology of Second Language Acquisition.
New York: Harper Collins.
Fierro-Cobas, V. & Chan, E., 2001. Language Development in Bilingual Children: A Primer for Pediatricians.
[Online]
Available at: http://courses.washington.edu/sop/Bilingualism_PrimerPediatricians.pdf
[Accessed 12 August 2013].
Limpingco, D. A. & Tria, G. E., 1999. Personality. 2nd ed. Quezon City: Ken Inc..
Magpantay, C. D. & Danao, R. R., 2014. General Psychology. Rizal: Jenher Publishing House.
O'Niel, S., n.d. Department of Education and Training. [Online]
Available at: file:///C:/Users/user/Downloads/Effective%20Teaching.pdf
[Accessed 9 August 2014].
Owens, K. B., 2006. Child and Adolescent Development: An Integrated Approach. Singapore: Thomson -
Wadsworth.
Zulueta, F. M. & Maglaya, E. M., 2012. Foundations of Education. Mandaluyong City: National Book Store.