Docker and other container technologies offer the promise of improved productivity and portability. Kubernetes is one of the leading cluster management systems for Docker and powers the Google Container Engine managed service. -A review of key Linux container concepts -The role of Kubernetes in deploying Docker-based applications -Primer on Google Container Service -How RightScale works with containers and clusters

1. A PRIMER ON KUBERNETES AND
GOOGLE CONTAINER ENGINE

2. Panelists
• Preston Holmes
• Senior Cloud Solution Architect, Google
• Ryan O’Leary
• Senior Product Manager

3. POLLS
2

4. Agenda
• Linux container concepts
• The Role of Kubernetes
• Primer on Google Container Engine
• How RightScale works with containers and clusters

5. PRIMER ON KUBERNETES AND
GOOGLE CONTAINER ENGINE
4

6. Containers at Google
A Primer on Kubernetes and Google Container Engine
Preston Holmes
Solution Architect
@ptone

7. “Google is living a few years in the future and sending the rest of us messages”
Doug Cutting - Hadoop Co-Creator

8. Late 1990’sEarly 2000’s

9. A datacenter is not a collection of computers,
a datacenter is a computer.

10. VMs vs. Containers
Physical Processor
Virtual Processor
Operating System
Libraries
User Code Private
Copy
Shared
Virtual Machines
Physical Processor
Virtual Processor
Operating System
Libraries
User Code
Containers
ISA
syscall
Containers: less overhead, enable more “magic”

11. Google has been developing
and using containers to
manage our applications for
over 10 years.
Images by Connie
Zhou

12. 2004 2006 2013 2014
Limited
isolation
Released
CGroups
Released
LMCTFY
Kubernetes
Google and containers
Containers
Google and container technology

13. Containers at Google
Developed as only practical way to
manage Google-scale compute
Everything at Google runs in a
container

14. Containers at Google
Developed as only practical way to
manage Google-scale compute
Everything at Google runs in a
container
We launch over
2 Billion
containers per
week.

15. What is Docker?
• An implementation of the container idea
• A package format
• Resource isolation (via libcontainer)
• An ecosystem
• A company
Hoorah! The world is starting to adopt containers!

16. Containers need management

17. More than just packing and isolation
Scheduling: Where should my containers run?
Lifecycle and health: Keep my containers running despite failures
Discovery: Where are my containers now?
Monitoring: What’s happening with my containers?
Auth{n,z}: Control who can do things to my containers
Aggregates: Compose sets of containers into jobs
Scaling: Making jobs bigger or smaller

18. •Kubernetes

19. •Kubernetes
(brought to you by the team that brought you Borg)

20. •Kubernetes
(brought to you by the team that brought you Borg)
(and hundreds more contributors)

21. Kubernetes is Owned By Everyone
Open-source container orchestration
Broad industry support
Supports multi-cloud, on-prem VM, bare metal
Kubernetes

22. Kubernetes is Owned By Everyone
Open-source container orchestration
Broad industry support
Supports multi-cloud, on-prem VM, bare metal
Kubernetes

23. An Amazing Community
● Fastest growing orchestrator
○ around 200 pull requests per week ...
○ from 400+ contributors
● Most all design discussion happens in open on IRC channel
•Kubernetes is a universal deployment target

24. Real World Adoption
● Use Kubernetes to simplify shipping software:
● Use Kubernetes in high scale environments -
● Extend Kubernetes to new powerful scenarios - Samsung

25. Kubernetes Architecture
etcd API
Server
Scheduler
Controller Manager
Kubelet
Service Proxy
kubectl,
ajax, etc

26. users master nodes
A 50000 foot view
CLI
apiserver
kubelet
kubelet
kubelet
scheduler

27. A 50000 foot view
apiserver
kubelet
kubelet
kubelet
scheduler
Run X
Replicas = 2
Memory = 4Gi
CPU = 2.5

28. A 50000 foot view
apiserver
kubelet
kubelet
kubelet
scheduler
Which nodes
for X ?

29. A 50000 foot view
apiserver
kubelet
kubelet
kubelet
scheduler

30. A 50000 foot view
apiserver
kubelet
kubelet
kubelet
scheduler
Registry
pull X
pull X

31. A 50000 foot view
apiserver
kubelet
kubelet
kubelet
scheduler
X
X

32. A 50000 foot view
apiserver
kubelet
kubelet
kubelet
scheduler
X
X
GET X

33. A 50000 foot view
apiserver
kubelet
kubelet
kubelet
scheduler
X
X
Status X

34. All you really care about
Run X
Master
Container
Cluster
X
X
Status X

35. Primary concepts
Container: A sealed application package (Docker)
Pod: A small group of tightly coupled Containers
Labels: Identifying metadata attached to objects
Selector: A query against labels, producing a set result
Controller: A reconciliation loop that drives current state towards desired
state
Service: A set of pods that work together

36. Kubernetes Concepts: Pods
Container Foo
Namespaces
- Net
- IPC
- ..
Container Bar

37. Kubernetes Concepts: Pods
Container Foo
Container Bar
Namespaces
- Net
- IPC
- ..
Networking

38. Kubernetes Concepts: Pods
Container Foo
Container Bar
Namespaces
- Net
- IPC
- ..
Volumes

39. Container Foo
Container Bar
Namespaces
- Net
- IPC
- ..
Kubernetes Concepts: Pods
Labels

40. Nginx Git Syncher
Pod Example

41. Node.JS Git Syncher
Pod Example

42. WebApp Twemproxy
Pod Example
localhost

43. Search Index Shard Loader
Pod Example
Shared
Memory

44. Kubernetes Concepts: Labels
frontend
production
production
backend
production
backend
QA
testing

45. Kubernetes Concepts: Labels
frontend
production
production
backend
production
backend
QA
testing
stage: production

46. Kubernetes Concepts: Labels
frontend
production
production
backend
production
backend
QA
testing
stage: production
role: backend

47. Reconciliation

48. Reconciliation
pods:
- foo
- bar
pods:
- foo
Create

49. Reconciliation
pods:
- foo
- bar
pods:
- foocreate “bar”
Create

50. Reconciliation
pods:
- foo
- bar
pods:
- foo
Health Check

51. Reconciliation
pods:
- foo
pods:
- foo
- bar
Delete

52. Reconciliation
pods:
- foo
pods:
- foo
- bar
Delete
delete “bar”

53. Kubernetes Concepts: Replication Controller
production
backend
production
backendproduction
backend
#N

54. Kubernetes Concepts: Services
production
backend
production
backend
production
backend
port(s
)
name
1.2.3.4
“name”

55. Google Container Engine
- Inspired by a decade within Google
- Re-imagines Cluster computing
- Designed for a multi-cloud world
Photo by Connie Zhou

56. Run and manage an optimized cluster
Kubernetes
Open Source
Workload
API & Tools
Google Container Engine (GKE)
Google Container Engine
Kubernetes
● Growing Community
● Linux containers support
● Open source orchestration
• Container Engine
● Provisioned cluster in
seconds
● Optimized cluster
environment
● Runs and manages
Kubernetes
create and manage
GKE
Master GKE Nodes
Compute
Engine
VMs

57. Questions?
http://kubernetes.io/
#google-containers
google-containers@googlegroups.com
github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
cloud.google.com/container-engine

58. RightScale and Containers
Self-Service Cloud Analytics
RightScale Cloud Portfolio Management
Cloud Management
Design
Virtualized
Environments
Public
Clouds
Other
Services
Private
Clouds
Automate
Multi-Cloud Orchestration & Governance
OperateDeploy Report Optimize
57
Container
Cluster
Bare
Metal

59. Automating Cluster Deployments
58
Master
Nodes
Pod A Pod B
DNS
Configure a cluster:
Cloud Application Template (CAT)
Deployment on any cloud/virtual
End-user configurable
Managed by IT
Configure components:
• Master
• Nodes
• Pods
• Containers
• External services (DNS, etc)

60. Q&A
Google/Kubernetes
http://kubernetes.io/
#google-containers
google-containers@googlegroups.com
github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/kubernetes
cloud.google.com/container-engine
RightScale
Webinar on how RightScale does Docker in Production
http://www.rightscale.com/docker-webinar

61. THANK YOU.