1. Copyright © 2008 by Allyn and Bacon 1

2. “All great speakers
were bad speakers at
first.”
Ralph Waldo Emerson
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3. Qualities of Effective Speakers
 Ethics
 Knowledge
 Preparation
 Self-Confidence
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4. Ethics: Avoiding Plagiarism
 Use more than one source for speech
 Use a variety of sources
 Avoid using language identical to original
author
 Cite sources prior to quoting a source
 Always identify your sources
 Give credit to originator of ideas
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5. Symptoms of Speech Anxiety
 Vocal changes
 Fluency problems
 Dryness in mouth and throat
 Tense facial expressions
 Random gestures
 Body movements
 Nonvisible symptoms
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6. What Causes Speech Anxiety?
FEAR?
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7. Treating Speech Anxiety
 Select a topic you enjoy and know.
 Be prepared and know your audience.
 Be confident.
 Think positively.
 Practice, practice, practice.
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8. Additional Tips for Controlling
Speech Anxiety
 Talk with instructor for additional help.
 Don’t give up!
 Practice relaxation techniques -
systematic desensitization.
 Realize that everyone feels this way.
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9. How Do You Deliver
a Winning Speech?
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10. Methods of Delivery
Choose an appropriate method:
 Impromptu Delivery
 Manuscript Delivery
 Memorized Delivery
 Extemporaneous Delivery
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11. How do vocal and physical
aspects affect delivery?
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12. Vocal Aspects
 Vocal quality
 Intelligibility
 Vocal variety
• Rate
• Force
• Pitch
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13. Physical Aspects
 Personal appearance
 Body movement
 Gestures
 Facial expressions
e
 Eye contact
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14. What Are Some Distracting
Speaker Behaviors?
 rapid speech  tense, rigid
 monotone  sloppy posture
 mumbling  swaying
 awkward pauses  dancing
 leaning on
 hands in pockets
podium
 playing with hair  weight shifts
 looking at floor or  crossing legs
ceiling
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15. Polishing Your Delivery
 Practice, practice, practice!
 Learn your speech.
 Start learning small pieces first, then practice
the entire speech.
 Practice in the room in which you will speak.
 Practice alone, then with people.
 Focus on what you’re saying and to whom.
 Be yourself!
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16. What are your strengths
and weaknesses as a
speaker?
What are you hoping to
improve upon?
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17. Copyright © 2008 by Allyn and Bacon 17