Pres

1. Linked (Open) Data
But what does it buy me?
Rinke Hoekstra
VU University Amsterdam/University of Amsterdam
rinke.hoekstra@vu.nl
Linked (Open) Data - But what does it buy me? by Rinke Hoekstra
Licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License.
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3. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ga1aSJXCFe0
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4. maandag 11 maart 13

5. http://www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_the_year_open_data_went_worldwide.html
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6. Linked Open Data
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7. Linked Open Data
Texts taken from http://5stardata.info
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8. Why people go “Meh”
• Data needs to be converted to RDF
• Data needs to be published on the Web
• An open license is required even for a single ★
Pacific Barreleye, http://imgur.com/gallery/Mzyb5
(can rotate its eyes forwards or upwards to look through the transparent head to prey above)
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9. Why people go “Meh”
What if people draw incorrect
conclusions from my data?
• Data needs to be converted to RDF
• Data needs to be published on the Web
• An open license is required even for a single ★
Pacific Barreleye, http://imgur.com/gallery/Mzyb5
(can rotate its eyes forwards or upwards to look through the transparent head to prey above)
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10. Why people go “Meh”
What if if people draw incorrect
What journalists draw incorrect
conclusions from my data?
• Data needs to be converted to RDF
• Data needs to be published on the Web
• An open license is required even for a single ★
Pacific Barreleye, http://imgur.com/gallery/Mzyb5
(can rotate its eyes forwards or upwards to look through the transparent head to prey above)
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11. Why people go “Meh”
What if if people draw incorrect
What journalists draw incorrect
conclusions from my data?
• Data needs to be converted to RDF
• Data needs to be published on the Web
• An open license is required even for a single ★
What if combining data results in
privacy infringement?
Pacific Barreleye, http://imgur.com/gallery/Mzyb5
(can rotate its eyes forwards or upwards to look through the transparent head to prey above)
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12. ... but LOD is just asking for more!
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13. ... how can I sell this internally?
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14. maandag 11 maart 13

15. Linked Open Data
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16. Repeatable Transformation
The missing ★ Choose your Grain Size
Linked Data
Six Ingredients
Contextualize!
Mix ‘n Mash
Lower the Threshold
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17. 1 The missing ★
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18. 1 The missing ★
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19. 1 The missing ★
Version information Guessable
http://give.everything/a/URI
Version agnostic
HTTPs URIs only please!
(or resolver + URN)
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20. Messy Data
http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBIdService/BWBIdList.xml.zip
NB: The problem with the XML processing instruction was reported and fixed, but returned some weeks later
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21. Example: Juriconnect
1.0:c:BWBR0005416&artikel=6
vs
http://wetten.overheid.nl/cgi-bin/deeplink/law1/bwbid=BWBR0005416/article=6/date=2005-01-14
vs
http://wetten.overheid.nl/BWBR0005416/TitelII698946/HoofdstukII/Artikel16/geldigheidsdatum_14-01-2005
• Existing identification standard: Juriconnect
• URN-like... but no naming server
cf. Document Object Identifiers
• Named elements do not carry identifier
• No explicit version information, only contextual
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22. Levels of Identification
Bibliographic
Work
Entity
•
realizes
IFLA FRBR levels Expression
•
embodies
Work Manifestation
• Expression Item
exemplifies
• Manifestation
XML version of
regulation on
XML version of Version of
Regulation
regulation regulation
my harddisk
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23. Transparent = Guessable
• Hierarchical information (work)
http://doc.metalex.eu/id/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/1
http://doc.metalex.eu/id/BWBR0011823/artikel/1
• Version and language (expression)
http://doc.metalex.eu/id/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/1/nl/2010-09-01
• Format information (manifestation)
http://doc.metalex.eu/doc/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/1/nl/2010-09-01/data.xml
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24. Versioning Issues
• URIs don’t carry semantics...
• Detect changes:
• which element versions are the same
• ... and which versions are different?
Art. 44, lid 4
(2011-03-26)
Art. 44, lid 4
(2011-04-05)
From: Besluit prudentiële regels Wft, BWBR0020420
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25. Opaque Identifiers
http://doc.metalex.eu/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/34b0cee26ee5138c74aa2c62caf2c117d3c616e9
vermogen van de erflater
dcterms:subject
SW SW
Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10 Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10
2011-01-01 2011-10-12
owl:sameAs
SHA1
8738ef273ea4dbc73
• Content information
• Unique SHA1 Hash of text
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26. Opaque Identifiers
http://doc.metalex.eu/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/34b0cee26ee5138c74aa2c62caf2c117d3c616e9
vermogen van de erflater
dcterms:subject
SW SW
Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10 Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10
2011-01-01 2011-10-12
owl:sameAs owl:sameAs
SHA1
8738ef273ea4dbc73
• Content information
• Unique SHA1 Hash of text
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27. Opaque Identifiers
http://doc.metalex.eu/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/34b0cee26ee5138c74aa2c62caf2c117d3c616e9
vermogen van de erflater
dcterms:subject dcterms:subject
SW SW
Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10 owl:sameAs Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10
2011-01-01 2011-10-12
owl:sameAs owl:sameAs
SHA1
8738ef273ea4dbc73
• Content information
• Unique SHA1 Hash of text
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28. Opaque Identifiers
http://doc.metalex.eu/BWBR0011823/hoofdstuk/1/artikel/34b0cee26ee5138c74aa2c62caf2c117d3c616e9
vermogen van de erflater
dcterms:subject
SW SW
Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10 Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10
2011-01-01 2011-10-12
owl:sameAs owl:sameAs
SHA1 SHA1
8738ef273ea4dbc73 a433f53273c78a56f2
• Content information
• Unique SHA1 Hash of text
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29. Network Analysis
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30. 2
Repeatable Transformation
Transformation should be part of routine ...
... manageable and scalable ...
... repeatable ...
http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/
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31. 2
Repeatable Transformation
Linked Data will not be the official source anytime soon
Provenance is key
Transformation should be part of routine ...
... manageable and scalable ...
... repeatable ...
http://www.w3.org/TR/prov-overview/
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32. maandag 11 maart 13

33. LODStats
http://stats.lod2.eu
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34. 40.745.554.078 Triples!
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35. 40.745.554.078 Triples!
(1.6 Billion)
(I tried to check the latest figures, but http://stats.lod2.eu was down)
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36. 3
Choose your Grain Size
• The document is the
traditional grain size
(dublin core)
• Linked data allows for
deep links into data
• Cost versus usefulness
• Are you the right party to provide detailed descriptions?
http://creatingandeducating.blogspot.nl/2011/11/blog-post.html
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37. Report Card Categories
Report Card Cate
RDF Report Card
Low Detail High Detail
Structure
Metadata
Scope Internals
RDF Report Card by Leigh Dodds, talk at Semtech Biz London, 2011, http://slideshare.net/ldodds
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38. 4
Mix ‘n Mash
• Multiple vocabularies won’t bite
• Multiple identifiers won’t bite
• Choose what’s useful for you...
• ... then map to others!
Image © David Sykes 2009 All rights reserved
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39. 4
Mix ‘n Mash
• Multiple vocabularies won’t bite
• Multiple identifiers won’t bite
• Choose what’s useful for you...
• ... then map to others!
Good News: the bulk has already been done for you!
Image © David Sykes 2009 All rights reserved
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40. Semantically-Interlinked
Online Communities
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41. Semantically-Interlinked
Online Communities
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42. Example: Provenance
The date at which the expression was created
"2009-10-23"^^xsd:date time:Instant ml:Date sem:Time
rdf:value
sem:hasTimeStamp rdf:type
rdf:type sem:timeType
time:inXSDDateTime rdf:type
opmv:Process http://doc.metalex.eu/id/date/2009-10-23 sem:Event ml:LegislativeModification
sem:hasTime rdf:type
rdf:type time:hasEnd rdf:type
ml:date sem:eventType The creation event of the regulation
http://doc.metalex.eu/id/process/BWBR0017869/2009-10-23 http://doc.metalex.eu/id/event/BWBR0017869/2009-10-23 opmv:Artifact
opmv:wasGeneratedAt
The process that generated the expression ml:resultOf
rdf:type ml:BibliographicExpression
opmv:wasGeneratedBy
rdf:type
http://doc.metalex.eu/id/BWBR0017869/2009-10-23
The expression (version) URI of a regulation
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43. 5
Contextualize!
• Information is not always compatible
• Make explicit in which context the information holds ...
• ... and who stated the information, why and how.
Flat Earth and Square Earth idea courtesy of Szymon Klarman
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44. <http://example.com/workbook1/sheet1> <http://example.com/workbook1/sheet1/corrected> provo:Activity
rdf:type
:curation20120126
"1"^^xsd:int "11"^^xsd:int
provo:wasGeneratedBy provo:hadAgent
provo:startedAt
d2s:populationSize d2s:populationSize provo:endedAt
"1889"^^xsd:int :RinkeHoekstra
d2s:censusYear
_:x
d2s:birthYears
:1875--1874 _:b _:a
d2s:gemeente
d2s:dimension d2s:ageGroup
time:inXSDDateTime time:inXSDDateTime
:Assendelft
:14--15_1875--1874 :14-15
"20120126T09:00:00" "20120126T08:30:00"
• Namespaces don’t mean anything
• Use named graphs to compartmentalize metadata
• Add provenance information about groups of statements
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45. Compliance
Regulation A Art 12 Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin
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46. Compliance
start
State Name
entry/action
do/activity action
State
exit/action
event/action(arguments)
end
Regulation A Art 12 Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin
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47. Compliance
start
State Name
entry/action
do/activity action
State
exit/action
event/action(arguments)
end
Regulation A Art 12 Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin
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48. Compliance
start
State Name
entry/action
do/activity action
State
exit/action
event/action(arguments)
end
Regulation A Art 12 Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin
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49. Compliance
start
State Name
entry/action
do/activity action
State
exit/action
event/action(arguments)
end
Regulation A Art 12 Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin
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50. Compliance
start
State Name
entry/action
do/activity action
State
exit/action
event/action(arguments)
end
Regulation A Art 12 Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin
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51. Compliance
start
State Name
entry/action
do/activity action
State
exit/action
event/action(arguments)
end
Regulation A Art 12 Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin Art 14, lid 3, 2e volzin
(01-01-2011) (04-02-2011) (11-06-2008) (01-07-2011)
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52. Contextual Annotation
vermogen van de erflater
Successiewet
dcterms:subject Successiewet
vermogen van de erflater
SW Hoofdstuk I SW
dcterms:subject
vermogen van de erflater Hoofdstuk I
SW Artikel 10 SW
dcterms:subject
vermogen van de erflater Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10
SW
SW Art. 10, zin 1 Hoofdstuk I, Artikel 10
dcterms:subject
vermogen van de erflater Zin 1
No nice background because Google Image search only returned boring images
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53. 6
Lower the Threshold
• Integrate Linked Data production into everyday tools
• Allow tools to do the work for you
• Use a built-in reward model
Image courtesy of http://themaisonette.net
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54. 6
Lower the Threshold
Linked Data allows you to trace usage!
• Integrate Linked Data production into everyday tools
• Allow tools to do the work for you
• Use a built-in reward model
Image courtesy of http://themaisonette.net
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55. Wrap Legacy Systems
http://www.w3.org/TR/r2rml/
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57. Idea: use reward mechanisms of Web 2.0
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58. • Lightweight Web Application
• Interface to API of existing data repositories
• Enrich metadata by linking to Linked Data resources
• Provide annotation services for data files
• Plugin based architecture http://linkitup.data2semantics.org
• Publish RDF metadata as new data publication
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59. recoprov
Reconstruct provenance using
Dropbox file edit history
19
7 5
8 14
11 9 13
4 16 1 22
17 12
2 0
23
3 18 6
10 15 20
21 24
Sara Magliacane and Paul Groth
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60. plsheet
How are results calculated (1)?
Analyse dependencies between Automatic analyis of workflow in spreadsheets
cells in complex spreadsheets
Martine de Vos, Jan Wielemaker and Willem van Hage
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61. plsheet


 
   
 
   
 


  
  





 Reconstruct and explain the
workflow of computations


Martine de Vos, Jan Wielemaker and Willem van Hage
maandag 11 maart 13

62. TabLinker
Semi-automatic RDF converter for
eccentric spreadsheets
Albert Merono-Penuela, Rinke Hoekstra, http://www.cedar-project.nl
Laurens Rietveld, Christophe Gueret
maandag 11 maart 13

63. TabLinker
Semi-automatic RDF converter for
eccentric spreadsheets
Albert Merono-Penuela, Rinke Hoekstra, http://www.cedar-project.nl
Laurens Rietveld, Christophe Gueret
maandag 11 maart 13

64. Repeatable Transformation
The missing ★ Choose your Grain Size
Linked Data
Six Ingredients
Contextualize!
Mix ‘n Mash
Lower the Threshold
maandag 11 maart 13

65. Repeatable Transformation
The missing ★ Choose your Grain Size
Linked Open Data
... be sure to use it internally too!
Contextualize!
Mix ‘n Mash
Lower the Threshold
maandag 11 maart 13