1. Aa
..
UNITS 1 & 2
1ESO
IES Camilo José Cela
Teacher: Rocío Bautista

2.  Blue planet  mostly water
 Equator  imaginary lines, divides the Earth
in 2 equal parts or hemispheres.
Which
hemisphere has
more land?
Which
hemisphere has
more water?

3.  The Earth is part of the Solar System.
Why is life on Earth possible?

4.  Life on Earth is possible due to:
 Atmosphere
 Water
 Moderate temperature

6. We use a system of imaginary lines (meridians & parallels)
that form a grid that enables us to locate any point on Earth
by using geographic coordinates.

7.  Imaginary lines that go from pole
to pole. The main meridian
(meridian 0º) is the Greenwich
meridian, and it’s used to calculate
the longitude.
 Longitude: distance measured in
degrees from any point to the
Greenwich meridian. It varies from
0º to 180º either East or West
from the Greenwich meridian.

8.  Imaginary lines that encircle the
Earth perpendicular to its axis.
The main parallel (parallel 0º) is
the Equator, and it’s used to
calculate the latitude.
 Latitude: distance measured in
degrees from any point to the
Equator. It varies from 0º to 90º
either North or South from the
Equator.

12. Let’s practice!! Locate the point…
 30ºS 90ºE
 40ºN 10ºW
 0ºN 100ºW
 70ºS 70ºE
 60ºN 0ºW

13. a) P.10, exercise 1.
b) P.16, exercise 4.
c) Copy & complete the following diagram of Earth. Include:
 Equator
 Greenwich meridian
 Tropic of Cancer (23.5º N)
 Tropic of Capricorn (23.5º S)
 Arctic Circle (66.5 ºN)
 Antarctic Circle (66.5º S)
 North Pole (90º N)
 South Pole (90ºS)
d) Complete the worksheet.

14. The Sun’s rays fall with a different inclination at different
latitudes.We distinguish different climate zones:
 WARM ZONE
 TEMPERATE ZONE
 COLD ZONE
WARM ZONE
TEMPERATE ZONE
TEMPERATE ZONE
COLD ZONE
COLD ZONE

15. e) Copy & complete the following diagram of Earth, including:
 Equator
 Tropic of Cancer (23.5º N)
 Tropic of Capricorn (23.5º S)
 Arctic Circle (66.5 ºN)
 Antarctic Circle (66.5º S)
 North Pole (90º N)
 South Pole (90ºS)
 Warm zone
 Temperate zone
 Cold zone
f) Name the imaginary lines that delimit the…
• Warm zone
• Temperate zone
• Cold zone

16. MAIN PARTS:
• CORE
• MANTLE
• CRUST

17. LITHOSPHERE:
 Formed by the crust and the upper-most
solid part of the mantle.
 It’s broken into tectonic plates.

18. TECTONIC PLATES:
 Are constantly moving over the mantle.
 When the tectonic plates separate or collide, crust is created or destroyed.

19. PANGAEA

20. WHEN TWO PLATES SEPARATE  fractures or rifts
are created. Magma comes out from these fractures and
when it solidifies new crust is formed.

21. When it happens in two oceanic
plates, volcano-islands are formed:
Canary Islands, Iceland,…

22. Rift valley in Africa

23. WHEN TWO PLATES COLLIDE  one moves under
the other. This process is known as subduction. Normally it
creates volcanoes, earthquakes or mountains.

24. Himalaya
in Asia

25. Subduction process
in the western coast
of South-America.
Volcanoes &
earthquakes are
very common.

26.  Most of the Earth, 71%,
is covered by water,
and it’s mostly in the
southern hemisphere.
 Land only occupies
29%, and it’s mostly in
the northern
hemisphere.

27. Which are the 6 continents?
Which are the 5 oceans?

28. a) P. 18  exercises 2, 3, 4, 5
b) Draw a diagram with the internal layers of Earth.
c) Draw a map of the world with the 6 continents and the 5
oceans.
d) Define the following concepts:
 Tectonic plates
 Subduction
 Rift
 Crust
 Mantle
 Lithosphere
e) What percentage of the Earth’s surface is land? And water?

31. Large areas of flat terrain, no higher than
200m above sea level.

32. Plains higher than 200m above sea level.

33. Elevations of the terrain above the surrounding
land with steep slopes and an altitude of more than
600m.
Sierras (old mountain ranges): small
groups and not very high mountains.
Cordilleras (young mountain ranges):
large groups and rather high mountains.

34. Steep, younger mountains at high
altitudes (ej: Himalayas).

35. Sunken or depressed areas below the surrounding
areas.

36. Parts of the coast that jut out into the sea.

37. Areas of sea surrounded by the coast on three
sides.

38. An area of land surrounded almost completely by
water except for a part that is joined to the
mainland.

39. They are formed when the sea flows into the
mouth of a river.

40. Narrow inlets eroded by glaciers and penetrated
by the sea.

42. The extension of the continents under the sea
waters.

43. A steep incline found between the continental
shelf and the abyssal plain.

44.  Oceanic ridges
(dorsal oceánica):
underwater mountain ranges.
 Oceanic trenches
(fosa oceánica):
narrow, long depressions on
the ocean floor.
Large flat areas of the deep ocean floor (4,000-
5,000m below sea level). In them we can find:

45. Relief is…
 Formed by INTERNAL FORCES:
Orogeny
Earthquakes
Volcanoes
 Transformed by EXTERNAL FORCES:
Atmosphere
(wind, temperature)
Water
Living things
EROSION  TANSPORTATION  SEDIMENTATION

46.  Formed by INTERNAL FORCES:
Orogeny

47.  Formed by INTERNAL FORCES:
Orogeny
Earthquakes

48.  Formed by INTERNAL FORCES:
Orogeny
Earthquakes
Volcanoes

49.  Transformed by EXTERNAL FORCES
Atmosphere (wind, temperature)
Water
Living things
EROSION  TANSPORTATION  SEDIMENTATION

50. Wind
erosion
(Alxa desert,
Mongolia)

51. Temperature
erosion
(Sierra de Guadarrama, Madrid)

52. Water
erosion
(Playa de las
Catedrales,
Lugo)

54. Water
erosion
(Glacier in
Iceland)

55. Human erosion

56. EROSION  TANSPORTATION  SEDIMENTATION

57. a) P. 20  exercise 2
b) P. 22  exercises 5, 6
c) P. 23  exercise 1
d) What is the concept for the following
definition? “The process by which the
surface of the earth is worn away”.
e) Name 5 factors that erode the relief.
f) What’s orogeny? When does it happen?

58. Freshwater is very scarce on Earth.
 97,5%  salted water
 2,5%  fresh water

59.  Fresh water
 In rivers, glaciers, lakes,
aquifers.
 Salted water
 In seas & oceans
 Constantly moving: waves, tides & ocean currents.

61. https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature
=player_embedded&v=l37ofe9haMU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature
=player_embedded&v=CTQ6ciHENgI

62.  https://www.youtube.com/watch?featur
e=player_embedded&v=JpV7NIJTxD0

65. Lake Quilotoa
(water-filled
caldera in a
volcano in the
Ecuadorian Andes)
The GREAT LAKES between
USA and Canada

67. P. 24  exercises 1, 2, 3.