American English File 5 Student Book (Second Edition)

American
ENGLISH FILE
Christina Latham-Koenig
Clive Oxenden
Online Practice
SECOND EDI TION
OXFORD

American
ENGLISH FILE
Christina Latham-Koenig
Clive Oxenden
Paul Seligson and Clive Oxenden arethe original co-authors of
EnglishFile 1and EnglishFile 2
OXFORD
U N I V E R S I T Y P R E S S

Contents
Grammar Vocabulary Pronunciation
1
4 A What motivates you? discourse markers (1): connectors work word stress and rhythm
8 B Who ami? have personality; family rhythm and intonation
12 H 4 COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH 1 Family secrets, On the street
2
14 A Whose language is it? pronouns language terminology sound-spelling
relationships
18 B Once upon a time the past: narrative tenses, used to,
and would
word building: abstract nouns word stress with suffixes
22 REVIEW AND CHECK 1 & 2
3
24 A Don't get mad, get even! get phrases with get words and phrases of
French origin
28 B History goes to the movies discourse markers (2): adverbs and
adverbial expressions
history and warfare stress in word families
32 ■ < COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH 2 & 3 Fact or fiction?, On the street
4
34 A Breaking the silence speculation and deduction sounds and the human voice consonant clusters
38 B Lost in translation adding emphasis (1): inversion describing books words with “silent"
syllables
5
44 A Are there 31 hours in a day? distancing time linking
48 B Do you have Affluenza? unreal uses of past tenses money eaand ear
52 COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH 4 & 5 Women and money, On the street

Contents
6
54 A Help yourself verb + object + infinitive or gerund compound adjectives intonation in polite
requests
58 B Can't live without it conditional sentences phone language; adjectives +
prepositions
sounds and spelling: ///,
/tf/,/3/,/d3/
7
64 A Who's in control? permission, obligation, and
necessity
word formation: prefixes intonation in
exclamations
68 B Just any old bed? verbs of the senses place and movement extra stress on important
words
72 M i COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH 6 & 7 Art and artists, On the street
8
74 A Trick or treatment? gerunds and infinitives health and medicine; similes word stress
78 B A moving experience expressing future plans and
arrangements
travel and tourism homophones
9
84 A Pets and pests ellipsis and substitution the natural world weak and strong
pronunciation of auxiliary
verbs and to
88 B A recipe for disaster nouns: compound and
possessive forms
preparing food -ed adjective endings and
linking
92 COLLOQUIAL ENGLISH 8 & 9 Cooking around the world, On the street
10
94 A The promised land? adding emphasis (2): cleft
sentences
words that are often confused intonation in cleft
sentences
98 B Sports on trial comparison word building: adjectives, nouns,
and verbs
homographs
104 Writing
118 Communication
123 Listening
138 Grammar Bank
158 Vocabulary Bank
168 Sound Bank

FromTheTimes
G discourse markers (1): connectors
V work
P word stress and rhythm
What motivates you?
I owe my success to having listened
respectfully to the very best advice, and then
going away and doing the exact opposite.
1 READING & SPEA KIN G
a Think of a person you consider to be successful.
What makes you think they are successful? What,
in your view, are the reasons for their success?
b Read the article and match the headings with the
paragraphs. There is one heading you don’t need.
A A fierce spirit
B Being my own person
C Learning from my mistakes
D Needing to show them they were wrong
E The courage to go out and seek my fortune
c Read the article again and write the initials (e.g., AP) of the
person next to the questions below.
Who...?
1 □ found it hard to manage on their own
2 □ was motivated by the same desire until they became successful
3 □ thinks that a conflict helped them become stronger
4 I i was made fun of by a member of their family
5 □ is grateful for something their parents did wrong
6 HD asked a parent for advice
7 □ learned an important lesson from a parent
8 M was treated in the same way at school and at work
I didn’t get where I am today without...
Successful people talk about their inspiration and motivation
Revenge is a terrific motivating force for young
creative people and it certainly kept me going
right through to the publication of myfirst novel.
I learned to read late, and as a result the nuns
at my school inTennessee had me marked
down as being somewhere between slow and
stupid. They taught me for 12 years and even
after I'dcaught up and gotten smarter, Iwas
still thought of as dumb. “They’ll be sorry when
they discover I’m a great writer,"I'dsay to myself.
“In retirement, the single thing they'll be most
proud of will be that they had me as a student."
And so it continued rightthrough into the
workplace where, in my first teachingjob after
leaving graduate school, the male head of the
department would come to me whenever the
secretarial staff were off. “Type this up for me,
willyou, Ann?’he’d say habitually. “One day,” I
would think, gritting my teeth, “One day...”
There must have been something unique
or, at least, different about me as a boy,
because I recall it would sometimes amuse
my brother and his friends to throw cans
at me. Why? Because of the clothes I wore,
which they didn’t like, or because I wouldn’t
do whatever it was that they wanted me
to, or just because it was fun. But being
different is fine. It was my father who
encouraged in me the notion that Iand I
alone am responsible for my own life, for
what I do and don't do, for my opinions and
beliefs, and it’s proved to be a great source
of strength. I'moften asked if I read and
take notice of critics. Which ones? Those
who love the work? Who hate it? Or are
indifferent? As a director, as in life, you have
to know your own mind and be prepared to
stick to your guns.
I E Marcus Wareing,
UK chef
One of my instructors at Southport
Catering College knew Anton Edelmann,
the chef at the Savoy, and recommended
me to him. Iwas very nervous about leaving
my comfort zone and coming to London.
I was a loner who’d never made friends
because I was always working, and I was
happy enough being alone and busy.
But Idid come to London, and even though
it was a very tough environment, Iworked
like a real trouper and was very quick to
learn. The hardest part was being away
from my family and having to deal with
other people while having no management
or interpersonal skills whatsoever. So I
called my dad every day, to fill him in on the
good and bad, and ask him how he would
deal with this or that.
4
1A
G.K. Chesterton,
English poet and novelist
c Ann Patchett,
US novelist
dumb /cl,m/adj. GEO smart NAmE stupid
graduate school noun NArnE US college for
post-graduate studies
Southport a town in northwest England
the Savoy one of London’s most
prestigious hotels

LE X IS IN CO N TEXTd Talk in small groups.
1 From reading the text, what
impression do you get ofthe
four people's personalities?
2 Which of them do you most
identify with? Why?
3 What or who motivates you...?
• in your work or studies
• to improve your English
• to improve other skills, e.g.,
sports, music, other activities
(give examples)
The family is a microcosm of society.
It’s where your spirit and beliefs are first
tested. My mother and father wanted
only the best for me and my sister,
but had very rigid ideas of what that
“best” should be. For me to become a
lawyer or even an engineer would have
satisfied them, but a writer? Never. I was
a determined and rebellious kid, though,
and having failed to change my mind by
conventional methods, they looked for
more dramatic and extreme ones. In a
sense, though, I thank them for that. I
wouldn’t have gotten where I am without
fighting to live the life I wanted for
myself. I tong since forgave them. We all
make mistakes, parents included.
e Look at the highlighted phrases and guess the meaning of the ones you
don’t know from the context. Then match them with the definitions 1-7.
1 __________________ to know what you want or like
2 __________________ m o (informal) to refuse to change your mind about
sth even when other people are trying to persuade you that you are wrong
3 __________________ in one way
4 __________________ (colloquial) the working or living environment in
which we fed safe and unthreatened
5 __________________ rnrz>to be determined to continue to do sth in a
difficult or unpleasant situation
6 ___'n (on)_________ ramro to tell sb about what has happened
7 __________________ nmE» (with sb) to reach the same level or standard
as sb who is better or more advanced
f Choose five more words or phrases from the text that you think are useful,
g Read the information about looking up idioms in a dictionary.
Looking up idioms in a dictionary
You can usually find the definition of an idiom under one of its “full” words
(nouns, verbs, adverbs or adjectives, but NOT prepositions and articles), in
a section marked, for example, nrrtv So the definition ofstick toyour guns
will probably be given under stick or guns.
A After some very common verbs, e.g., be, get and adjectives, e.g., good,
bad, the idioms are usually under the entries for the next “full” word.
Phrasal verbs are always after the main verb, e.g., get back and get
over would be under get.
h Now look at the following idioms with mind. What do you think they
mean? Check with a dictionary.
speak your mind mind your own business
cross your mind be of tw o minds about sth
2 GRAM M AR discourse markers (1): connectors
a Without looking back at the text, with a partner try to remember how these
sentences continue. Don’t worry ifyou can’t remember the exact words.
1 Ann Patchett: “I learned to read late, and as a result..
2 John Malkovich: “It would sometimes amuse my brother and his friends
to throw cans at me. Why? Because of...”
3 Marcus Wareing: “But I did come to London, and even though...,
I worked like a real trouper and was very quick to learn.”
4 Marcus Wareing: “So I called my dad every day, to ...”
b Compare your answers with the text,
c Which of the bold connectors in a introduces...?
1 a result as a result 3 a purpose __________
2 a reason __________ 4 a contrast __________
d V" p.138 Grammar Bank 1A. Learn more about connectors, and practice
them.
e 12))) Listen to the sentences. When the speakers pause, write down how
you think the sentences might continue.
f 13))) Now listen to the whole sentences. Are they similar to whatyou wrote?
3 ı 4>)) SONG The Anthem
Online Practice 1A
EE Paulo Coelho,
Brazilian writer

4 SPEA KIN G & LISTEN IN G
a A survey by Chiumento, a human resources
consulting firm, established the ten factors that
make people happy at work. With a partner,
try to agree which are the two most important
and the two least important factors.
What makes people happy at work?
□ Being part of a successful team.
IZ] Doing something rewarding,
θ Doing varied work.
□ Earning a competitive salary.
C] Doing enjoyable work.
□ Feeling that you are making a difference.
□ Having a good boss or manager.
□ Having a good work-life balance.
EHHaving friendly, supportive co-workers
□ Having your achievements recognized.
Source: Chiumento's Happiness at Work Index
b The survey also established some other factors
related to being happy at work. With your partner,
discuss whether you think the following are probably
true or false according to the research, and say why.
1 Statistically there are more happy people at work
than unhappy people.
2 Employees of bigger companies or organizations are
happier than those who work for smaller companies.
3 Men are generally happier than women with their work.
4 Full-time workers are happier than part-time workers.
5 People with higher positions in a company are
happier than the people below them.
6 The longer you stay in onejob, the happier you become.
7 Workers over 55 are the happiest.
c 15))) Now listen to a radio program about
the survey and check your answers to a and b.
Were you right?
d Look at the photos and read the short article about
innocent drinks. Does it look like a company you
would like to work for? Why (not)?
Working where the grass
is always greener
In a Sunday Times survey, innocent drinks w as found to be one of
the com panies with the happiest em ployees. This London-based
com pany w as set up by three college students in 1999 and
started o ff m aking sm oothies, a drink made with fruit juice and
yogurt. It now em ploys over 200 people, and has added vegetable
pots to its products. The com pany calls itself “innocent” because
it only uses pure fresh ingredients. Part of its m arketing strategy
is to use delivery vans which are decorated to look like cow s or
grassy fields. The com pany also prides itself on being “a happy
place to work” and “people-orientated/’ with a relaxed working
environment, which includes having a grass floor in the office!
* V y.
6

e 16))) Now listen to the second part of the program
where Becka Walton, who works for innocent drinks, is
interviewed. Answer the questions.
1 In general, does she agree that there is a happy and
relaxed working atmosphere at innocent drinks?
2 Does she mention any downsides?
f Listen again, pausing after each of Becka’s answers.
Answer questions 1-6 with a partner.
1 What made Becka apply for a job at the company?
2 What example does she give of how the company
creates a team environment?
3 What examples does she give of the relaxed
atmosphere?
4 What does she say about staff turnover?
5 Does she agree that a competitive salary is not an
important factor in determining job satisfaction?
6 What does Becka say about the company's product?
g Now listen again with the audioscript on page 123. Is
there anything you found difficult to understand? Why?
Listening to English in the media
Try to listen to as much English as you can outside
class in a format you can listen to repeatedly,
e.g., a website, a podcast, a video clip, or a DVD.
A good way of getting the most out of it is:
• first listen and try to get used to the speaker(s) and
get a general idea ofwhat they are talking about.
• then listen again, pausing and checking that you
understand the main points.
• listen again with an audioscript or English subtitles,
if they are available, to help you figure out what you
didn’t understand (maybe because of the speaker’s
accent or speed, or use of vocabulary).
h Do Becka’s answers confirm that you would / wouldn’t
like to work for innocent drinks? Why (not)?
5 V O C A B U LA R Y work
a Match the two halves of the expressions used in
the interview.
b 17))) Listen and check. With a partner, say what you
think the expressions mean.
c > - p.158 Vocabulary Bank Work.
d With a partner, explain the difference between...
a demanding job and a challenging job
wages and salary
a profession and a career
skills and qualifications
beingfired and being laid off
getting a raise and getting promoted
goodjob prospects and good opportunitiesfo r advancement
being out o fwork and being off work
6 PRONUNCIATION word stress and rhythm
a Underline the stressed syllable in the bold words.
1 I managed to get a challenging and motivating job.
2 I don't have any qualifications or experience.
3 There's no job security and Icould be laid off.
4 I’ve had a very rewarding career in publishing.
5 The job has a competitive salary and excellent benefits.
6 It's a stimulating work environment with good
opportunities for advancement.
7 The employees don'tenjoythework,sinceit’sverymonotonous.
8 After she retired, she didvolunteer workat her localhospital.
b 18))) Listen and check.
c Listen again and focus on the rhythm of the sentences.
Which words are not stressed in the sentences? Practice
saying the sentences with good stress and rhythm.
7 SPEA KIN G
a Think about two jobs you could talk about. Use the
questions below to help you. Add any other information
that you think is relevant. Use the words and phrases in
Vocabulary Bank W ork p.158 to help you.
A job you would love to do
What do you think the advantages of the job would be?
What makes you think you might be good at it?
Do you know' anyone who does it?
Can you think of any drawbacks?
A job you would hate to do
What do you think the downsides of the job would be?
Do you know anyone who does it?
Have you ever done anything similar?
Can you think of any positive aspects of the job?
b 19))) Listen to two people doing the task. What pros and
cons do they mention? What two “noises” do they use to
give themselves time to think?
c Work in groups o f three. Take turns describing the jobs you
would love to do.
d Now do the same for the jobs you would hate to do.
e Decide which of the jobs described you think is the
most attractive.
8 W RITING
> - p. 104 Writing Ajob application. Analyze an email in
response to a job advertisement and write a cover letter.
Online Practice 1A
1 short-term
2 work-life
3 work
4 staff
5 competitive
A balance
B salary
C turnover
D contracts
E environment

G have
V personality; family
P rhythm and intonation
IB Who am I?
I've learned that you can tell a lot about a person by
the way he / she handles these three things: a rainy day
lost luggage, and tangled Christmas tree lights.
Maya Angelou,
American author
a Look at the adjectives that describe personality below. With
a partner, say ifyou consider them to be positive or negative
qualities, and why. Would you use any of them to describe yourself?
cautious conscientious curious easygoing independent logical
loyal mature quiet rebellious self-sufficient sensitive
b With a partner, read the questionnaire on page 9 and each
circle the answer that best describes you. Try to guess the
meaning of any unfamiliar words or expressions.
c >• Communication Who a m I? p.118. Find out what personality
type you and your partner have and read the descriptions. How
accurate do you think the description ofyour personality is?
L E X I S IN C O N T E X T
Collocation
Collocation is the waywordscombine to provide natural-sounding
speech and writing, e.g., we say a rough itinerary, not an approximate
itinerary. Noticing and recordingwords that go togetherwill
improvethe accuracy and fluency ofyourspeakingandwriting.
d Complete the questions with a verb from the list in the right form.
All these collocations appear in W halsyour personality type?
catch face get go with hurt keep make plan tell
1 Do you usually__________ your vacation a long time
in advance, or at the last minute?
2 What do you do if you’re reading a text in English and you
stuck on a particular word?
3 Do you always__________ sure that you have your cell phone
with you when you leave the house?
4 When you’re shopping for clothes, do you usually buy the
first thing that__________ your eye, or do you look at a lot
of things before you make a decision?
5 When you have to make a decision, do you usually__________
your gut feeling, or do you ask other people for advice?
6 Do you tend to __________ problems head on, or do you try
to avoid conflict?
7 In what situations do you think it's better to__________
a white lie in order not to__________ people's feelings?
8 When you reply to a friend's email, do you usually write a lot
or__________ it short?
e Ask and answer the questions with a partner.
f Choose five more words or phrases from the questionnaire
that you think are useful for you.
2 GRAMMAR have
a Match sentences 1-8 with A-H.
1 He's not very sociable.
2 My dad’s so absentminded!
3 My brother-in-law’s not very ambitious.
4 He’s kind of a hypochondriac.
5 My nephew is a little egocentric.
6 He's incredibly intolerant.
7 Chris is so rebellious!
8 I think our boss is kind of stingy.
A Ithinkit's because he doesn’t have anybrothers
or sisters.
B He often has lunch with us, but he never pays.
C He’s got to make an effort to be more open-minded.
D He has a realtendencyto arguewith people inauthority.
E He has been working at the same job for 15 years.
F He hasn’t been to a party in year's.
G He has to write everything down otherwise he
forgets things.
H He has his blood pressure checked every week.
b With a partner, look at sentences A-H and answer
the questions.
1 In which sentences is have
a) a main verb b) an auxiliary verb?
2 What implications does this have for making
questions and negatives?
c >• p.139 Grammar Bank IB. Learn more about have,
and practice it.
d With a partner, for each of the sentences below say if
it’s true for you or not and why.
• I can’t stand having my picture taken, and I’d hate
to have my portrait painted.
• 1have lots of friends online (some ofwhom I’ve
never met), but I only have a few close friends that
I see regularly face-to-face.
• I’ve never bought a CD from a store. I download all
my music from the Internet.
• I’m very competitive. Whenever 1play a sport or
game 1always have to win.
• I’ve got to find a way to exercise more. I’m really out
of shape.
• I have a few possessions that are really important
to me and that I would hate to lose.
• I’ve been learning English for so long that it’s
getting difficult to motivate myself.
8

WHAT’S YOUR PERSONALITY TYPE?
PLANNER OR SPONTANEOUS
1 Are you...?
a a perfectionist who hates leaving things unfinished
b som eone who hates being under pressure and tends to
over-prepare
c a little disorganized and forgetful
d som eone who puts th in gs o ff until the last minute
2 Imagine you have bought a piece of furniture that requires
assem bly (e.g., a wardrobe or a cabinet). Which of these are
you more likely to do?
a Check that you have all the item s and the tools you need
before you start.
b Carefully read the instructions and follow them to the letter,
c Quickly read through the instructions to get the basic idea
o f w hat you have to do.
d S ta rt assem bling it right away. Check the instructions
only if you ge t stuck.
3 Before you go on vacation, w hich o f th e se do you do?
a Plan every detail o f your vacation.
b Put together a rough itinerary, but m ake sure you leave
yourself plenty o f free time.
c G et an idea of w hat kinds of things you can do, but not
m ake a decision until you g e t there,
d Book the vacation at the la st m inute and plan hardly
anything in advance.
4 >• Communication What can you see? p.118
Which option b e st describes w hat you w rote down?
a It's basically a list o f w hat appears in the picture.
b It tells the sto ry o f w hat’s happening in the picture,
c It tries to explain w hat the picture m eans,
d It’s a lot o f ideas that the picture m ade you think of.
5 You need to give a friend directions to your house. Do you...?
a w rite down a list of detailed directions
b send a link to a w ebsite that provides directions
c give rough directions
d draw a sim ple m ap show ing only the basic directions
6 When you go shopping at the supermarket, do you...?
a alw ays go down the sam e aisles in the sam e order
b carefully ch eck prices and com pare products
c buy w hatever catch e s your eye
d go around a different w ay each tim e, according to w hat
you w ant to buy
7 If an argum ent sta rts when you are with friends,
do you...?
a face it head on and say w hat you think
b try to find a solution yourself
c try to keep everyone happy
d do anything to avoid hurting people’s feelings
8 Im agine you had the choice betw een tw o apartm ents to
rent. Would you...?
a write down w hat your ideal apartm ent would be like
and then see which one w as the m ost sim ilar
b m ake a list of the pros and cons o f each one
c ju st go with your gu t feeling
d consider carefully how each apartm ent would affe ct
other m em bers o f your fam ily
9 Im agine a friend of yours started going out with
som eone new, and they asked you for your opinion.
If you really didn't like the person, would you...?
a tell them exactly w hat you thought
b be honest, but as ta ctfu l as possible
c try to avoid answ ering the question directly
d tell a “w hite lie”
EXTROVERT OR INTROVERT
10 You are out with a group o f friends. Do you...?
a say hardly anything
b say a little less than m ost people
c ta lk a lot
d do nearly all the talking
11 When you m eet a new group o f people, do you...?
a try to sta y with people you already know
b have to think hard about how to keep the
conversation going
c try to get to know a s m any people a s possible
d ju st try to enjoy yourself
12 If the phone rings w hile you are in the m iddle of
som ething, do you...?
a ignore it and continue with w hat you're doing
b answ er it quickly, but say you'll call back
c have a conversation, but m ake sure you keep it short
d w elcom e the interruption and enjoy a nice long chat
Online Practice IB 9
HEADS OR HEARTS
FACTS OR IDEAS

3 LISTEN IN G & SPEA KIN G
a Look at the painting The Family o f Carlos IV by Goya and
answer the questions with a partner, giving your reasons.
1 In the painting you can see the king, the queen, and their
six children (three sons and three daughters). Who do you
think is the eldest son and heir to the throne?
2 Now try to identify the king's sister and brother. Which
ones do you think they are?
3 Who do you think the woman (5) is and why might she
be looking away?
4 The queen’s brother is also in the picture. Who do you
think he is?
5 Who do you think is probably the most important person
in the family?
6 Who do you think the man (2) in the background on the left
might be?
b 1 10))) Listen to an audio guide telling you about the
painting and check your answers to a.
c Listen again. Which of the king's children...?
A Fernando B Maria Isabel C Francisco
D Carlota E Maria Luisa
1 had an arranged marriage
2 eventually became a king /queen
3 had a similar personality to their mother
4 did not look like their father
5 married someone related to the Queen
d Imagine that you are going to have a portrait of your
family painted. Decide who you want in it and where
they are going to stand, and make a rough diagram.
e Show the diagram to your partner and explain who
the people are and say something about each of
them, including their personality.
10

4 V O C A B U LA R Y family
a Look at the family portrait again. What is the relationship
between...?
10 and 7 brother-in-law and sister-in-law
6 and 12 ___________________________
8 and 4 ___________________________
13 and 9 ___________________________
b > - p.159 Vocabulary Bank Family.
c Test your memory. Take the quiz with a partner.
d Answer the questions below with a partner. Try to use the
bold words.
• Who do you take after in your fam ily? In w hat way?
• Who are you closest to in your family?
• Is there anyone in your fam ily you don’t get along with?
• Are there any subjects on which you don't see eye to eye with
other m em bers of your family?
• Are there any people in your fam ily who aren’t on
speaking terms?
• Are there any physical characteristics that run in your family?
• How often do you have family get-togethers? Do you
enjoy them?
• Is there a black sheep in your fam ily?
5 PRONUNCIATION & SPEA KIN G
rhythm and intonation
a Work in groups of three or four. You are going
to debate some of the topics below. Each student
must choose a different topic and make brief
notes about what he or she thinks.
Children are left far too much on their own
nowadays. It would be better if one parent
didn't work and stayed at home to take care of
the children after school.
Working parents should not use their own parents
to look after their children. Grandparents should
be allowed to relax and enjoy their retirement.
Your parents brought you up, so it's your
responsibility to take care of them when they’re old.
In the 21st century, friends are the new family.
It’s better to be an only child than to have
brothers and sisters. You get all your parents'
love and attention.
The family is a trap from which it can be difficult
to escape.
b 1 ID)) Listen to the phrases and underline the
stressed syllables. Then listen again and repeat
them, copying the rhythm and intonation.
agreeing
1 I definitely agree.
2 I totally agree.
3 That's what l think, too.
4 Absolutely!
half-agreeing
5 I see your point, but...
6 l see what you mean, but...
7 I agree up to a point, but...
disagreeing
8 I completely disagree.
9 I don't agree at all.
c Have a short debate on the topics you have each
chosen. The person who made the notes should
give their opinion first, and then the rest of the
group says what they think. Try to use language
from the box in b to agree or disagree with the
other people in your group.
Online Practice IB 11
What do you call...?
1 your grandm other’s mother
2 all your relatives, including aunts, uncles,
cousins, etc.
3 a fam ily where there is only a mother
or a father
W hat's the difference between...?
4 a stepbrother and a half-brother
5 a nuclear fam ily and an extended fam ily
6 take after your father and look like
your father
Replace the highlighted phrase with an idiom.
7 My sister and my cousin don't speak to
each other.
8 My brother and I don’t have the sam e
opinions about politics.
9 Who is the dominant spouse in their
marriage?
10 They're a strange family. I'm sure they
have a few dark secrets.
Family quiz

Colloquial English Family secrets
VIDE0 TH E INTERVIEW Part 1
a Read the biographical information about David
Torchiano. Why do you think he was interested in
finding out about his family background?
David Torchiano is an amateur genealogist who has spent
many years researching his family tree. He was born and
raised in New York City. His mother's side of the family is from
Croatia and his father's side of the family is from Southern
Italy. He currently works for The New York Times and has his
own analytics start-up company as well as a sushi supper club.
b 1 12))) Watch or listen to Part 1 of an interview with
him. Mark sentences 1-5 below T (true) or F (false).
1 One of the reasons David started researching
his family history was because he never met his
grandparents on his mother's side.
2 David begins his research by talking to distant
family members.
3 David believes that the Internet doesn't help the way he
uses other resources.
4 David has used online message boards to overcome
obstacles he has encountered.
5 David's main resource for obtaining official
documents is local offices.
c Now listen again and say why the F sentences are false.
VIDEO Part 2
a 113))) Watch or listen to part 2. What does he say
about...?
1 his first time at Ellis Island
2 finding the documentation for his father’s side
3 his great uncle and how he helped the rest of the family
immigrate to the US
4 unexpected information he found out
5 how his parents met in New York
6 his advice for people who want to research their
family trees
b Answer the questions with a partner.
1 From David’s interview', what impression do you get
about the process for researching family trees?
2 Do you think it’s an easy process? Why (not)?
3 What hurdles might a person face?
Glossary
Ellis Island an island in upper New York Bay that served as a
former US immigration station from 1892 to 1954. Ellis Island
also has documentation on the millions of immigrants who
passed through the station. The documentation includes
passenger records that outline arrival information, passenger
details, and the ship of travel.
political asylum /pa'litikl a'saibrn/ protection that a government
gives to people who have left their own country, usually
because they were in danger for political reasons,
refugee camp /refyu'd3i kajmp/ a place where people who have
been forced to leave their country or home live temporarily in
tents or temporary buildings,
melting pot a place or situation in which large numbers of
people, ideas, etc. are mixed together
1

2 LOOKING AT LANGUAGE
O Phrasal verbs
David Torchiano uses phrasal verbs th a t m akes his
interview less form al. Phrasal verbs are a com bination
of a verb plus a particle (preposition or adverb).
The particle can change the m eaning of the verb
com pletely and the phrasal verb can have a m eaning
th a t is different from the individual words in isolation.
a 114))) Listen to some extracts from the interview and
complete the phrases.
1 And the more that I went to_____________________ it,
the more interesting the stories became to me.
2 And then I started to_____________________ from
there using Ancestry.com or you know, different
resources.
3 You know, even just going to the public library and
seeing if I could_____________________ documents
that way.
4 ... I was able to find on my dad’s side when his
great uncle_____________________ a lot of the
documentation that, or the documentation when he
actually_____________________.
5 When I_____________________ his documentation it
was a very emotional moment.
6 And slowly but surely he was able to bring the
majority of the family, who at the time was living
in Southern Italy which at that time there wasn’t
much_____________________ in Southern Italy...
7 ... you know, the whole family started to
_____________________ and my mom became very
close with my would be grandmother, or her would be
mother-in-law.
b Listen to the interview again with the audioscript on
page 124. What do you think the phrasal verbs mean?
3 VIDEO
ON TH E ST R E E T
a 115))) You are going to hear four people talking
about their family trees. What three questions do they
answer? Who has personally done some research into
their family tree? Who seems to know least about it?
b Listen again. Who...?
1 □ has ancestors whose lives were saved because they
were ill
2 □ has twins in their ancestry
3 □ has a parent who is from a different place than
their grandparents
4 U has family who went to a specific place to
do research
5 □ has family living in Canada
6 □ would like to know what pastimes one oftheir
ancestors had
7 □ has an ancestor who was an athlete
a 116))) Listen and complete the phrases with two or
three words. What do you think they mean?
Useful phrases
1 ...due to the m easles they had t o _____________
_____________ at the last minute.
2 I know a ____________________________ about my
family tree.
3 My mother and her sister have researched her family
__________________________________________ so I know a
bit from them...
4 I only know ____________________________my
grandparents...
4 SPEA KIN G
Answer the questions with a partner. Practice using
phrasal verbs and where possible the useful phrases.
1 Have you ever researched your family tree? Why (not)?
2 How much do you know about your family tree?
3 Do you think it’s important for people to know about
their ancestry? Why (not)?
4 Can you think ofany reasons why people might not
want to research their family backgrounds?
Online Practice 13
Brent Aurelia Jam es Tim

FromtheFinancialTimes
G pronouns
V language term inology
P sound-spelling relationships
IfEnglish is supposed to be the lingua
franca, how come there's no word
in English for lingua franca?
Whose language is it?
anonymous
a Do you think these statements are probably
true or false?
1 40 percent of the world’s population can
communicate in English reasonably well.
2 Most conversations in English today are between
non-native speakers.
3 In business meetings and international
conferences conducted in English, non-native
speakers prefer it when there is no native
speaker present.
b Read the first part of the article Whose language?
and check your answers to a.
c Before you read the second part of the article, with a partner
correct the mistakes in sentences 1-6 below. Do you ever make
any of these mistakes? How important do you think they are?
1 “I think the movie start at 8:00.”
2 “Is there restaurant in the hotel?”
3 “I think the women usually talk faster than the men.”
4 “My friend gave me some very good advices.”
5 “I called to my brother but his cell phone was turned off.”
6 “We discussed about global warming in class yesterday.”
d Now read the second part of the article and answer the questions.
1 Which ofthe mistakes insentences 1-6 aboveare mentioned in the text?
2 Does the writer ofthe article think that grammatical correctness matters
a) in written English b) in spoken English?
H
ow many people can speak English? Some experts estimate
that 1.5 billion people — around one-quarter of the world's
population — can communicate reasonably well in English.
Never in recorded history has a language been as widely spoken
as English is today. The reason why millions are learning it is
simple: it is the language of international business and therefore
the key to prosperity. It is not just that multinational companies
such as Microsoft, Google, and Vodafone conduct their business in
English; it is the language in which the Chinese speak to Brazilians
and Germans to Indonesians.
David Graddol, the author of English Next says it is tempting to
view the story of English simply as a triumph for its native speakers
in North America, Britain and Ireland, and Australasia — but that
would be a mistake. Global English has entered a more complex
phase, changing in ways that the English-speaking countries
cannot control and might not like.
An important question one might ask is: whose English will it be
in the future? Non-native speakers now outnumber native English
speakers by three to one. The majority of encounters in English
today take place between non-native speakers. According to David
Graddol, many business meetings held in English appear to run
more smoothly when there are no native English speakers present.
This is because native speakers are often poor at ensuring that they
are understood in international discussions. They tend to think they
need to avoid longer Latin-based words, but in fact comprehension
problems are more often caused by their use of colloquial English,
especially idioms, metaphors, and phrasal verbs. On one occasion,
at an international student conference in Amsterdam, conducted in
English, the only British representative was asked to be “less English”
so that the others could understand her.
P
rofessor Barbara Seidlhofer, Professor of English and
Applied Linguistics at the University of Vienna, records and
transcribes spoken English interactions between speakers
of the language around the world. She says her team has noticed
that non-native speakers are varying standard English grammar
in several ways. Even the most competent speakers sometimes
omit the “s” in the third person singular. Many omit definite and
indefinite articles where they are required in standard English,
or put them in where standard English does not use them. Nouns
that are not plural in native-speaker English are used as plurals
by non-native speakers (e.g., “informations,” “knowledges,”
“advices”). Other variations include “make a discussion,”
“discuss about something,” or “phone to somebody.”
Many native English speakers will insist that these are not
variations, they are mistakes. “Knowledges” and “phone to
somebody” are sim ply wrong. Many non-native speakers who
teach English around the world would agree. But language
changes, and so do notions of grammatical correctness.
Those who insist on standard English grammar remain in a
powerful position. Academics who want their work published in
international journals have to adhere to the grammatical rules
followed by native English-speaking elites.
But spoken English is another matter. Why should non-native
speakers bother with what native speakers regard as correct?
Their main aim, after all, is to be understood by one another, and
in most cases there is no native speaker present.
Professor Seidlhofer says, “I
think that what we are looking
at is the emergence of a new
international attitude, the
recognition and awareness
that in many international
contexts non-native speakers
do not need to speak like
native speakers, to compare
themselves to them, and thus
always feel ‘less good.'”
14
2A
Whose
language?

LE X IS IN CO NTEXT
Being aware of register
When you read a formal text you will often find words and phrases that
the dictionary lists asformal. When you record them, make a note of the
neutral /informal alternative, e.g., ensure (formal), make sure (neutral).
e Look at the highlighted words in both parts of the text. They are
all formal in register. Match them to their neutral equivalents below.
f Answer the questions in small groups.
1 To what extent do you agree that...?
• when non-native speakers of English talk to each other, they should not
worry about making mistakes as long as they can communicate
• non-native speakers do not need to speak like native speakers, nor
should they feel inferior to them
• certain grammar mistakes should be considered variants of English,
not mistakes
2 How important is it toyou to be able to...?
• speak English accurately
• write accurately in English
• pass international tests in English
• read academic texts or literature in English
• communicate with native speakers of English
• communicate with non-native speakers ofEnglish
2 GRAMMAR pronouns
a Are the bold pronouns right (/) or wrong (X)? Correct any
mistakes. Which of the mistakes (if any) do you think interfere
with communication?
1 Can the person who has not turned off their phone please
do so immediately?
2 It used to be a movie theater near here, but it closed down.
3 We’ve known each other for years, since we were children.
4 Inever use an electric razor when I shave myself. Iprefer the
old-fashioned kind.
5 Two men were sitting in the cafe, talking to themselves about the game.
6 David himselfadmitted that he should never have spoken to her
like that.
7 They have a terrible relationship. They don’t understand one other
at all.
8 One never knows what the future holds.
b V- p.140 Grammar Bank 2A. Learn more about pronouns, and
practice them.
3 SPEAKIN G
a 1 17))) Look at some useful phrases for
giving your opinion in English. Underline
the words that you think have extra stress.
Listen and check.
Emphasizing that something is your
own opinion
b Read some comments from around the
world about learning or using English.
Compare wirh a partner and say if you
think the situation is the same or different
in your country, and how you feel about it.
Use the expressions from a.
“If you ask me, the one thing that
would really improve the level of
English here would be if they stopped
dubbing all the American TV programs
and movies, and had them in English with subtitles
instead. But Idon’t think they’ll ever do it. The
politicians wouldn't dare.”
“In my opinion, nowadays public
figures should really be able to
speak good English. I feel really
embarrassed when I hear how some
of our politicians or athletes speak."
Rie, Osaka, Japan
“Personally Ithink that pop groups in
my country shouldn’t sing in English.
I mean, I know it's more universal, but
not everybody in Brazil understands
English. Ithink they should sing in Portuguese.”
Marcelo, Curitiba, Brazil
“In some universities in my country,
they are now teaching other
subjects in English, apart from the
normal English language classes. In
general I think it’s a really good idea — as long as
the teachers’ English is good, of course.”
Alejandro, Santiago, Chile
“In Italian they use a lot of English
words like weekend, stress, OK, cool,
know-how, words like that. Ipersonally
hate it. Ithink we should use our own
words for these things, not just borrow
from English. And people even use some words
that don't exist, like footing, when the English word
isjogging."
Paola, Milan Italy
Maite, Spain
Online Practice 2A 15
1 __________verb to be (still)
2 __________adj. bad
3 __________verb to do
4 __________verb to follow
5 __________noun idea
6 __________verb to leave out
7 __________verb to need
8 __________verb to look at
9 __________adj. so
10 __________ verb to write down
1 I’d say that...
2 If you ask me,...
3 Personally, I think
that...
4 Personally speaking,...
5 In my opinion,...
6 In my view...
7 I feel that...
8 My feeling is
that...
9 As far as I’m
concerned...

a You’re going to hear Cristina from Romania and Pun from
Thailand, who both live in the US, talking about their
experiences of being non-native speakers of English. Before you
listen, check that you understand the words in the glossary.
hit it out of the park meet a goal even more than was expected. This
expression comes from baseball, when the ball is hit so far that it flies
outside of the ballpark or stadium.
slam dunk something that is achieved easily. This expression com es from
basketball, when a player jumps above the basket and “dunks” it in the
hoop without opposition.
b Answer the following questions with a partner.
1 Do you find it easier to understand native or non-native
speakers of English?
2 How do you feel about having your English corrected?
c 1 18))) Now listen to Cristina and Pun answer the questions.
What do they say? Who do you identify with most? Why?
d Answer the following questions with a partner.
3 Do you have any funny or embarrassing stories related to
misunderstanding someone?
4 Is there anything you still find difficult about English?
e 1 19))) Now listen to Cristina and Pun answering the
questions. Answer the following questions with a partner.
5 What anecdotes do they tell?
6 What do they still find difficult? Do you agree with them
about what is difficult?
5 V O CA BU LA R Y language
terminology
a Match the words with their definitions.
collocation colloquial an idiom a metaphor
a phrasal verb register slang a synonym
16
Cristina Pun
b Take the Language quiz on page 17 with a partner.
All the words and expressions are from File 1.
1 ___________ noun a group ofwords with a
different meaning from the meanings of the
individual words, e.g., to putyourfoot inyour
mouth (= to say something inappropriate and
embarrassing)
2 __________ noun a frequent combination of
words in a language. It is often the only possible
combination to express a concept, e.g., heavy rain
(not strong rain)
3 ___________ noun the style ofwritten or spoken
language that is appropriate for the situation
(formal, informal, neutral), e.g., Canyon lend me
five bucks? (informal) Shouldyou requirefurther
assistance... (formal)
4 _________ noun a verb combined with an adverb
or preposition, or sometimes both, to give a new
meaning, e.g., throwaway, lookfor, make upfor
5 __________ noun very informal words and
expressions that are more common in spoken
language, especially used by a particular group
of people, e.g., teenagers. They often go in and
out of fashion very quickly. They can sometimes
cause offense. I had to walk home. I didn’t have
enough dough (= money)fo r a taxi.
6 __________ adj. (of language) words and phrases
used in conversation or writing to friends but
not in formal speech or writing, e.g., kids
(= children),you know what I mean, etc.
7 __________ noun a word or expression that has
the same or nearly the same meaning as another,
e.g., lately /recently
8 ___________ noun a word or phrase not used
literally, hut used to describe sb /sth in a more
graphic way and to make the description more
powerful, e.g., When she heard the doorbell ring,
shefe w to answer it. (= she ran fast, she didn't
literallyfly)

LanauaaeMHU
Q Idioms
Can you remember what these idioms mean?
1 If you really think you're right, you should sticktoyourguns.
2 When you talk to your boss, I think
you should speakyour mind.
3 It started to rain harder, but we
grittedourteeth and continued on.
4 My husband and I don'tsee eye to
eye about our children's education.
5 I don't think there's any doubt
about who wears thepants
in their family!
Replace the word or phrase in italics with a phrasal verb that means the
same. Use the bold verb.
1 I've missed a few classes so HI need to get back to the same level as
the otherstudents, catch_________
2 We'll have to postpone the meeting until next week, p u t_________
3 Your daughter doesn't look or behave
likeyou at all! take_________
4 After her mother died, she was taken
care ofuntilshe was older by her
grandmother, bring_________
5 My son wants to be a pilot when he
becomes an adult, grow_________
Q Synonyms and register
a Match the words or expressions 1-8 with synonyms A-H.
b Which word is more formal in each pair?
Q Collocation
Circle the right word in each pair.
1 I fully/completely disagree with you.
2 The main disadvantage of working here is that there's no job
safety /security.
3 I'm very near/close to my cousin Claudia - we tell each other everything.
4 I have some distant /far relatives in Turkey, but I've never met them.
5 He really hurt/damaged my feelings when he criticized the way I dressed.
6 P R O N U N C IA T IO N sound-spelling
relationships
According to research, when a non-native speaker
is talking to another person in English, the main
reason for a breakdown in communication is incorrect
pronunciation — often the mispronunciation of
individual sounds.
Although many people think that English pronunciation
has no rules, especially regarding sounds and spelling,
estimates suggest that around 80 percent ofwords are
pronounced according to a rule or pattern.
a With a partner look at the groups of words and say them
aloud. Are the pink letters all pronounced the same, or is
one word different? Circle the different word ifthere is one.
1 /h/ hurt heir adhere hardly himself
2/oo/ throw7 elbow lower power grow
3/ai/ alike despite river transcribe quite
4/w/ whenever why whose where which
5 /d3/ jealous journalist reject job enjoy
6 /tJ/ change achieve machine catch charge
7/s/ salary satisfying spontaneous synonym sure
8/o/ awful saw flaw drawback law
9 /or/ short corner work ignore reporter
10 hr/ firm dirty third T-shirt require
b 1 20))) Listen and check. What’s the pronunciation rule?
Can you think o f any more exceptions?
c Cover the phonetic spellings and definitions, and use
your instinct to say the words below. Then uncover and
check the pronunciation and meaning.
whirl
/war]/ verb, noun m verb 1 to m ove, or m ake sb/sth m ove
around quickly in a circle or in a particular direction syn spin
jaw
Id jp l noun • noun 1 [C] either o f the tw o bones at the
b otto m o f the face that contain the teeth and m ove w hen
you talk or eat
workshop
/ˈ workJap/ noun ■ noun 1 [U] a ro o m o r building in w hich
things are m ade or repaired using tools or m achinery
hierarchy
/'haiararki/ noun ■ noun 1 [C, U] a system , especially in a
society or organization, in w hich people are organized into
d ifferen t levels o f im p ortance from highest to lowest
Q Phrasal verbs
1 one
2 so
3 because of
4 benefits
5 omit
6 however
7 adhere to
8 need
A follow
B perks
C but
D consequently
E you
F owing to
G require
H leave out

G the past: narrative tenses, used to and would
V word building: a b stra ct nouns
P word stre ss with su ffixe s
When you finally go back to your old
hometown, you find it wasn’t the old home
you missed but your childhood.
1 READING
a Read some extracts where different people recall
aspects of their childhood. Choose the heading which
best fits each text. There are two headings you
don’t need.
Washing Fears First love Food Ambitions
Sickness School Sundays Toys and games
My bad dreams were of two kinds, those
about specters and those about insects. The
latter was, beyond comparison, the worse: to
this day I would rather meet a ghost than
a tarantula.
C.S. Lewis British author of The Chronicles of
Narnia
I was one of a group of boys who sat on the
floor of our professor's office for a weekly
lesson in "spoken English." One day the
professor put a large sheet of white paper
on the wall. The paper had a little black dot
in the right-hand corner. When the professor
asked, "Boys, what do you see?" we all
shouted together ”A black dot!" The professor
stepped back and said, "So, not a single one
of you saw the white sheet of paper. You only
saw the black dot. This is the awful thing
about human nature. People never see the
goodness of things, and the broader picture.
Don't go through life with that attitude."
Life teaches you lessons in surprising ways
and when you least expect it. One of the most
important lessons I ever learned came from
a sheet of paper and a black dot. They may
seem like small things, but they were enough
to prompt big changes in my outlook on life.
Kofi Annan Ghanaian ex-Secretary-General of the
United Nations
miasma /mahezma/ a mass of dirty, bad-smelling air (used metaphorically
here) (Para 5)
bucks dollars (Para 7)
scrub board a handheld washboard, used to help in cleaning clothes
(Para 7)
Their dream, and this went on quite far into my
professional life, was that I would be the best
at music school but not quite good enough
for a concert career. I would then go back to
Japan, live with them, teach piano and make a
lot of money, because it can be very lucrative.
And I'd play one recital a year where they could
turn up with great pride and people would
say "Mr. Uchida, aren't you lucky with your
daughter?"
Mitsuko Uchida Japanese classical pianist
On wet days there was Mathilde. Mathilde
was a large American rocking horse that had
been given to my sister and brother when
they were children in America. Mathilde had
a splendid action — much better than that of
any English rocking horse I have ever known.
She sprang forward and back, up and down,
and ridden at full pressure was liable to
unseat you. Her springs, which needed oiling,
made a terrific groaning, and added to the
pleasure and danger. Splendid exercise again.
No wonder I was a skinny child.
Agatha Christie British author of detective fiction
18
Once upon a time
Sam Ewing, American writer

b Read the texts again carefully. Find a synonym in
each paragraph for...
1 __________________ (literary) ghosts
2 __________________ attitude toward
3 __________________ profitable
4 __________________ (old-fashioned) excellent
__________________ likely to
__________________ it's not surprising
__________________ (informal usually
disapproving) very thin
5 __________________ unhappiness
6 __________________ (formal) tell off
7 __________________ to mix with liquid
A good dictionary will give information about the
register of a word, e .g form al informal literary, old-
fashioned, taboo, etc. When you record new
vocabulary, write down this information, too.
c Choose five more words or phrases from the text
which you think are useful.
As a child, my idea of the West was that
it was a miasma of poverty and misery,
like that of the homeless "Little Match
Girl" in the Hans Christian Andersen
story. When I was at boarding school
and did not want to finish my food,
the teacher would say, "Think of all
the starving children in the capitalist
world."
Jung Chang Chinese author of Wild Swans
My family still laughs at the story,
which I remember well, of when I was
five years old in Berlin, and arranged to
run away with a little boy because I had
been scolded. They watched me pack
my clothes and go down the stairs.
The little boy, six or seven, was waiting
around the corner.
AnaYs Nin French author
My mother used to take me with her
into the woods, to ponds where she
would do her washing. There used to
be a soap called Octagon that came in
an eight-sided bar, and she used to use
that to get to the dirt in the clothing.
Some people who had a few bucks, they
had a scrub board, but she didn't. She
would beat the clothing on the rock
until the dirt would sort of dissolve and
float out. We would be gone most of the
day on those days when she washed.
Sidney Poitier American actor
d Read the extracts again and answer the questions.
1 What was C.S. Lewis most afraid of?
2 How doyou think the lesson changed Kofi Arman's outlook on life?
3 Where did jung Chang get her idea that the West was very poor?
4 Why was Agatha Christie’s rocking horse better than an
English one?
5 What did Mitsuko Uchida’s parents want her to do with her life?
6 How did Anais Nin's parents react when she tried to run away?
7 Why didn’t Sidney Poitier's mother use a scrub board to do
her washing?
e With a partner cover the extracts and look at the headings.
Try to remember what each writer said. Which paragraph
reminds you most of your own childhood? Why?
2 GRAM M AR the past: narrative tenses, used
to, and would
a Look at the paragraphs again. Which ones are about...?
1 specific incidents in the past
2 repeated or habitual actions in the past
b Look at the verbs in paragraphs 6 and 7 again. What three past
tenses are used to describe the incident in paragraph 6? What
verb forms are used to show that the actions were habitual or
repeated in 7?
c p.141 Grammar Bank 2B. Learn more about narrative
tenses, and practice them.
3 SPEA KIN G & W RITING
a 1 21))) Listen to five people starting to talk about their childhood.
What are the different expressions they use to say (approximately)
how old they were at the time?
b Look at the headings in exercise la . With a partner, for each
heading talk about things you habitually did or felt in your
childhood.
When I was little I used to be terrified of the dark,
and I’d always sleep with the light on...
c Now take turns to choose a heading and talk about a specific
incident from your childhood.
I remember the time when we went
on our first family vacation abroad...
d Imagine you were asked to contribute to a book of childhood
recollections. Choose one of the headings and write a paragraph
either about a specific incident in your childhood, or about
things that happened habitually.
e > - p. 106 W riting An article. Analyze an article about
childhood and write an article for an online magazine.
2B 19Online Practice

a 1 22))) Listen to five people talking about their earliest memory. Match the speakers to the emotion they felt at the time.
b Listen again. How old was each person? What was
their memory?
c Now you're going to hear about some research that
has been done on first memories. Before you listen,
discuss the following questions with a partner.
1 How far back in our lives can we usually remember?
a To when we were a baby (0-2 years old)
b To when we were a toddler (2-4 years)
c To when we were a small child (5+)
2 Why can’t we remember things before that age?
3 What kinds ofa) emotions and b) events might people be
more likely to remember?
4 Are our first memories mostlvvisual or ofsounds and smells?J
5 Why might some people’s first memories be unreliable?
d 1 23))) Listen and check your answers with what the
speaker says. Were you surprised by anything?
e 1 24))) Now listen to the story of Jean Piaget's first
memory and write down what you think are the key words.
Listen again and try to add more detail. Compare your
words with a partner and then together retell the story.
f Talk to a partner.
Do you have any very early memories of the feelings or
incidents below? Do you know approximately how old
you were at the time?
feeling surprised
feeling pain
feeling shame or embarrassment
the birth of a brother or sister
a day out
managing to do something for the first time
the death of a pet
a festival or celebration
getting a wonderful or disappointing present
20
surprise sadness fear disappointment happiness

5 V O CA BU LA R Y & PRONUNCIATION
word building: abstract nouns; word stress with suffixes
An abstract noun is one that is used to express an idea, a concept, an experience, or
a quality, rather than an object. Embarrassment and memory are abstract nouns,
whereas bed and pants are not. Some abstract nouns are uncountable in English,
but may not be in your language, e.g., knowledge.
a Make abstract nouns from the words below and put them in the right columns.
adult afraid ashamed believe bored celebrate child compete
dead free friend happy hate imagine sick kind
lose member neighbor partner poor relation sad wise
+hood +ship +dom
-ı-ness +tion word changes
b 1 25))) Underline the stressed syllable in these words. Listen and check.
Which ending(s) cause(s) a change in stress?
1 adult adulthood 4 free freedom
2 celebrate celebration 5 happy happiness
3 compete competition 6 relation relationship
c With a partner, guess which of the abstract nouns in a is missing from
each quotation.
1 Love, friendship and respect do not unite people as much as a
common for som ething.W
Anton Chekhov, Russian writer
266________ ___is, of all passions, that which weakens the judgement most.
Cardinal de Retz, French clergyman and writer
3 To be without som e of the things you w ant is an indispensable part of
Bertrand Russell, British philosopher
4 ________ is more im portant than knowledge.
Albert Einstein, physicist
5 Overcoming___________ is not a gesture of charity. It is an act of justice.
Nelson Mandela, former president of South Africa
6 There are only tw o em otions in a plane: and terror.? ?
Orson Welles, US movie director
7 : I enjoy convalescence. It is the part that m akes___________ worthwhile.
George Bernard Shaw, Irish dramatist
8 The enemies o f___________ do not argue. They shout and they shoot.
William Inge, British clergyman and writer
d Say in your own words what the quotations mean. Do you agree with them?
6 fi,'26») SONG KidJO
Online Practice 2B 21

Review and Check
GRAMMAR V O CA BU LA RY
a Complete the sentences with one word.
1 Everybody seemed to enjoy the barbecue even______
the weather wasn’t very warm.
2 Will the person who left one of______personal belongings
at the security check please go hack and collect it?
3 When I was little, my family______spend summers at a
cottage by the sea.
4 This street looks so different from when I was a child.
Didn't______use to be a candy store on the corner?
5 If we lived closer to ______another, we would probably
spend more time together.
6 The Chinese economy is growing, and______a result
the standard of living in China is rising.
7 Sun-mee always seems pretty reserved to me — she never
talks about______
8 She wore a baggy dress______people wouldn't notice
that she had put on weight.
9 We need to ______the heating system repaired soon,
before it starts getting cold.
10 We were very delayed______ofan accident on the highway.
b Rewrite the sentences using the bold word(s).
1 I broke my glasses. I need to pay someone to repair
them. HAVE
I broke my glasses. I need__________________
2 If you learn a few phrases, the local people will
appreciate it. ONE
__________________ the local people will appreciate it.
3 They managed to get to the meeting on time even
though the traffic was heavy. D E SP IT E
They managed to get to the meeting on time
4 It was foggy, so the flight was canceled. DUE
The flight__________________
5 Jane sees Martha about twice a month. EACH
Jane and Martha__________________ about twice a month.
6 The children managed towrapthe present ontheirown. BY
The children managed to wrap the present
7 The last time 1saw him was in 1998. SEEN
I __________________ 1998.
8 She wore dark glasses so that she wouldn't be recognized.
SO AS
She wore dark glasses__________________
9 If we buy a dishwasher, it won't be necessary to do the
dishes. HAVE
Ifwe buy a dishwasher__________________
10 I can't believe the risks I itsed to take when I was younger.
W OULD
I can’t believe the risks__________________when I
was younger.
22
a Complete the idioms.
1 I know' you don’t want my mother to come and stay, but
you’ll just have to grit your______and put up with it.
2 Don’t worry about what other people think. You need
to know your own______
3 He’s got a terrible temper. In fact it must______in the
family, because his dad’s just the same.
4 Maria definitely wears the______in that family. Tom
lets her walk all over him.
5 I know I’m right and even if everyone in the company
disagrees I’m going to stick to my______!
6 My brothers are always getting into arguments. In fact
they're not on speaking______at the moment.
b Circle the right word.
1 She’d like to have a career /profession in show business.
2 It's a part-time /temporary job — I only work mornings.
3 Your sisters are so like /alike — they could be twins!
4 My father remarried and had two girls with his second
wife, so I have two half-sisters /stepsisters.
5 She doesn't take after /look like either of her parents.
She’s very reserved, and they're both really outgoing.
6 “Pay” is a synonym /metaphor for “salary,” but it's more
informal.
c Complete with the right preposition or adverb.
1 Who’s in charge______the sales conference this year?
2 She's been______school for such a long time it will be
hard to catch______with the others when she goes back.
3 My mother was very sick when I was a child so I was
mainly brought______by my grandmother.
4 Can we put the meeting______till next week? 1have
too much work at the moment.
5 If you go and talk to Elena, she'll fill you______on how
the sales campaign has gone.
6 I think we need to deal______this situation head
______ It’s no good just hoping it will go away.
d Complete the sentences with an adjective or noun
formed from the bold word.
1 I wish there were a few more good restaurants in our
N EIG H BO R
2 She has a terrible______of the dark. She has to sleep
with the lights on. AFRAID
3 Don’t let this misunderstanding get in the way of our
FRIEN D
4 I'm so sorry for your______ LO SE
5 _____ of speech is one of the most basic human rights.
FR EE
6 My mother always gave me good advice with her words
o f______ W ISE
1&2

CAN YOU U N DERSTAN D T H IS T E X T ?
a Do you think being bilingual is an advantage or a
disadvantage? Why?
b Read the article. Then mark the sentences T (true) or F
(false).
1 There are fewer job opportunities for monolingualworkers.
2 On average, people who speak more than one language
earn more money.
3 Most job recruiters think it's important to be bilingual.
4 At the Willard Hotel, some positions require
bilingualism.
5 Willard Hotel employees applying for management jobs
have an advantage if they are bilingual.
6 Mandarin is considered the business language rather
than Cantonese.
7 People who speak both English and Spanish are most
likely to be hired.
8 Mainly service industries need bilingual employees.
c Read the article again. Choose five new words or
phrases. Check their meaning and pronunciation and try
to learn them.
CAN YOU UNDERSTAND TH IS PROGRAM?
a Which of the following statements about bilingualism
do you think are true?
] More than halfthe world’s children grow up speaking
two or more languages.
I I Being bilingual strengthens the brain.
] Learning more than one language at a time is confusing
to children.
i I Children who are exposed to two languages fall behind
monolingual children at school.
j For bilinguals, the brain keeps the two languages separate.
3 1 Bilingual speakers’ brains perform mental exercises all
the time.
] When bilingual speakers get older, they lose their mental
abilities faster than people who speak only one language.
b 127))) Now listen to a radio program about bilingualism
and check your answers to a. Were you right?
c Do you know anyone who grew up bilingual? Does that
person have any of the characteristics described in the
program? Which ones?
In today's global economy, the ability to communicate in another
language has become a significant advantage in the workforce.
Research has found that people who speak at least one foreign
language have an average annual household income that’s
$10,000 higher than the household income of those who only
speak English. And about 17 percent of those who speak at least
one foreign language earn more than $100,000 a year.
A recent survey found that nearly 9 out of 10 headhunters in
Europe, Latin America, and Asia say that being at least bilingual
is critical for success in today’s business environment. And
66 percent of North American recruiters agreed that being
bilingual will be increasingly important in the next 10 years.
“In today’s global economy you really have to understand the
way business is done overseas to maximize your potential. A
second language equips you for that,” says Alister Wellesley,
managing partner of a Connecticut-based recruiting firm. “If
you’re doing business overseas, or with someone from overseas,
you obtain a certain degree of respect if you’re able to talk in
their native language.”
Language skills can also be key for service industries. At the
Willard InterContinental Washington, a luxury hotel a few
blocks from the White House, a staff of about 570 represents
42 nations, speaking 19 languages. The Willard's front-of-house
employees such as the concierge speak at least two languages.
Bilingualism is not an absolute requirement, but it is desirable,
according to Wendi Colby, director of human resources.
Workers with skills in a second language may have an edge when
it comes to climbing Willard's professional ladder. "The individual
that spoke more languages would have a better chance for a
managerial role, whatever the next level would bet Colby says.
“They are able to deal with a wide array of clients, employees.”
So which languages can give you a leg up on thejob market?
Insiders agree the most popular - and marketable - languages
are Spanish, German, French, Italian, Russian and Japanese, with a
growing emphasis on Mandarin, given China's booming economy.
“We see demand from a full range of industries,” says Wellesley.
“It really depends on which company you're working for and the
country in which they’re located."
H ow Being Bilingual Can Boost
Tour Career
Whether you’re fresh out
of college or a seasoned
executive, insiders agree
that fluency in a second
language can not only
help you stand out among
prospective employers,
it can also open doors to
opportunities that those
without foreign language skills might miss.
Online Practice

G get
V phrases w ith get
P words and phrases of French origin
Don’t get mad, get even!
a Read 10 top breakup lines from a website.
Which one do you think is the best /worst
way of starting a breakup conversation?
“We need to talk.”
“It’s not you; it’s me.”
“When I said I was working late, I was lying.”
“Do you remember when I said that
everything w as all right...?”
“You are like a brother / sister to me.”
“I think we’d be better o ff as friends.”
"I don’t love you anymore.”
“I need som e tim e to be on my own.”
“You’re a fantastic person, but you’re too
good for me.”
“Can I have my keys back, please?”
b Now read three true stories about people
getting revenge on a former partner.
Answer the questions with a partner.
Whose revenge do you think was...?
1 the most ingenious
2 the most satisfying
3 the most embarrassing for the person it
was done to
4 the least justifiable
5 the most likely to have a long-lasting effect
c Read the stories again and choose the
right word or phrase for gaps 1-12.
50 ways to say
“Revenge may be wicked, but it’s natural”according to 19th
century British novelist William Makepeace Thackeray, and
it remains as true today as it was then.
n 1 • f hat do you do when love has run its course? How do you say “it's over'?
™ According to the music band Train, there are “50 ways to say goodbye/
V V and singer Paul Simon sings, There must be 50 ways to leave your lover.”
Some years ago, fellow singer Phil Collins infamously 1______ his second wife by fax.
In these more technologically advanced days, the Finnish Prime Minister recently sent a
breakup message via text message. Less cowardly is the face-to-face approach (“We need
to talk" / ’This just isn’t working" / “I love you like a friend/’ etc.).
When Frenchwoman Sophie Calle received an email on her cell phone, she was
devastated to discover that it was a message of adieu in which her partner claimed that
the breakup would “hurt me more than it will hurt you." Here is a short extract:
"Whatever happens, you must know that I will never stop loving you in my own way —
the way fve loved you ever since fve known you, which will stay part of me, and never
die...I wish things had turned out differently. Take care of yourself...”
With hindsight, the man almost certainly wishes that he had followed his first instinct (“It
seems to me it would be better to say what I have to say to you face-to-face"), particularly
as the woman he was dumping is a conceptual artist who specializes in 2______ private
pain into art. And that is exactly what she did with her “Dear Sophie" email.
Too heartbroken to reply, she decided she would "take care of herself’ by sending
the man’s email to 107 women (including an actress, a poet, a ballet dancer, a singer,
a novelist, a psychotherapist, an etiquette consultant, an editor, a policewoman, and
even a student). She asked all of them to read the email and to analyze it or interpret
it according to their job while she filmed or photographed the result. The psychiatrist
concluded that the man was a “twisted manipulator while the etiquette consultant
criticized his manners, and the editor3______ his grammar and syntax.
‘The idea came to me very quickly. At first it was therapy, then art took over. After a
month, I had gotten over him. There was no suffering. The project had 4______ the man."
The resulting exhibition “Tenez soin de vows”(‘Take care of yourself) was put on at
the Bibliotheque Nationale in Paris and was latera huge success at the Venice Biennale. And
after becoming, 5______ , the notorious “star" of an exhibition, it’s a sure bet that when
Sophie’s ex-lover dumps his girlfriends in the future, he will never ever say, “Take care
of yourself.”
24
Ivana, ex-wife of millionaire
Donald Trump, giving
advice to wronged wives
Don't get mad, get everything.
1 a rejected
2 a turning
3 a praised
4 a replaced
5 a unwillingly
6 a stuck
7 a invented
8 a peak
9 a get over
10 a find
11 a reciprocal
12 a smoke
b dumped
b purring
b blamed
b substituted
b obviously
b attached
b created
b top
b get back
b make
b mutual
b fuel
c broke up
c creating
c ridiculed
c revived
c unbearably
c posted
c made up
c crowning
c get rid of
c take
c shared
c gasoline

d Without looking back at the stories, try to
remember what these numbers refer to.
goodbye
n erhaps, when she embarked on a relationship with a
famous composer, actress Jane Slavin was right to wonder
if things were too good to be true.
Jane first 6______ a message on his Facebook page last July. It said,
“You are one of my favorite composers."
He instantly replied, and within minutes he had added her to a
list of online "friends." Later he emailed her asking for a date. “He
invited me to a concert and it went on from there. It was an amazing
adventure," she says. “It all seemed so magical to be with someone
so hugely talented." However, three months into their relationship,
he sim ply stopped emailing her. “It went from BO emails a day to
nothing. No phone calls, no texts, no emails. I thought he died!" So,
suddenly and inexplicably rejected, Jane returned to the Internet.
“I put the words ‘lovely lady' into Google and downloaded a
stunning-looking photograph of a woman, and I gave her a name,
Lucia. I then 7______ a social networking page for her, and emailed
him. The email from ‘Lucia’ said, ‘I don't have any friends on
MySpace. I’m a great fan of your music. Will you be my friend?” By
the end of the first day, he had sent her more than 100 emails.
The 8______ moment of her revenge came when “Lucia" agreed to
a rendezvous in a little cafe in London. At the appointed time, Jane
walked in and said, “Hi, how are you? I haven't heard from you for
ages.” He looked horrified.
“He said he was meeting a new personal assistant. I said, ‘Do you
mind if I sit down?’ and he said, ‘Yes, I do, she's going to be here
any minute now.' I said, ‘I'll sit down for just a second.' I opened
my bag and pulled out copies of all his messages to Lucia. When
he asked, ‘Is she a friend of yours?’ I leaned across the table and
whispered to him, ‘Lucia is all Jane.'”
“Lucia was my revenge,” says Jane. “It helped me 9______ him.
I have no regrets."
n tephanie found an inspired way to '6______ revenge on her
boyfriend, Jason. She had been seeing him for about six
^ J months when they decided to make their relationship
exclusive. She thought things were going well until she discovered
that he was seeing someone else on the side. Soon after, a
11______ friend told Stephanie that Jason wasn't having a love affair
with just one woman; there were three others!
Initially, she had no plans to get back at him. She called Jason to
break up, but when she got his voice mail, she thought of a much
better idea. He had given her his password, so she logged in to his
voice mail and recorded a new outgoing message. She explained
what a cheater he was. And then, to add 12______ to the fire, she
changed his password so he couldn't rerecord the message.
50 107 30 more than 100
6 1 3
e Look at some famous sayings about revenge.
Which saying do you think best fits each of
the three stories in b? Do you agree with any
of them?
“Revenge is sweet.”
“Revenge is a dish best served cold.”
“In revenge, woman is more barbarous than man,”
“An eye for an eve makes the whole world blind.”
2 PRONUNCIATION words and
phrases of French origin
A number of French words and phrases are used
in English. They are usually said in a way that is
close to their French pronunciation, and so do not
necessarily follow normal English pronunciation
patterns, e.g., ballet (/bte'ler/), rendezvous (/Tandeivu/).
These wordswill appear in a good English dictionary.
a Look at the sentences below, and underline a
French word or expression in each one. What do
you think they mean? Do you use any of them in
your language?
1 Imade a real faux pas when I mentioned his ex-wife.
2 When we were introduced I had a sense of
deja vu, though I knew we’d never met before.
3 For our first date, he took me to an avant-garde
music concert — there was no second date.
4 She’s engaged to a well-known local entrepreneur.
5 I know it’s a cliche, but it really was love at
first sight.
6 On our anniversary, he always buys a huge
bouquet of flowers — he’s so predictable!
7 I met Jane's fiance last night. They told me
they're getting married next year.
b 2 2))) Listen and focus on how the French
expressions are pronounced. Then practice
saying the sentences.
3 V O CA BU LA R Y phrases with get
a Can you remember expressions with get from
the texts in 1 that mean...?
a take revenge on someone
b recover from (a broken relationship with someone)
b > - p.160 Vocabulary Bank get
2)3d) SONG 50 Ways To Say
Goodbye Jl
Online Practice ■ 3A 25

5 SPEA KIN G & LISTEN IN G
a Look at the back cover information
from a new book. Then discuss the
questions there with a partner. Why
is the book called Love by Numbers?
b 2 4))) Listen to some extracts from
Love by Numbers, in which the author
talks about the research which has been
done on the topics mentioned on the
back cover. According to the research
what are the correct answers to the
questions?
c Listen again and answer the questions
below.
1 What two examples are given to show
how friends can strengthen a couple's
relationship?
2 What three causes of arguments in
a car are mentioned? Which one is
becoming less common?
3 What do psychologists say about “love
being blind”?
4 What are the main advantages and
disadvantages of online dating? What
three pieces of advice are given about
posting a profile on a dating site?
5 What percentage of people still
thought about their first loves? What
percentage of people already in a
relationship got involved with their first
love again after getting back in touch?
6 According to the Canadian study,
what are the most popular ways of
taking revenge?
d To what extent did the research back
up your discussions in a? Were you
surprised by any of the statistics?
Is your relationship unlikely to succeed if your friends
dislike your partner?
Where is the most common place for couples
to have an argument?
Do opposites really attract?
How successful is Internet dating?
Should you try to get back in touch with an ex?
Does taking revenge on an ex-partner make you feel better?
There is academic research out there that can answer these
questions: Dr. Luisa Dillner, author of the column "Love by
Numbers," has sifted through it to give you the facts about
flirting, dating, marrying, and much more...
Popular Psychology
LE X IS IN CO N TEXT
e 2 5))) Listen again to some extracts and complete the expressions
with two words.What do you think the expressions mean?
1 When friends tell a couple that they are a ____________ and how much
they enjoy going out with them...
2 ... suggesting that you can____________ anyone, if you get the chance to
meet them.
3 Most people also____________ someone as good-looking or as plain
as they are.
4 After three months you can “see” again, and then you usually______
______the person.
5 A study in the US of over 3,000 adults found that 15 percent knew
someone in a ______-______relationship that started online.
6 The biggest______-______, apparently, is profiles with poor spelling.
7 80 percent of these people ended up____________ with their lost love again.
8 Another study by Stephen Hoshimura at the University of Montana
asked people what act of revenge they had______________

6 GRAM M AR get
a Look at some sentences from the listening, all ofwhich
contain the verb get. Answer the questions with a partner.
A Online dating agencies advise getting a picture taken
that makes you look friendly, rather than seductive.
B Dr. Nancy Kalish of California State University
conducted another study which got randomly selected
American adults to agree to be interviewed about their
first loves.
C Also when a couple stays together for a while, their two
groups of friends start to make friends with each other,
and as a result, the couple’s relationship gets stronger.
In which sentence...?
1 □ does get mean become
2 □ does get mean make or persuade
3 □ could you replace get with have with no change
in meaning
b p.142 Grammar Bank 3A. Learn more about get,
and practice it.
c Read the get questionnaire and check (/) ten questions
you’d like to ask someone else in the class. Ask and
answer in pairs.
get questionnaire
Are you the kind of person who
regularly ge ts rid of old clothes,
or do you tend to keep things
forever?
Did you use to get into trouble a lot
when you were a child?
Do you consider yourself a person
who usually g e ts their own way?
Why (not)?
Do you tend to keep up to date with your work or
studies, or do you often get behind?
Do you think young drivers get stopped by the police
more than older drivers? Do you think this is fair?
Have you ever gotten caught cheating on a test? Have
you ever cheated on a test and gotten away with it?
Do you think going on vacation
together is a good way to really
ge t to know people?
Have you ever gotten the short
end of the stick in a purchase
or business transaction?
How often and where do you
usually ge t your hair cut?
If one of your gadgets or electrical appliances stops
working, do you usually try to fix it yourself first, or
do you im mediately call to ge t an expert to fix it?
If you are m eeting someone, do you usually get there
on time, or are you often either early or late?
If you were able to get ju st one room in your house
redecorated, which would it be and why?
Do you think women are better than
men at getting presents for people?
If you were invited to a karaoke
evening, would you try to get out of
going?
If you were supposed to get a flight
the day after there had been a serious
plane crash, would you cancel it?
Is there anyone in your fam ily or
group of friends who really g e ts on
your nerves?
What kinds of things do/did your parents get you to
do in the house?
What worries you m ost about getting old?
Where would you go if you really wanted to get away
from it all and relax?

G discourse m arkers (2): adverbs and adverbial expressions
V history and w arfare
P stre ss in word fam ilies
History goes to the movies
Dilys Powell,
British movie critic
1 V O C A B U LA R Y history and warfare
a Which of the movies below do you consider to be historical films? Why (not)?
300 Che Part 1 and Part 2 The King's Speech Gladiator Schindler's List
Lincoln Hotel Rwanda Shakespeare in Love Titanic Les Miserables
b Read the descriptions of three famous scenes from movies. Complete each text with words from the list.
The scenes you*11never forget
— our movie critics choose their favorite moments.
Braveheart Mel Gibson, 1995
arrows outnumbered overthrow rebel troops victorious
The movie is set in 13th-century Scotland. Mel Gibson plays
the Scottish 1rebel William Wallace, who tries to 2__________
the English who ruled Scotland at that time. One of the most
memorable scenes is the Battle of Stirling, when Wallace’s
army, hopelessly 3__________ , waits in an open field for the
English to attack. The English fire thousands of 4__________
into the air, but the Scots defend themselves with shields. Then
the English knights on horseback charge at full speed, but at
the last moment, the Scottish 5__________ raise their spears,
and the English knights are thrown from their horses and
killed. A fierce battle then takes place, and Wallace’s army is
6__________ The scene is not a model of historical accuracy,
but with its spectacular special effects and stunts,
it's a lot. of fun to watch. “They may take our lives, but they
will never take our freedom!”
Gone with the Wind victor Fleming, 1939
besieged Civil War looted side
Gone with the Wind is based on the best-selling book by
Margaret Mitchell. It tells the story of a manipulative woman,
Scarlett O’Hara (played by Vivien Leigh), and an unscrupulous
man, Rhett Butler (Clark Gable), who cany on a turbulent love
affair in the American South during the 1__________ The
Confederates, the 2__________ Scarlett’s family supports, are
losing, and Scarlett is living in Atlanta, which is 3__________
by the Union Army. She escapes and goes home onty to find
her mother dead, her father disoriented, and her family home
4__________ She asks for food and is told the soldiers have
taken everything. In this dramatic scene, Scarlett, starving and
desperate, suddenly sees a turnip in the ground. She falls on
it, pulls it from the ground and eats it. She then rises from the
ground, looks around the ruined land and vows, “As God is my
witness, I’ll never be hungry again.”
3B
You com e out of Gone with the Windfeeling
that history isn't so disturbing after all. One
can alw ays make a dress out of a curtain.
“They will never
take our freedom!”
“As God is my witness...”

c 2 6))) Listen and check.
d Re-read the texts and try to memorize the information.
Then in groups of three, cover the texts and take turns
describing what happens in each of the scenes.
2 PRONUNCIATION stress in word families
It is often useful to learn words in “families,” e.g. to rebel, a
rebel rebellion, etc. However, you should check whether the
stressed syllable changeswithin the “family.”
Spartacus Stanley Kubrick, 1960
capture casualties defeat forces rebellion weapons
This epic movie tells the story of the rise and fall of a slave in die
Roman Empire. Spartacus (Kirk Douglas) is trained as a gladiator,
but he rebels against his Roman owner and escapes. He forms an
army of slaves and becomes their leader. Although they have
fewer 1__________ and are less well organized, they win several
victories against the Roman 2__________ that are sent to put
down die ;i__________ But a final, climactic battle just outside
Rome results in the total 4__________ of the rebel army, with
heavy 5__________ on both sides, and the 6___________of
many of the survivors, including Spartacus. Crassus (Laurence
Olivier), the Roman general, promises the captives that they
will not be punished if they identify Spartacus. In this powerful
scene, one by one, each surviving soldier stands and shouts out,
“I am Spartacus!” Crassus finally condemns them all.
a Complete the chart.
noun person adjective verb
capture /
captor
captive
civil /
civilized
execution
history historian /
historic
looting looter
rebellion rebellious
siege
surviving
withdraw
victorious
b 2 7))) Underline the stressed syllable in all the
words. Listen and check. Then test a partner on the
words in the chart.
3 SPEA KIN G & W RITING
In this dramatic scene, Scarlett, starving and desperate,
suddenly sees a turnip in the ground. She falls on it,
pulls it from the ground and eats it.
We normally use the simple present (“the dramatic
present”) when we describe a scene from a movie, or
its plot.
a Work in groups of three or four. Each think of a
movie you really enjoyed that was set in a historical
period or based on a real event. Make notes under
the following headings to help you to talk about it.
• Where and when is the movie set?
• Who are the main characters and who are they
played by?
• What is it about?
• What is the most memorable scene?
• What makes it so powerful /moving /dramatic, etc.?
b Describe the movie and the scene to others in the
group, and see if they can name the title of the movie.
c Now write a paragraph describing the movie and
the scene using the three texts in lb as models.
“I am Spartacus!”

HISTORY GOES TO
THE MOVIES
4 READING
a How important do you think it is for a historical film to get
all the facts right? Why?
b Quickly read part of the preface of the book History Goes to the Movies
by American author Joseph Roquemore. What kind of book is it?
a It compares historical films to what really happened,
b It is a guide to the best ever historical films,
c It analyzes the effect historical films have on young people.
When asked in 1993 to comment on accusations that the movie In the Name o f the
Father grossly distorts contemporary British and Irish history, female lead Emma
Thompson responded that she couldn’t care less. Ever since the premiere in 1915
of The Birth o f a Nation, filmmakers have rewritten history to create top-dollar
entertainment. The films are very persuasive: well-made movies hold your interest
continuously, riveting your attention on “what happens next,” and pulling you
forward with no time to reflect on individual scenes until the final credits roll. The
result; you don’t remember much about a movie after watching it for the first time.
Very few people can recall even half the plot in reasonable sequence, and still fewer
can remember facial expressions or voice intonation associated with specific dialogue
sequences (including politically and morally loaded conversations). For this reason,
movies have extraordinary power — unmatched by any other medium — to leave you
with a strong sense of what is right and what is wrong, who is bad and who is good,
even though critical details presented in the movies may be biased or false.
Well, so what? They’re just movies. In fact they’re not just movies. Millions of
Americans are fanatical history lovers, and they pack theaters every time new movies
about historical figures or events come to town. Saving Private Ryan and Titanic
raked in viewers and cash for months. Many high school teachers screen movies in the
classroom. Clearly countless Americans get most of their histoxy from television and the
big screen.
Some of the industry’s finest historical and period films premiered during the past
decades. Bui the 1960s also triggered a flurry of politically charged history-based movies a>
full of factual distortions and, occasionally, outright lies. Today the trend continues on a %
fl)
larger scale: many movies released in the 1990s and the first decade of the 21st century e
reflect blatant disdain, at least as intense as Ms. Thompson’s, for solid, reliable history. “
History Goes to the Movies is a source of information and, it is hoped, entertainment
for everyone interested in the actual history behind a wide selection of movies grouped
into twelve sections — 11 covering historical periods and events and a twelfth containing
biographies and period films. Each movie review includes an essay on the history covered
in one or more movies, and a brief plot summary. Star ratings (five stars: don’t miss it) reflect
each movie’s historical accuracy and — to a much lesser extent — its power
to amuse.
Obviously, expecting textbook accuracy from movies would be ridiculous — and producers
have delivered a remarkable number of historically faithful movies. But some of them get
too much of their history wrong. History Goes to the Movies is a guide, however imperfect, for
readers and viewers aiming to get it right.

5 LISTEN IN G & SPEA KIN Gc Now read the text again carefully and choose a,
b, or c. Compare with a partner and explain why
you think the answer you chose is right.
1 Emma Thompson said that___that the movieIn
the Name o f the Father was historically inaccurate,
a it was upsetting
b it didn’t matter
c it was obvious
2 When people see a movie they tend to remember
a a great deal of what people said
b what happened in chronological order
c who the heroes and villains were
3 According to the author, what most Americans
know about history comes from___
a what they learned in high school
b textbooks
c movies they have seen at the movie theater
and on TV
4 Movies made in recent years have been
historically inaccurate because filmmakers___
a don't check the facts
b are not concerned about historical accuracy
c want to make politically correct movies
5 The star system Joseph Roquemore uses refers___
a equally to historical accuracy and
entertainment value
b more to entertainment value than historical
accuracy
c more to historical accuracy than
entertainment value
d Look at the highlighted words and expressions
related to the movies. With a partner say what
they mean. Check any you're not sure of in a
dictionary.
e Complete the sentences with a word or
expression from d.
1 The latest James Bond movie is expected to be
early next summer.
2 After years as a respected theater actress, she
has finally been given her chance to appear on
the_________
3 I can’t stand it when people get up and leave
the theater as soon as the movie ends while I’m
trying to watch the_________
4 The special effects were fantastic but the
was pretty implausible.
5 Many of the biggest names were there at last
night’s _________
a Two of the movies mentioned in History Goes to the Movies
are Titanic and Braveheart. Have you seen either of them? How
historically accurate did you think they were?
b 2 8))) Listen to a movie critic talking about them. How many
stars did the author Joseph Roquemore give each movie? Does
the movie critic agree?
6 GRAM M AR discourse markers (2): adverbs
and adverbial expressions
a 2 9))) Listen to some extracts from what the movie critic said and
complete the phrases below with one to three words. What do
they tell you about what the speaker is going to say next?
1 _________________ ,these characters and their stoiy are fictitious...
2 __________________ , I think his assessment is about right.
3 William Wallace is portrayed as a kind of poor primitive
tribesman living in a village-----------------------------, he was the
son of a rich landowner.
4 __________________ , the Scots stopped wearing woad hundreds
ofyears earlier.
5 __________________ , the reason why the Scots won the battle is
because the English soldiers got trapped on the narrow bridge.
b ► p.143 Grammar Bank 3B. Learn more about adverbs and
adverbial expressions, and practice them.
c > - Com m unication Guess the sentence A p.119 B p.119.
c Listen again and take notes on what was inaccurate
about the two movies. Compare your notes with a partner.
How serious do you think the inaccuracies were?
Braveheart 1995 Director Mel Gibson
Inaccuracies:
d Can you think of any movies you have seen that you think were
very inaccurate? Did this detract from your enjoyment of the film?
Titanic 1997 Director Jam es Cameron
Inaccuracies:

2&3 Colloquial English Fact or fiction?
■ < TH E IN TERVIEW Part 1
a R e a d th e b io g ra p h ic a l in fo rm a tio n a b o u t A d ria n
H o d g e s. A re th e re an y h is to ric a l d ra m a s o n T V o r in
th e m o v ie th e a te rs at th e m o m e n t? H av e y o u se e n any
o f th e m ?
A drian H odges is a British television and movie
screenwriter. He began his career as a journalist for Screen
International, a magazine publication that covers movie
industry news from around the world. He has over 25
television and movie credits as a writer and a producer, some
of which are historical dramas. For instance, he wrote for
The Last King which is an account of Charles II's reign on the
throne and Rome which chronicles the lives of the Romans in
the last days of the Republic.
b 2 -10)}) W a tc h o r liste n to P a r t 1 o f a n in te rv ie w w ith
h im . M a rk se n te n c e s 1-5 b e lo w T (tru e ) o r F (false).
1 A d ria n believes h isto ric a l d ra m a s are p o p u la r b ecau se
th e y ’re fu ll o f in te re stin g sto rie s th a t p eo p le reco g n ize.
2 It’s n o t alw ays possible to tell a h isto ric a l sto ry in a w ay
th a t reso n a tes w ith th e p resen t.
3 A cco rd in g to A d rian , h isto ric a l d ra m a s are so m etim es
less exp en siv e th a n c o n te m p o ra ry pieces.
4 “D re ssin g ” a m ovie sp ecifically m ea n s selectin g
a p p ro p ria te c o stu m e s fo r th e actors.
5 M a k in g a m ovie th a t d o e sn 't have a n y a n a c h ro n ism s is
costly a n d expensive.
c N o w liste n a g a in a n d say w h y th e F se n te n c e s a re false.
Glossary
Caligula /ka'ligyate/ the third Roman emperor, reigning from 37 to
41 A.D.
period film s /'piriad filmz/ movies that are set during the life of a
particular person or in the history of a particular country,
a glaring anachronism /'gleritj a'nekramzam/ something in a book
or a film that is very obviously placed in the wrong period of
history
the Senate Pscnatla political institution in ancient Rome
toga /'tooga/clothing worn by the citizens of ancient Rome
VIDEO Part 2
a 2 11))) W a tc h o r lis te n to p a r t 2. A n s w e r th e q u e s tio n s
w ith a p a rtn e r.
W h a t d o e s A d ria n say a b o u t...?
1 th e im p o rta n c e o f a c cu ra cy in h isto ric a l d ra m a
2 th e e x te n t to w h ich you can ch an g e d e ta ils w hen you
are w ritin g a h isto ric a l d ra m a
3 th e d ifferen ce b e tw e en w ritin g a d ra m a b ased o n
a n c ie n t h isto ry an d o n e based o n rec e n t h isto ry
4 th e w rite r's resp o n sib ility to be tru th fu l to h isto ry
5 th e d a n g e r o f a film b e c o m in g th e “received version
o f th e tr u th ”
6 w hy Spartacus is a g o o d exam ple o f th is
7 th e film Braveheart
b A n s w e r th e q u e s tio n s w ith a p a rtn e r.
1 T o w h a t e x te n t d o you ag ree w ith w h at he says ab o u t
th e im p o rta n c e o f accu racy in h isto ric a l film s?
2 C a n you th in k o f any o th e r h isto ric a l film s a p a rt fro m
Spartacus w h e re th e film is th e o n ly v ersio n o f th e
tru th th a t p eo p le know ?
Glossary
Macbeth /mak'beO/a play by Shakespeare about a king of
Scotland William the Conqueror, Charles II, Victoria English
monarchs from the 11th, 17th, and 19th century
to play fast and loose with (oldfashioned) to treat
something in a way that shows you feel no responsibility or
respect for it
the received version /n'sivd Va^n/ the version accepted by most
people as being correct

American English File 5 Student Book (Second Edition)

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