2. Learning Objectives
At the end of this lesson the students should be able to:
Review concepts learnt in the previous lesson by engaging in the
MILLY game and introduce today’s lesson.
Plan a typical day’s meal for an adolescent to meet their nutritional
needs using the food group chart
Relate the changes that both male and female teenagers have
during adolescence to their nutritional needs
Correctly explain any three possible health risks for adolescents at
this stage in the life cycle after PowerPoint presentation
List five common factors that impact on food choices of
adolescence after class discussion.
3. DiscussionDiscussion
What comes to mind when you hear the
term “ adolescent”?
A typical day’s diet for a teen
Nutritional Needs
Health risks / Deficiencies at this stage
Changes that a boy/ female experience
4. ADOLESCENCEADOLESCENCE
Adolescence is the name given to the psychosocial
life stage which starts around the time of puberty.
PUBERTY EARLY
ADOLESCENC
E
MIDDLE
ADOLESCENC
E
LATE
ADOLESCENCE
FEMAL
E
8-11 12-14 14-17 18-21
MALE 9-11.5 12-14 14-17 18-21
5. DEFINITIONS OF ADOLESCENCE
Adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and
mental development that occurs between
childhood and adulthood.
WHO : period of life between 10 and 19 years.
6. Adolescence:Adolescence:
The Vulnerable LifeThe Vulnerable Life
StageStage
Big changes: Biological
Boys—get tall, lean, and dense (bones, that
is)
Attain 15% of final adult ht during puberty
Lean body mass doubles
Large calorie needs—increase from 2,000
at 10 yr to 2,500-3,000 at 15 yr
7. Adolescence:
The Vulnerable Life
Stage
Girls—get taller and fatter
% body fat increases from the teens into the
mid-20s
Gain almost 50% of their adult ideal weight
and ht during puberty
Dieting can have a negative impact on
linear growth during this time
Calorie needs increase by only 200 from 10
yr to 15 yr
8. “The relationship between the adolescent diet and
chronic disease risk is based on the assumption
that eating behaviors are learned and solidified
during childhood and adolescence and are
maintained into adulthood” (Lytle 02)
9. ADOLESCENCE PROVIDES A
WINDOW
OF OPPORTUNITY FOR NUTRITION
A transitional period between childhood and
adulthood, adolescence provides an opportunity to
prepare for a healthy productive and reproductive life,
and to prevent the onset of nutrition-related chronic
diseases in adult life, while addressing adolescence-
specific nutrition issues and possibly also correcting
some nutritional problems originating in the past.
10. ADOLESCENCEADOLESCENCE
There is potential for correcting nutritional
inadequacies and perhaps even for catch-up growth
Improving adolescents’ nutrition behaviours is an
investment in adult health
Adolescence is a timely period for the adoption
and consolidation of sound dietary habits
Important for supporting the growing body
-for preventing future health problems.
11. NUTRITIONAL OBJECTIVESNUTRITIONAL OBJECTIVES
Provide optimum nutritional support
for demands of rapid growth and high
energy expenditure
Support development of good eating
habits by providing variety of foods
through a regular pattern.
Provide the necessary nutrients to
meet the demands of physical and
cognitive growth and development.
12. NUTRITIONAL OBJECTIVESNUTRITIONAL OBJECTIVES
Provide adequate stores for illness or
pregnancy.
Prevent adult onset of diseases
related to nutrition e.g.,
cardiovascular diseases, diabetes,
osteoporosis and cancer
Encourage healthy eating habits and
lifestyle
15. Energy/ CaloriesEnergy/ Calories
Energy needs of adolescents are influenced by activity
level, basal metabolic rate, and increased
requirements to support pubertal growth and
development.
Adolescent males have higher caloric requirements
since they experience greater increases in height,
weight, and lean body mass than females.
16. Energy/ CaloriesEnergy/ Calories
The Daily Recommended intake (DRI) for energy is
based upon the assumption of a light to moderate
activity level.
Adolescents who participate in competitive sports
and those who are more physically active than
average may require additional energy to meet their
daily caloric needs.
Adolescents who are not physically active and those
who have chronic or handicapping conditions that
limit mobility will require less energy to meet their
needs
19. Carbohydrate concerns
Too many added sugars
Sweetened beverages
Sweetened cereals, other foods
Cakes, cookies, candy
Too little fiber
Inadequate fruits and vegetables
Inadequate whole grains
20. MineralsMinerals
Minerals play a crucial role in adolescent nutrition.
Adolescents, at the peak of their growth velocity,
require large quantities of nutrients. The increment in
skeletal mass, body size and body density, associated
with pubescence, highlights the role of minerals in
the growth process .
Are they getting sufficient minerals? How would you
increase?
Calcium
Iron
Zinc
21. VitaminsVitamins
The requirements for vitamins are also increased
during adolescence.
Because of higher energy demands, more thiamine,
riboflavin and niacin are necessary for the release of
energy from carbohydrates.
The increased rate of growth and sexual maturation
increases the demand for folic acid and vitamin B-12.
The rapid rate of skeletal growth demands more
vitamin D. Vitamins A, C, and E are needed in
increased amount for new cell growth.
22. POSSIBLE NUTRITIONALPOSSIBLE NUTRITIONAL
PROBLEMSPROBLEMS
Low intake of calcium, vitamin a and c
Low intake of iron in girls
Anaemia
Obesity or underweight
Skin problems
Nutritional deficiencies related to:
Fear of overweight or crash diet
Food diets
Poor choice of snack foods
Irregular eating pattern
31. NUTRITIONAL RISKSNUTRITIONAL RISKS
Eating disorders such as anorexia and
bulimia, which can cause severe health
problems and even death, are increasingly
common among young people.
Poor eating habits and inactivity are the root
causes of overweight and obesity.
Obesity at this period lead to deterioration of
the future health.
32. NUTRITIONAL RISKSNUTRITIONAL RISKS
Weight gain leading to obesity and type 2
diabetes
Calcium intake and soft drink consumption
leading to inadequate bone mineralization
Eating habits that result in disordered eating
practices
Low consumption of fruit and vegetables and
high consumption of fat and sodium are related to
adult-onset disease risk
