4. Product B5 B5c B5-Lite B11
Antenna
25 dBi parabolic
±4˚ beam H/V
Connectorized
Dual female N
connectors
20 dBi parabolic
±7˚ beam dual slant
19mm Waveguide
Feed
600/900/1200 mm
34-40 dBi
Power 30 dBm* 30 dBm* 20 dBm* 27 dBm
Spectrum 5.15-5.85 GHz* 4.9 – 6.2 GHz* 4.9 – 6.2 GHz* 10 – 11.7 GHz*
Wireless
4x4:4 TDMA
GPS sync
Up to 1.5 Gbps
4x4:4 TDMA
GPS sync
Up to 1.5 Gbps
2x2:2
-
750 Mbps +
4x4:4
GPS sync
Up to 1.5 Gbps
Mimosa Backhaul Products
* Subject to country specific regulatory limits and use restrictions
5. Pin-out may vary from other POE’s
Power pins: 3,4,5,6
Ground pins: 1,2,7,8
B5/B5c accepts wide range of inputs
Internal diode bridge to rectify power
56 V output on power pins
B5/B5c only requires 48 V
90 V GDTs for lightning protection
Protection for both Ethernet ports
Power over Ethernet Adapter
8. Dashboard PHY and MAC Performance
19
TDMA (Timing Based Protocol)
Alternating Tx Slots (local/remote)
Configurable Performance
Transmit Window: 2/4/8 ms
Traffic Splits: 50/50, 75/25, 25/75, or
Auto
Format: (Local Tx / Remote Tx)
9. Transmit Window & Traffic Splits
TransmitReceive
Time
ReceiveTransmitGender A
Gender B
50% 50%
TransmitReceive
Time
ReceiveTransmitGender A
Gender B
75% 25%
10. Tx MAC Throughput = Tx PHY rate * Tx MAC duty cycle * MAC efficiency
Rx MAC Throughput = Rx PHY rate * Rx MAC duty cycle * MAC
efficiency
Calculating Layer 2 (MAC) Throughput
TDMA Window MAC Efficiency
8 ms 90%
4 ms 80%
2 ms 70%
MAC Duty Cycle
75%
50%
25%
12. UDP performance similar to Layer 2
TCP slower due to protocol overhead
Limiting Factors
RF Interference / Retries
Varying packet size
Network bottlenecks
QoS rules
Server congestion
TCP/UDP Throughput (Layer 4)
13. Latency specified across link (one direction at Layer 2)
Configurable, and a function of TDMA Transmit Window (2/4/8 ms)
ICMP is how we test latency (ping RTT at Layer 3)
RF interference and transmit retries increase latency
Estimating average latency with design margin (assuming retries)
1-Way Latency (ms) = 1.25 * TDMA Window Size (ms)
Round Trip Time (ms) = 2.5 * TDMA Window Size (ms)
Calculating Latency
http://help.mimosa.co/backhaul-faq-link-latency
24. Importance of Uniform Traffic Split
TransmitReceive
Time
ReceiveTransmitGender A
Gender B
50% 50%
TransmitReceive
Time
ReceiveTransmitGender A
Gender B
75% 25%
25. Importance of Uniform Traffic Split
TransmitReceive
Time
ReceiveTransmitGender A
Gender B
50% 50%
TransmitReceive
Time
ReceiveTransmitGender A
Gender B
50% 50%
27. Four per tower at 0, 85,
165, and 245 at
maximum performance
Geography dictates
possible angles
Additional radios can
be added at tolerated
drop in SNR /
throughput
Four Non-Overlapping Patterns
29. Site Survey (20 Seconds)
http://mimosa.co/home/Products/Backhaul/TDMA
• Only AP’s send beacons that show up in Site Survey Results
• High Signal Strength could indicate that AP’s are in close proximity
• Note and match TDMA Parameters with collocated radios if sharing frequencies
33. Adjust link settings to optimize throughput
Channel(s)
Channel width
Transmit power
Auto Everything
34. Available channels and power in compliance
with regulatory restrictions
Packet Error Rates (PER)
Noise data from spectrum analysis
Site Surveys before channel changes to avoid
interfering with other Mimosa AP's
Data Used for Decisions
Confidential 50
35. Channel changes: 8-12 minutes (2 minutes
with high PER)
Channel width reduction: 2 minutes
Hysteresis applied to limit subsequent
changes
Time Scale for Changes
Confidential 51
37. B5c Bench Test
RP SMA
Jumpers (x2)
50 Ohm, 30 dB
Attenuators (x2)
Type N Male to RP
SMA Female
Adapters (x4)
Tx Power:
-1 dBm / Channel
38. Download the latest firmware image (http://mimosa.co/firmware)
Log in to http://cloud.mimosa.co to obtain an unlock code
Connect the PoE to the Radio and wait for it to boot up
Access the radio in a browser at 192.168.1.20
Follow the prompts to upgrade firmware, unlock, enter a password, and login
Configure the radio:
Assign a friendly radio name
Configure the radio’s IP address
Set the SSID and Passphrase
Select the operating frequencies, channel width, and Tx Power
(Select the largest channel width in spectrum with least interference)
B5 Setup Steps
54. Power Per Chain
mW ÷ 4
Power Per Channel
mW ÷ 2
Total Tx Power
(mW)
Radio
Channel
1
Chain 1 Chain 2
Channel
2
Chain 3 Chain 4
Dashboard Tx Power Math (mW)
7
=
55. Per Chain
Per Channel
Total Tx Power
20 dBm
Dashboard Tx Power Math (dBm)
Equal Power Example
=17
20
17
14 14 14 14
20-3 dBm
17-3 dBm
64. How to Contact Us
Group Email Address
Sales sales@mimosa.co
Support support@mimosa.co
Everything Else inquiry@mimosa.co
Editor's Notes
This is the typical network topology of how mimosa’s radio is usually deploy in a end to end network.
The B stands for Backhaul products
A stands for Access products
C stands for Client products
G stands for Users device
While the numbering behind the frequency band
This is our portfolio of products to cover the backhaul solutions using the 5Ghz & 11Ghz
All Mimosa products are based on TDD technology from the 2.4Ghz, 5Ghz and up to the 11Ghz band.
4x4 means, 4 tx and 4 rx using 4 streams
Take note the frequency range support. All radio tx in 2 polarizations.
Yes, the Mimosa PoE power output pins look different from other POE’s, but the PoE output is not the same as the Radio input requirements listed on our datasheet. The radio only needs 48 V. The PoE is just beefed up…we tried to make it perform better than other PoE’s we saw in the market and included built-in lightning protection for it.
There’s a table available at the link below which shows there are many pin options for delivering power to the radio. We designed the radio to be widely compatible, and it contains an internal diode bridge circuit that allows power on many combinations of pins and protects against miswiring. One caveat is that you can’t have any jumpers that change the wiring between standards (T568A or B).
The Design application is used for link planning. We tried to make it intelligent and powerful, yet beautiful and simple to use on a variety of platforms.
The URL, cloud.mimosa.co provides free access to tools and resources for designing, deploying and managing your network. The Log In page is for users who already have an account. If you don’t have an account, simply click the “Don’t have an account?” link.
When creating a new account, enter your name and email address, select a country, choose a password, and accept the terms of use. The country selection defines the default country used for the first network you create. Once you have an account, you can also create additional networks and assign a different country to each if you choose. The country selection affects the radio unlock process which we’ll talk more about in a few moments.
Upon logging in, you are presented with a menu of three application options: Unlock, Design, and Manage. The third option, Manage will be greyed out unless you have already purchased or unlocked a device. I’m going to describe the Design application first, followed by the Unlock and Manage applications.
Once you log in, you’ll notice that the workspace is primarily map-based with pins representing radios and the lines between them are links. The colors indicate expected performance, so you’ll know ahead of time if the design will meet your expectations. Each link that you create can be saved so that you can edit it later.
To create a point-to-point link, either enter coordinates of each location, or just drag and drop pins onto the map. In the background, the Design application will perform a path analysis and provide expected performance. Each point-to-point link can be further modified from the default values by clicking the Link Settings button.
The Link Settings window contains Radio Details including the channels and channel widths, power, gain, and configurable loss factors. The Link Budget on the right calculates the Rx signal strength and the signal to noise ratio after subtracting free space path loss, rain fade, and atmospheric attenuation. Some of the icons at the bottom of the Link Budget change colors (red, green, yellow) to indicate that the link meets target SNR requirements.
A second tab on the Link Settings page shows weather details, like the effects of rain, temperature, pressure and humidity. We recommend using the default values which are calculated based on ITU-R standards for each location.
Transmit window set at auto gives the best latency figures. When setting in Auto, the radio will use between 0-4ms window sizing.
First you take the PHY rate for each side, and then factor in the TDMA settings. The MAC duty cycle is one half of the TDMA Traffic Split (options are 50/50, 75/25, or Auto which can be 25/75). MAC efficiency is influenced by the TDMA window…longer windows mean less overhead for the same amount of data sent across the link. The opposite is true to shorter windows…you have lower latency because you’re not waiting as long to send a portion of the data, but you can’t send as much data at a time.
Here’s an example calculation using Dashboard values.
There are some taxes to pay on the way from Layer 2 to Layer 4. The first penalty is from Layer 3, as you recall was IP addressing and routing. The second penalty is the Layer 4 protocol – either UDP or TCP. UDP is connectionless and unidirectional, whereas TCP requires bi-directional communication and acknowledgements from a host that data was received. There are some other limiting factors as well.
TDMA-FD mode is similar to FDD in that it uses separate frequencies for sending and receiving when there isn’t a mutually good channel for both sides to receive. But with TDMA, each side still takes a turn sending and receiving which retains the advantage of GPS Sync and spectrum reuse.
When you select an FD mode, Center Frequency 1 and Tx Power 1 are used by the AP to transmit, and Center Frequency 2 and Tx Power 2 are used by the Station to transmit. They in turn receive on the opposite channels. That is the AP’s Receive Frequency is the STA’s transmit frequency, and the AP’s Transmit Frequency is the STA’s Receive Frequency.
Once in FD mode, on the Dashboard, you’ll note that the Channel Width shows FD, and that the MIMO status reflects that it is transmitting on one channel and receiving on another.
What is collocation? [Ask Audience] Looking for the answer: “radios at the same site sharing spectrum”. Well, how does that work?
Total of 48 satellites in orbit: 24 GPS, 24 GLONASS. At least 3 satellites are needed to determine position, but more are better for enhanced accuracy. At least 4 of each type are always visible. Position is calculated based on the propagation delay of received signals and the known position of each satellite through a process called spherical trilateration.
TDMA is a time-based protocol where each side of a link takes turns sending and receiving. The Gender of the radio determines when it will start transmitting, either on the rising edge of the clock pulse, or after the remote radio’s transmission time has ended.
Each side takes turns sending and receiving. These two links have to have the same TDMA window and traffic split settings.
If radios at the same site have differing traffic splits, they will hear each others transmissions as noise when it is their turn to receive.
The Tx/Rx transition takes place at the same time such that other radios do not appear as noise.
Because both Gender A radios are transmitting at the same time, they don’t interfere with each other’s receive windows. But when Gender B radios transmit, some of the energy from reaches the neighboring radio because of its proximity. If we’re smart, we can plan for this and make some smart design decisions.
So how do we fix that?
Yes, you can…even without communicating with them to coordinate. Here’s how.
If you perform a site survey (which does interrupt the link), the results will show what AP’s are detected, their vendor, and TDMA settings in the case of Mimosa. In the image, you’ll note that nearby AP’s (with high signal strength) are probably nearby. In this case, you should match the TDMA gender (A or B), traffic split (50/50), and transmit window (4 ms) to avoid interference and enable frequency reuse. Another option is to select an entirely different frequency. Note that Auto Everything does not change TDMA settings by design, so TDMA settings must be modified manually.
Auto Channel is a feature that makes automatic adjustments to AP settings (channel, primary channel, channel width, and transmit power) to improve the average PHY rate for all connected clients. Its behavior is different depending on the type of connected clients.
100% Mimosa Deployments
If every client connected to the AP is another Mimosa device (C5/C5c), each client's received signal is excluded from the AP's spectrum analysis results, providing a clear view of interference.
Mixed Client Deployments
Decision logic varies when non-Mimosa clients are connected to the AP. This is because non-Mimosa clients show up in spectrum analysis data as noise, so spectrum analysis data is ignored, and AP PHY errors are used instead.
Client PHY Statistics
Auto Channel arbitrarily selects a channel when it starts for the first time after boot up, and then uses client data to make change decisions. For this reason, we recommend manually selecting the channel with the least interference for the AP, connecting a few clients, and then turning on Auto Channel. The last known configuration, either auto or manual, is used after subsequent reboots.
Time Scale and Change Frequency
The time range for channel changes is 8-12 minutes, but high PER can accelerate this to as little as 3 minutes. A reduction in channel width takes 2 minutes.
Hysteresis is applied based on recent channel change history such that higher thresholds are required for subsequent changes. The threshold limits depend on whether the AP has all Mimosa clients, non-Mimosa clients, or a mix of both. The penalty applied based on history is reset every 6 hours.
Channel and channel width changes take 2 minutes per each additional A5 detected in site survey results. When multiple A5's are detected in site survey results, a hashing algorithm is employed to allow each AP to self organize and divide spectrum across all available channels.
B5c’s can associate without an antenna (experience varies). We recommend wired connections utilizing attenuators on both channels (e.g. Mini-Circuits 15542 VAT-30+, 50 Ohm). We also don’t recommend connecting both radios to the same Ethernet switch which can result in network loops.
Mimosa.co/firmware leads you to the firmware for your product.
AP firmware is >40MB. This is much larger than other Mimosa products because it contains NPU code.
The URL, cloud.mimosa.co provides free access to tools and resources for designing, deploying and managing your network. Let’s start by obtaining an unlock code for your A5.
Choose the network and country for unlock, enter the device serial number, agree to the terms, and click the Submit button. The device serial number is printed on the device and on the outside of the box containing it.
The unlock process provide many benefits. It prevents counterfeiting, sets regulatory rules for each country, starts the warranty, gives you free remote management on the Mimosa cloud, and acts as a theft deterrent.
Assign a unique, friendly name for the AP that describes where the AP is located. This name will appear at the top of the screen for context, and is also shown in the Manage application.
DHCP or static IP address options. When down making changes, click the Save Changes button. To abandon changes, click the trash can icon.
Give the SSID a name and select a security option. The default SSID’s cannot be turned off, but you can turn down the power and hide the SSID broadcast. Type: CPE is for fixed clients like the C5, and Hotspot mode is for mobile clients.
The 5 GHz Channel & Power panel allows for changing the channel, channel width, power and Automatic Gain Control (AGC) values.
Auto Channel Selection - Click the slider to turn Auto Channel Selection on or off. This function selects the channel that results in the best RF performance.
Channel Width (MHz) - Choose the channel width for access point operation: 20 MHz, 40 MHz or 80 MHz.
Center Frequency (MHz) - Select the center frequency of the channel used on the access point. The center frequency represents the absolute center of the selected channel width without any offset.
Tx Power (dBm) - Set the desired transmit power level. The allowed options are determined by a combination of country and chosen frequency.
Primary Channel - Select the primary channel number that corresponds with the operating frequency.
Wireless Mode - Select the wireless mode that the AP should support.
WiFi Interop - Select for compatibility with newer 3rd party Access Points.
GPS+GNSS Sync (Future) - Mimosa proprietary TDMA protocol for fixed Clients.
Traffic Optimization - This feature improves throughput at higher client counts. The default value is on. Changing this value requires a reboot.
AGC Mode - The Automatic Gain Control (AGC) feature is used to set the signal level below which the radio ignores incoming RF interference. The choices are Off or Manual.
AGC Minimum Rx Power (dBm) - In Manual mode, select an Rx power level below your expected signal, but above other interference (-90 to -10 dBm).
Notes:
Select the largest channel available that SNR allows to enable the highest capacity. Clients incapable of larger channels widths can still associate at a smaller channel width on the primary channel.
Third party clients may show up as interference in the spectrum graph if they do not support 802.11h “Channel Quiet” action frames.
Set exclusions to prevent Auto Channel from moving to a portion of spectrum with lower EIRP limits.
Since the values are expressed in dBm, the can’t be added directly. This can lead to confusion since you specify power per channel, and it is then displayed on the dashboard per chain and in total.
Here’s a hierarchical view of how Total Tx power in a radio is shared amongst channels and chains. In this example, we’re thinking of power in mW, and assuming equal power on both channels, which break down equally into 4 chains.
If total Tx power was split equally between channels, half of 16 would be 13 (16-3) using the 3 dB rule. Chains are always half of the channel power, so 13-3 is 10 dBm.
Once you have deployed your radios, you’re probably going to want to monitor their performance over time and troubleshoot problems based on historical data. Let’s talk about the Manage application that allows you to do just that.
The Manage dashboard is a map view similar to the Design dashboard, but these are real links and their status.
The Topology view shows Northbound/Southbound or Parent-Child relationships between devices.
A Device list allows searching and bulk actions for devices that you select. Check the box next to each device and then perform an action such as upgrading firmware. If you click on one of the device names, it will lead to a Device page containing historical data.
Each Device page shows the device status (data is collected every 5 minutes). You can view and interact with data for the last 24 hours including PHY, SNR, EVM, MCS, Throughput, PER and Spectrum.
The Firmware page allows you update many devices in an order that you specify.
This is the easiest one of all…
Help.mimosa.co is the place to go for documentation and help from Mimosa support. You can find FAQ’s, User Guides, or even chat with us here.
We don’t have a forum. Instead we offer direct support and do our best to document solutions in a clear and complete way.
If you’d rather email us, that’s fine too. Depending on the need you can get to specific groups with these addresses which are received by each respective group.
