Exceptional Development

1. z
EXCEPTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III

2. z
INTELLIGENCE TESTING: IQ SCORE
ABOVE 130:
 Signals intellectual giftedness
BELOW 70:
 Indicates mental retardation visibly
demonstrated by the child’s inability to
cope with appropriate activities of
everyday life

3. z
Dyslexia
 Difficulties in learning attributed to
language impairments and reading
disabilities

4. z
EXCEPTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN
CHILDREN
1. The Intellectually Gifted
2. Children With Intellectual Deficits
 Turner Syndrome
 Klinefelter’s Syndrome
 Pervasive Developmental Disorders
 Autistic Disorder
 Asperger’s Syndrome

5. z
THE
INTELLECTUALLY
GIFTED CHILD

6. z
THE INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED
 Has an exceptional intellectual capabilities
 When to put him in school?
 When to be accelerated?
 What activities for them to engage in?
 When to skip grades?

7. z
 This is crucial because placing a child in
a situation where he has to meet and
deal with adults may likely disrupt his
social and emotional development.
 They may show preferences for older
children for company.
THE INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED

8. z
• An influential psychologist
who is known for his version
of the Stanford-Binet
intelligence test and for his
longitudinal study of
giftedness.
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). How Lewis Terman Influenced The Field Of
Psychology. Retrieved February 1, 2020, from
https://www.verywellmind.com/lewis-terman-biography-2795523.
LEWIS TERMAN (1877-1956)

9. z
LEWIS TERMAN
• His research on gifted child is the longest-
lasting longitudinal study ever conducted.
• His work added important contributions to the
understanding of how intelligence influences
life success, health, and outcomes.

10. z
LEWIS TERMAN
He is best known for:
• Genetic studies of genius
• Educational psychology pioneer
• Eugenics
• Further development and refinement of the
Binet-Simon IQ test
• Mental testing
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). How Lewis Terman Influenced The Field Of Psychology. Retrieved February 1, 2020, from https://www.verywellmind.com/lewis-terman-biography-2795523.

11. z
ACCORDING TO LEWIS TERMAN ON
GIFTED CHILD (1954)
“Bright children are usually far ahead
of their age mates, not just
intellectually, but socially and
physically as well.”

12. z
Fellow researchers supported Terman’s
view:
Richardson and Benbow (1990)
Hetherington (2006)
ACCORDING TO LEWIS TERMAN ON
GIFTED CHILD (1954)

13. z
VERONICA DARK AND CAMILLA
BENBOW (1993) ON GIFTED CHILD
The processes that underlie the cognitive
achievements of gifted children are not
unique – it is simply that the gifted
children are able to learn faster and more
efficiently and process information at a
rapid pace, significantly better and
different from the rest.

14. z
EDUCATIONAL ALTERNATIVES FOR
GIFTED CHILDREN
ENRICHMENT PROGRAMS
Activities designed to make their
educational advancement more
interesting and challenging
Special classes in particular areas of
their interest

15. z
EDUCATIONAL ALTERNATIVES FOR
GIFTED CHILDREN
ENRICHMENT PROGRAMS
 Creative writing
 Painting
 Dancing etc.
Special consideration is the child’s
inclination

16. z
CHILDREN WITH
INTELLECTUAL
DEFICIT

17. z
CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• distinct physical appearance and
physical and mental retardation
• Almond-shaped eyes
• Folded eyelids
• Short stature

18. z
CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• Susceptible to respiratory infections, heart
disorders, leukemia, and pneumonia
• Mental retardation can be moderate to
severe
• At risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease
later in life

19. z
CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• Lifespan now able to reach the age of 60’s
• Caused by chromosomal deviations labeled
number 21 (also called trisonomy 21)
- have 3 of this chromosomes instead of
the normal 2.

20. z
CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• trisonomy 21
- extra 21st chromosome most often
comes from the mother’s egg when
her homologous pair of 21st chromosomes
fail to separate during meiosis

21. z
CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• trisonomy 21
-Male sperm carry the extra
chromosome in only about 5% of
cases

22. z
CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• trisonomy 21
- occurs more often as women age,
and that of the father’s age too.
(reason is not yet understood)

23. z
CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• trisonomy 21
- rates are higher for men over 50
• Develops in infants fairly normally for
their first 6 months but begins to have
an intellectual growth decline after
about a year.

24. z
CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• These children are slow to learn to
speak, have difficulty articulating words
• Have difficulty attending to,
discriminating, and interpreting
complex or subtle information in their
environments

25. z
TURNER SYNDROME
 A chromosome abnormality found in
females
 A secondary sex characteristics are
developed only with the administration of
female hormones
 Any abnormality in the internal reproductive
organs causes permanent sterility

26. z
KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
 A chromosomal abnormality
characterized by a feminine physical
characteristics like breast
development and rounded, broad,
hipped figure

27. z
KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
 Male inherits an extra X chromosome,
resulting in XXX pattern, making him
sterile.
 Similar to a triple X female, he is
sometimes mentally retarded and has
verbal language deficits and reading
problems.

28. z
KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
 Male who inherits an extra Y
chromosome, the XXX pattern ones
believed to be accompanied by
excessive aggressiveness is very
likely to suffer from cognitive
impairment.

29. z
KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
 The XYY man generally ages taller
than normal man, but have not been
shown to be anymore aggressive or
violent than others.

30. z
KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
FRAGILE X SYNDROME
 the X chromosome looks like pinched
or narrowed causing it weak or fragile.
 More frequent in male than female
- 5% of retarded male with IQ scores
between 30 and 55

31. z
KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
FRAGILE X SYNDROME
 More common physical abnormalities
are cleft palate, seizures, abnormal
ECG, Eye disorder.
 Psychological and social problems are
anxiety, hyperactivity, attention deficits,
abnormal communication patterns

32. z
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT
DISORDERS
• collection of disorders characterized by
gross deficits in areas of cognitive,
emotional and social developments
• Results from severe and pervasive
impairment of social inateractions and
communication skills

33. z
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT
DISORDERS
Schizoprenia vs. PVD:
• Ages of onset- PVD is evident in the
first few years, schizophrenia is most
common in the adolescence or early
adulthood

34. z
PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT
DISORDERS
• Psychoses
• Have often been confused with
schizoprenia (characterized by
hallucination, delusion and other
kinds of thought disorder)

35. z
AUTISTIC DISORDER
 Known as early infantile autism or
childhood autism.
 Also known as Kanner’s Autism (Leo
Kanner discovered this)

36. z
AUTISTIC DISORDER
 Characterized by inability of the
children to communicate and interact
socially. Have specific language
deficiency
 They engage inrepetitive behaviors

37. z
AUTISTIC DISORDER
FEATURES:
a. Extreme Autistic Alonennes
b. Language Abnormalities – tends to
repeat the words(echolalia) rather
than reply
c. Repetitive behaviors.

38. z
AUTISTIC DISORDER
• Common in boys than girls
• Ratio is 3 to 5 boys is to 1 girl

39. z
ASPERGER’S SYNDROME
• Identified by Hans Asperger (1994)
• A developmental disorder which has
many symptoms similar to autism
• Mild form than autism because they
have higher mental functioning

40. z
ASPERGER’S SYNDROME
• Autistics hare likely to have mental
retardation than Asperger’s
Syndrome
- the latter having average or above
average intelligence

41. z
REFERENCES
Cherry, Kendra (2019). How Lewis Terman Influenced The Field Of
Psychology. Retrieved February 1, 2020, from
https://www.verywellmind.com/lewis-terman-biography-2795523.