Class presentation for Social Sciences 1º BIL LOMCE using Santillana's classbook.

1. Unit 5 - Natural landscapes

2. What types of climate are there?
WORLD CLIMATES

3. 1- Natural and humanized landscapes
Natural landscapes are
areas that have not been
modified by human
activity.
Many of these areas are
natural reserves today,
to protect them from
human activity.

4. Natural landscapes

6. Humanized landscapes
Humanized
landscapes are the
ones that have been
modified by human
activity, for example,
rural landscapes,
agricultural landscapes,
human settlements,
industrial or mining
areas, etc.

8. Homework
Exercise 2 on page 73, and 2 on page 86.

9. 2- The equatorial rainforest
REMINDER!
Equatorial climate. It is found near the
equator. Temperatures are always hot
(average around 27ºC), there is very
little variation in temperatures, and
precipitation is abundant and regular,
more than 2000 mm a year.
EQUATORIAL
RAINFORESTS are found in
regions close to the equator,
as you can check in the map.
Dense and varied vegetation
grows in rainforests because
of their heat and humidity.
They are home to an
extremely wide range of plant
and animal species,
especially insects and birds.

10. Rainforests
The trees are broad-leaved and
evergreen, and the vegetation tends
to grow in three layers (undergrowth,
intermediate trees and shrubs, and
very tall trees, which form a canopy).
They have a lot of species of
animals and plants.
These landscapes are almost
uninhabited because of the heat
and humidity. However some native
peoples live by hunting or gathering
plants.

11. Layers of the
rainforest ->

12. Indigenous peoples

14. Homework
Exercises 2, 3 and 4 on page 75.

15. 3- A tropical landscape: the savannah
TROPICAL CLIMATES
They are found in the hot climate
zone. Temperatures are always
high. Rainfall is abundant (500-
2000 mm) but not regular. There
are two seasons: the rainy
season and the dry season.
Rivers have a smaller, more
irregular flow than equatorial
rivers.
Depending on precipitation, we
can find dry or wet tropical
climate.

16. TROPICAL LANDSCAPES
They include: the savannah, the tropical
rainforest and the hot desert.
Tropical rainforest are similar to equatorial
rainforests, but their vegetation is less
dense.
In tropical regions most people live on the
coast or near the rivers.

17. Savannah
Tropical savannahs are
open grasslands, usually with
scattered bushes or trees,
characteristic of much of
tropical Africa.
They are home to many
herbivores as well as
carnivores.
Most people live on the coast
or near the rivers. There are
small towns.

18. Activities
Exercise 1 on page 76.

19. 4- The desert
DESERT CLIMATES
There is very little precipitation (less
than 250 mm). There are two types:
.Hot deserts are near the tropics.
Temperatures varies a lot from day
(can be over 50ºC) to night (below
0ºC).
.Cold deserts are in temperate zones,
and they have two seasons (hot and
cold).
DESERT LANDSCAPES
Vegetations and animal life are
scarce because of the lack of water.
However there are species that have
adapted to dry conditions.
They are almost uninhabited, but
some nomads live in deserts.
Some towns have developed in
deserts around the oil and natural
gas industries.

24. Activities
Exercises 2, 3 and 4 on page 77.

25. 5- Mediterranean landscapes
MEDITERRANEAN CLIMATES
It is found around the Mediterranean
sea. However it exists in other parts
of the world.
Temperatures are very high in
summer and mild in winter.
Precipitation is not abundant and
mainly in autumn and spring,
summers are dry.
Droughts are a big problem.
MEDITERRANEAN
LANDSCAPES
Rivers have an irregular flow. It
depends on the season. Floods are
a danger.
In mediterranean forests there are
different trees, shrubs and plants.
However this landscape has
changed a lot because of human
action both inland and on the
coast.

29. Activities
Exercises 1 to 4 on pages 78-79.

30. 6- Oceanic landscapes
OCEANIC CLIMATES
They are located in the west
coasts of temperate zones.
Temperatures are mild.
Precipitation is abundant and
regular.
Rivers have a regular flow.
OCEANIC LANDSCAPES
Vegetation is abundant and
green.
Types:
-Meadows.
-Deciduous forests.
-Moors
Theses areas are densely
populated.

32. Deciduous forests
They have deciduous trees such as oaks, and
beeches, they lose their leaves in the autumn.

33. Moors
There are moors in
areas where the soil is
poor.
Bushes and short
grasses grow on the
moors.

34. Meadows The grass in meadows is used as pasture for animals.

36. Exercise 1 on page 80 + questions on this chart.

37. 7- Continental landscapes
CONTINENTAL CLIMATES
These are located in the temperate
zones in the Northern hemisphere.
Temperatures have a great range,
they are extreme.
Precipitation generally occurs in
summer.
Rivers could be frozen during winter.
CONTINENTAL LANDSCAPES
1- Coniferous forests or taigas: long
winters. Coniferous trees. Very small
population.
2- Grasslands: are found on plains,
in continental climates.
Prairies: moderate rainfall. High
grass. Most people live there.
Steppes: drier areas, low grass.

39. Coniferous forest or taiga

40. Prairies

41. Steppes

43. Homework
Exercises 1, 2 and 3 on pages 82-83.

44. 8- Polar landscapes
POLAR CLIMATES
They are found in both poles.
They are the coldest on Earth. It
is always cold.
It is night for six months.
There is little precipitation and it
is in the form of snow.
POLAR LANDSCAPES
They are covered by ice and snow.
The subsoil is frozen so plants
cannot grow, and only a few
animals live there.
Near the polar circles, where it is
hotter, there is the tundra
landscape, with some vegetations
and more animals.
Human life is very difficult.

46. Arctic landscape

47. Antarctic landscape

48. Tundra

49. Homework

50. 9- Mountain landscapes
MOUNTAIN OR ALPINE
CLIMATES
Located in the highest mountain
ranges.
Temperatures are very low in
winter and cool in summer.
There is abundant precipitation.
Temperatures and precipitation
change with altitude.
ALPINE LANDSCAPES
Vegetation changes from one
part of the mountain to another,
it changes with:
-altitude
-sunny or shady slope
-windy areas
Population depends on climate.

54. Speaking time...

55. Homework
Exercises 1, 4, 6 on page 86.