8. TYPICAL FORMAT OF A RESEARCH ARTICLE Abstract Introduction Methods Results Discussion Works cited Example: Effectiveness of a Falls-and-Fracture Nurse Coordinator to Reduce Falls: A Randomized, Controlled Trial of At-Risk Older Adults
9. PEER REVIEW A process done by many scholarly journals Expert reviewers (peers) evaluate the article’s methodology, merit, and overall unique contribution to research in a specific discipline PRIOR to publication In the health sciences, peer review is almost universal when it comes to primary research published in the journal literature Why is this important?
10. RESEARCHERS GENERALLY FOLLOW ONE OF TWO TYPES OF METHODOLOGIES: Qualitative-investigations which use sensory methods such as listening or observing to gather & organize data into patterns or themes Quantitative-investigations in which numbers are used to measure variables such as characteristics, concepts or things.
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12. There are other types of content in peer reviewed journals Peer reviewed journals publish original research as well as other materials such as: News articles Editorials Review articles Case studies EX: Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic & Neonatal Nursing Not all of these materials are peer reviewed
14. Review Articles Author(s) describe or summarize the research of others Attempt to identify trends or draw broader conclusions May use same or similar format to a research article. Meta-analyses and systematic reviews vs literature reviews Example: Prevention of falls and fall-related fractures in community-dwelling older adults: a meta-analysis of estimates of effectiveness based on recent guidelines.
15. Case Studies A detailed report on one patient/case Draws conclusions only on that one patient in that context-i.e. not generalizable Descriptive Goal is to offer new directions for research; ask new questions Multidisciplinary approach to "accidental" falls in the elderly: a case report.
16. NOTE: ALL OF THESE ARTICLE TYPES CAN APPEAR IN A PEER REVIEWED JOURNAL
17. Internet vs. Databases Internet Databases Broad sweep of information Unorganized/unstructured Includes advertising Access is free, but some information is fee based Partially indexed Keyword searching is available, but subject categories may be difficult to determine Results ranked my relevancy determined by computer programs Unstable: content and format change frequently No selection criteria for content – anyone can add to the internet Quick and easy, but not necessarily accurate. Information includes: commercials, personal opinions, current news, entertainment, government documents, academic research, non-profit /educational sites, hoaxes, social networks. Focused on a particular discipline or type of information Organized/structured No advertising Available only to subscribers Fully indexed Searchable by subject, keyword, author, date and other limits such as full-textor peer-reviewed Results ranked by chronology or relevancy Stable: articles can be located again for verification Content is selected and controlled While delivered over the Internet, not considered a website Information includes: abstracts, articles in magazines, journals, and newspapers, scholarly/peer-reviewed articles, case studies, and research
18. CINAHL Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Contains articles in nursing and fields such as audiology, physical therapy, respiratory therapy, etc 750 journals 1 million citations back to 1937
19. Medline World’s premier medical/health science database Articles from all health fields: medicine, nursing, dentistry, exercise science, veterinary medicine, allied health, etc. 4800 journals Over 19 million citations back to 1940
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