Presentation made at Dr. Reddy Labs, Miyapur, Hyderabad on 25th January 2013

1. Rainwater Harvesting
25th January 2013
Dr. N. Sai Bhaskar Reddy
CEO, GEO , http://e-geo.org
Dr. Reddy Labs Miyapur, Hyderabad

2. Condensation
Let’s take a look at
Precipitation The Water Cycle
Evapotranspiration
Evaporation
Infiltration
Surface Runoff
Consumption Surface Water
.ppt (2)
Sea water intrusion

4. • Rainwater harvesting is
the accumulating and
storing of rainwater for
reuse before it reaches
the aquifer.
• The principle of
collecting and using
precipitation from a
catchments surface.

5. The Barefoot College, Tilonia

6. POLLUTED WATER
The Barefoot College, Tilonia

7. Every drop counts

8. Freshwater management in India
Water Conservation
Watershed management
Water quality conservation
Inter basin water transfer
GW management
Recycle and reuse of water
Public involvement and capacity building

9. What Is Rainwater Harvesting?
RWH technology consists of simple systems to collect, convey,
and store rainwater. Rainwater capture is accomplished
primarily from roof-top, surface runoff, and other surfaces.
RWH either captures stored rainwater for direct use (irrigation,
production, washing, drinking water, etc.) or is recharged into the
local ground water and is call artificial recharge.
In many cases, RWH systems are used in conjunction with Aquifer
Storage and Recovery (ASR). ASR is the introduction of RWH
collected rainwater to the groundwater / aquifer through various
structures in excess of what would naturally infiltrate then
recovered for use

10. Why Rainwater Harvesting?
Conserve and supplement existing water resources
Available for capture and storage in most global locations
Potentially provide improved quality of water
Supply water at one of the lowest costs possible for a
supplemental supply source.
Capturing and directing storm water (run-off) and beneficially
use it
Commitment as a corporate citizen - showcasing
environmental concerns
Public Mandate (India)
Replenishing local ground water aquifers where lowering of
water tables has occured

11. Why Not RWH?
Not applicable in all climate conditions over the world
Performance seriously affected by climate fluctuations that sometimes
are hard to predict
Increasingly sophisticated RWH systems (ASR) necessarily increases
complexities in cost, design, operation, maintenance, size and
regulatory permitting
Collected rainwater can be degraded with the inclusion of storm water
runoff
Collected water quality might be affected by external factors
Collection systems require monitoring and continuous maintenance
and improvement to maintain desired water quality characteristics
for water end-use
Certain areas will have high initial capital cost

12. Collection Area
Rainfall
Demand
Primary Use (Direct Use, Artificial Recharge (AR) or Aquifer Storage
and Recovery (ASR))
Storage capacity
Level of Security - risk of the storage tank running dry

13. Measure Area
Runoff Characteristics
• Roof top 0.75 – 0.95
• Paved area 0.50 – 0.85
• Bare ground 0.10 – 0.20
• “Green area” 0.05 – 0.10
Water harvesting potential(m3) = Area (m2) X Rainfall (m) X Collection
Efficiency

14. Quality Issues
Roofs contain:
bird droppings,
atmospheric dust,
industrial and
urban air pollution

15. Operational
Procedures and
Design
Considerations
Tar based roof coatings and
materials should not be
Screen to prevent Lead based paint must not
used – Phenolics and other
birds, animal and insects; be used on the roof;
organics can leach from
materials
If roofs painted with acrylic
paints, new concrete or
metal roofing - first few
Clean the gutters and tank
rainfalls should not be
every 3 months
collected to avoid metals,
detergents, and other
chemicals

16. Operational Procedures and Design
Considerations
Storage tank – dark
Tank in protected
materials to exclude Corrosion resistant
shaded area – lower
light and algae materials
temperature
formation
Regional wind direction
For multiple storage
and industrial activity –
tanks – design for
Lead, Mercury, other
frequent turnover
heavy metals

17. SAND
CHARCOAL
GRAVEL AND SAND
THREE 15 LITER TIN
CANS, SAND, GRAVEL , TAP AND PVC
PIPE

18. Storage
1. Ponds and Reservoirs
2. Artificial recharge of Groundwater
3. Water Tanks
4. Rainwater runoff in surface water
5. Rainwater runoff in groundwater
6. Rainwater runoff in tanks
7. Effluent in surface water
8. Effluent in ground water

19. Every drop counts

20. Every drop counts

22. Every drop counts

23. Jn nurm – URBAN RAIN WATER HARVESTING
Tackle water shortage during summers
Recharge aquifers
Reduced power consumption in pumping water
Reduced water logging and flooding in low lying areas
Reduced erosion
Improved Groundwater quality through dilution. Eg: Coastal areas

24. Means of water conservation
New dams -
inter-basin Groundwater -
transfer underdeveloped
Water savings -
Demand increase in
Management efficiency, reduce
evaporation.
Water productivity
Virtual water –
- increases in
Food production
crop per drop

25. Water Conservation…
Install small shower heads to reduce the flow of the
water. Water in which the vegetables & fruits have
been washed - use to water the flowers & plants.
At the end of the day if you have water left in your
water bottle do not throw it away, pour it over some
plants.
Re-use water as much as possible
Change in attitude & habits for water conservation

26. Hyderabad RWH POTENTIAL
The annual average rainfall in Hyderabad is about 700mm
per year, the MCH area is about 170 square kilometers.
The amount of rainfall every year on Hyderabad’s MCH
area is 118000 Mega Liters per Year (MLY) which is
equivalent to 32300 Mega Liter per Day (MLD). The
overall installed supply capacities of all reservoirs are
930 MLD. So the amount of rain fall in Hyderabad is
more than thirty times the amount the city gets
supplied with from the reservoirs. And this is just the
rain falling in the MCH area which is less than 20 % of
the GHMC area. The question is what happens with
these clean, unpolluted water masses falling every year
in Hyderabad.

27. Hyderabad

28. Hyderabad (Andhra Pradesh)
Rainwater harvesting has been made mandatory in all new buildings with an
area of 300 sq m or more.
Tentative for enforcing this deadline was June 2001.
• Mandatory to provide RWH in all Group Housing and Commercial
Complexes
• Mandatory for all categories of buildings including residential
• All existing buildings in Municipalities/Municipal Corporations shall
construct rain water harvesting structures within a period of one year
from issue of this GO. Competent authority shall insist on implementation
of RWH in all layouts and sub divisions for sanctioning the same
Andhra Pradesh Water, Land and Trees Act, 2002
Government order for all Municipalities in Andhra Pradesh

29. Administrative Measures Implementation Technical Incentive
s/
Penalties
Measur Municipal Corporation of Hyderabad Metropolitan Technical experts
es Hyderabad (MCH) has also Water Supply and have questioned
taken made it mandatory to Sewerage Board HUDA norms for RWH
provide RWH to any (HMWS&SB) has special structures and believe
additional buildings/multi Cells at their office where that injection wells can
stories in plots over 300 people can get information be made 5ft deep
sqm regarding RWH instead of 6.5ft deep
All existing Municipal In critical areas, as prescribed by
building were made to HMWS&SB has HUDA
undertake RWH within 1 constructed nearly 14,000
year from the issue of RWH structures
Notification
Shortfall Applications submitted for Government departments 50%
RWH by citizens to ask residents to contact subsidy
Municipal Corporation of listed contractors who announce
Hyderabad (MCH), HMWS claim very high rates d on
& SB and Hyderabad Urban Lack of coordination RWH
Development Authority between different structures
(HUDA) met with no or little Government Departments was lifted
response dealing with RWH due to
RWH has not spread widely Out of 5,000 applications poor
due to non cooperation of submitted, only 500 are response.
concerned departments implemented

30. Incentive for RWH
• GO 302 – Andhra Pradesh Revised Building Rules, 2008
• Incentives for owners rain water harvesting / recycling of waste water:
• The following incentives in terms of rebate in Property tax will be given by
the local authority for owners or their successors-in-interest who:
Undertake both recycling of waste water and rain water harvesting
structures: 10 % rebate
Disincentive for lack of Greenery and RWH structures:
• If the Greenery development as mentioned in Rule 9.9 is not provided and
maintained and Rain water harvesting structures are not provided, 10% of
additional Property tax every year would be imposed as penalty by the
sanctioning authority till the said condition is fulfilled.

32. Borewell recharge filters

37. Roof top rainwater
harvesting
At AVANI, Berinag,
Uttarakhand

41. RECHARGE WELLS
The Barefoot College, Tilonia

42. Where to do RWH ?
• Individual homes
• Colonies
• Apartments
• Institutions
• Schools/colleges/universities
• Clubs
• Hospitals
• Industries
• Slums
• Every where

45. How much will it cost and what are the
parameters that affect the cost?

46. Maintenance

48. With a base period of 10
years a rainwater
harvesting construction
could gain an eco-nomic
benefit of 1100 INR for
the exemplary slum
household and 2650INR
for the ex-emplary
middle class household.
It would take about 7
years until the
investment costs
amortize.

49. Ref: http://...