The ornamental fish industry(iranocichla persa vs iranocichla hormuzensis)

1. THE ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY

2. AQURIUM HISTORY
• In 1369, the Hongwu Emperor of China established a porcelain company that produced
large porcelain tubs for maintaining goldfish; over time, people produced tubs that
approached the shape of modern fish bowls.It is sometimes held that the aquarium
was invented by the Romans, who are said to have kept sea barbels in marble-and-
glass tanks, but this is unlikely to be true
• English chemist Robert Warington experimented with a 13-gallon container, which
contained goldfish, eelgrass, and snails, creating one of the first stable aquaria. The
aquarium principle was fully developed by Warington, explaining that plants added to
water in a container would give off enough oxygen to support animals, so long as their
numbers do not grow too large. He published his findings in 1850 in the Chemical
Society's journal.
• In 1832, Jeanne Villepreux-Power, a pioneering French marine biologist, became the
first person to create aquaria for experimenting with aquatic organisms. In 1836, soon
after his invention of the Wardian case.
• The keeping of fish in an aquarium became a popular hobby and spread quickly. In the
United Kingdom, it became popular after ornate aquaria in cast-iron frames were
featured at the Great Exhibition of 1851. In 1853, the aquarium craze was launched in

3. The Jardin zoologique at the Bois
de Boulogne included an
aquarium that housed both fresh
and saltwater animals, 1860 in
Paris.

5. AQUARIUM TYPES
1. Freshwater Aquarium
• The mainstay of the hobby and the most popular setup, a
freshwater tank setup can be a great first tank and it will give you
the necessary experience needed for branching out into other
types of tanks. This setup is the least expensive in terms of
equipment and livestock and is not usually as demanding as the
othertypes,You can keep live aquarium plants in your tank as well.
2. Saltwater Aquarium
Saltwater tanks are perceived to be more difficult than freshwater
tanks. With the increasing use of live rock as the primary biological
filter in a saltwater tank setup, the chances of successfully running
this type of aquarium have dramatically improved. The ultimate tank
setup in this hobby has to be the reef tank setup. It's like having a
small piece of the coral reef in your living room. The emphasis is on
the corals and invertebrates with a limited amount of fish.

6. Salt water tank
Fresh water tank

7. NITROGEN CYCLE
• The aquarium nitrogen cycle is a very important process for the establishment
of beneficial bacteria in the aquarium and in the filter media that will help in the
conversion of ammonia to nitrite and then the conversion of nitrite to nitrates.
Check out the aquarium water chemistry page (on the left) for more information
on these terms.
• This process can take from 2 weeks to 2 months or longer to complete.
• Test your aquarium water every other day and write down your readings. You
will first see ammonia levels rising. A few weeks or so later you should see the
nitrite levels rising and the ammonia levels dropping. Finally, after a few more
weeks you should see the nitrate levels rising and the nitrite levels dropping.
When you no longer detect ammonia or nitrites but you can detect nitrates you
can assume that it is safe to add your tropical fish.

8. NITROGEN CYCLE STEPS
• STAGE 1 Ammonia is introduced into the aquarium via tropical fish waste and
uneaten food. The tropical fish waste and excess food will break down into either
ionized ammonium (NH4) or un-ionized ammonia (NH3). Ammonium is not
harmful to tropical fish but ammonia is. Whether the material turns into
ammonium or ammonia depends on the ph level of the water. If the ph is under 7,
you will have ammonium. If the ph is 7 or higher you will have ammonia.
• STAGE 2 Soon, bacteria called nitrosomonas will develop and they will oxidize the
ammonia in the tank, essentially eliminating it. The byproduct of ammonia
oxidation is Nitrites. So we no longer have ammonia in the tank, but we now have
another toxin to deal with - Nitrites. Nitrites are just as toxic to tropical fish as
ammonia. If you have a test kit, you should be able to see the nitrite levels rise
around the end of the first or second week.
• STAGE 3 Bacteria called nitrobacter will develop and they will convert the nitrites
into nitrates. Nitrates are not as harmful to tropical fish as ammonia or nitrites,
but nitrate is still harmful in large amounts. The quickest way to rid your
aquarium of nitrates is to perform partial water changes

10. AQUARIUM EQUIPMENT
• Aquarium gravel
• Aquarium filter
• Heater
• Other decorations (such as fake or real plants)
• Aquarium test kits to test water parameters and monitor the infamous aquarium nitrogen cycle
• Fish food
• Aquarium vacuum
• Fish net
• Aquarium Glass Scrubber

11. • Mechanical Filtration
• Mechanical filtration removes the free floating particles from the aquarium
water. The siphoning action of a power filter that hangs on the back of an
aquarium does a decent job of this type of filtration.
• Biological Filtration
• Biological filtration is the most important aquarium filtration type because it
deals with the growing of the good bacteria in your aquarium filter.
• Chemical Filtration
• Chemical filtration involves removing the dissolved wastes from the aquarium
water. Often times this is accomplished through the use of activated carbon in
the aquarium filter. Zeolites can also be used in chemical filtration. Zeolite
removes ammonia from your aquarium water and can be a fish life saver if you
have high ammonia levels.

12. TYPES OF AQUARIUM FILTERS
• Corner Filter
• It is very low-tech but a corner aquarium filter can be used successfully for
mechanical, chemical and biological filtration. Corner filters require frequent
maintenance and are only used in very small tanks these days if at all.
• Undergravel Filter (UGF)
• Undergravel aquarium filters can provide good mechanical filtration because it
forces the water down through the aquarium gravel where particles are trapped.
The problem with this type of aquarium filter stems from the fact that it can be
difficult to thoroughly vacuum the gravel and harmful gas pockets can form
under the gravel plates thereby harming your tropical fish.
• Sponge Filter
• Sponge filters can provide a cheap and effective form of biological filtration.
Many breeders use the sponge filter in conjunction with a bare bottom tank.

13. • Power Filter
• The power filter is probably the most popular filter type for a variety of reasons.
They are easy to use and clean and they can be an effective means of
mechanical, chemical and biological filtration.
• Canister Filter
• They work very well. Often there are multiple trays for a canister filter with each
tray providing a type of filtration. The first tray could be a sponge that filters
(mechanical and biological) the large particles. The second tray could be filled
with zeolite that removes ammonia from the water (chemical). The third tray
could be activated carbon which would further filter (chemical) the water.
• Protein Skimmer

14. SOURCES OF AQUARIUM FISHES
Wild caught and immediate shipment
Wild caught and “grow out”
Indoor aquaculture
Outdoor aquaculture

17. CULTURE
• Food and Feeding: The small-scale farmers cannot afford different readymade packed pellet feed or purchasing of artemia cyst drum,
which are costly. However, they have successfully substituted low cost alternative live feeds. Water fleas, Tubifex or sludge worm,
mosquito larvae and chopped earthworm are used by the farmers. Different homemade feed like whole-wheat bread, vegetable
peelings and rice are also fed. However, most farms depend on Daphnia, Tubifex worms and mosquito larvae. The fish culturists can
collect Daphnia from the near by ponds by sieving through fine mesh in the early morning. Tubifex worms and mosquito larvae are
collected from the sewage water channels. Generally the farmers dispense the feed once daily. Overfeeding is more harmful than
under feeding as the excess feed destroys the water quality.
• Management of Water Quality Parameters: Ornamental fish production unit required higher level of expertise for better water quality
management as ornamental fishes are more sensitive to poor water quality. Many ornamental fish will perish in situations where more
robust food fish species can survive. As ornamental fish are kept in tanks more numbers than their food fish counterparts, water
quality is most critical. Where large numbers of fish are kept in small spaces, the buildup of nitrogenous wastes, most notably
ammonia, requires the producer to implement measures to manage it properly. Regular water exchange along with proper aeration
overcomes this type of problem in the tanks.
• Preventive Health Management: Proper water quality management in ornamental fish breeding and culture is the primary preventive
measures as they are very sensitive to temperature and pH. The most common diseases of ornamental fishes are reported to be white
spot, mouth fungus, tail and fin rot. Some of the easily available and economic chemicals and medicines can be used as preventive
measures. The easily available chemicals and medicines for health management are common salt @15-30 g/L used as bath treatment
for 30 min as disinfectant, methyline blue @2.5 g/L added in aquarium water for water purification and copper sulfate or potassium
permanganate @0.5-1 g/L used as bath treatment for 1 min as disinfectant
• Economics of a Small-Scale Breeding and Rearing Unit: The profit of ornamental breeding and rearing unit depends on the carrying
capacity, candidate species, management practices and infrastructure. The marginal farmers who breed or rear the fish have to sell
them earlier due to the lack of proper equipment and get less profit. On the other hand better-off farmers rear the fish to an optimum
size and get more profit.

18. The value of ornamental fish trade has grown significantly over the past decades.
Between 2000 and 2011, global exports of ornamental fish increased from US$181 million
to US$372 million. Total trade in live marine ornamentals is estimated at around US$44
million annually. Most of the market supplies originate from Asia, with Singapore
dominating as the top exporting country in the world. In 2013, Singapore exported around
US$56

21. It used to account for only 10% of the live market,
but according to our data and estimates, it might now (2014 data)
represent as much as 30% of the total volume of our industry. This
is due to the facts that we have greater knowledge (techniques)
on how to keep and breed marine fish, that well-equipped marine
aquaria are available at lower prices

23. FISH ARE THE MOSTNUMEROUS PETSIN THE WORLD
KOI HAVE BEEN A CATALYST FOR ADVANCING THIS INDUSTRY
AND FISH MEDICINE AND SURGERY

24. FISH DIAGNOSTIC SERVICE
• RADIOGRAPHY.
• ENDOSCOPY.
• ULTRASONOGRAPHY.
• COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT).
• MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING (MRI).
• FINE NEEDLE ASPIRATE.
• OPHTHALMOLOGIC EXAMINATION.

25. ‫دهقان‬ ‫محمدمهدی‬(‫دامپزشکی‬ ‫دانشکده‬ ‫جراحی‬ ‫استاد‬)‫هوالسو‬ ‫رحمتی‬ ‫هومن‬ ،
(‫دامپزشکی‬ ‫دانشکده‬ ‫آبزیان‬ ‫های‬‫بیماری‬ ‫و‬ ‫بهداشت‬ ‫استادیار‬)
‫ساله‬ ‫سه‬ ‫کوی‬ ‫زینتی‬ ‫ماهی‬ ‫در‬ ‫بیضه‬ ‫تومور‬ ‫جراحی‬ ‫اولین‬

27. Neon tetra Guppy

30. CICHLIDS

31. • The family Cichlidae is a large group of tropical fishes in
the order Perciformes Cichlids are distributed in fresh-
water and brackish waters and Only one species occurs
in true marine waters Tilapia guineensis. Most cichlids
inhabit lakes or the sluggish areas of rivers but there are
a few species adapted to swift flowing streams
• The earliest known cichlid fossils were collected in South
America, dating back to the Eocene (57 to 37 million
years ago However, the fossil history is poor and it is
widely believed that the cichlids, along with other labroid
families,arose some time early in the Cretaceous epoch

32. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
• Diagnostic characters : Medium-sized (to about 74 cm)but the some species
can reach approximately a meter in length
• fishes with variable body shape, from deep bodied and compressed to perch-
like, tubular and disk-like, depending on habitat.
• Head with a single nostril on each side. A single dorsal fin with 8 to 19 spines
and 10 to 16 soft rays;
• anal fin with 3 spines and 7 to 12 soft rays; caudal fin typicaly rounded.
• Lateral lineinterrupted, The two exceptions areTeleogramma and Gobiocichla
• Colour: highly variable body colourfrom blue-grey, grey-green, olive green,
brownish, blackish, silvery grey, to pale dusky, often with bars or blotches on
sides scales sometimes with individual dark markings; fins sometimes with
spots, bars, blotches, and sometimes bordered with a band of red or pink;
males often exhibit distinct breeding coloration.

34. Africa: rapids near Kinsuka (lower
Congo River) in Republic of Congo
and Democratic Republic of the
Congo
Africa: rapids in the middle
and upper reaches of Niger

35. • lips of several cichlid species are large and puffy
• outer jaw contains up to seven rows of teeth, which decrease in size moving
toward the throat
• The ancestral tooth shape is conical but there are numerous variations
depending on the diet(ex: knife-like teeth for tearing up prey, brush-like used
to comb epiphytes (algae that grows on other algae)
• gill rakers
• pharyngeal jaw: frees up the outer jaw from chewing, allowing more prey to be
captured while the previous meal is being processed

36. REPRODUCTION
• There are two general modes of cichlid reproduction: sub strate brooding and
mouth brooding
• Substrate brooding represents the initial reproductive strategySub strate
brooders tend to be monogamous and sexually monomorphic. The egg sacs
usually adhere to hard surfaces and the help less larvae which have large yolk
sacs, remain guarded until they can swim
• Most mouth brooders are polygynous and sexually dimorphic , although several
species are monogamous. The eggs and wrigglers are carried in the mouth of
the female , or in monogamous species, both males and females carry larvae in
their mouths

38. • Monogamy
• Polygynandrous
• Polygynous: males fertilize the eggs of more than one female
• Bigamy: two females may defend a territory over lappingthat of a male
• Polyandry: females mate with several males
• “Extended family”: 19 individuals (one to three males, up to five females, and
the rest juveniles) with a large dominant male (alpha) and one other male (beta)
participating in spawning
• Lekking: from 5,000 to 50,000 males may congregate during lekking
Reproduction types

39. CICHLID BIOGEOGRAPHY
• Cichlids are mainly found in the lowland, freshwater areas of
tropical and subtropical regions. However, some of the most
primitive species, which are found in Madagascar (17 species)and
Asia, also in habit brackish waters. Some other areas with
brackish-water species include coastal India and SriLanka(three
species), and Cuba and Hispaniola (four species). The great
majority of cichlids are found in the Great Lakes of East Africa
(Lake Malawi, Lake Victoria, and Lake Tanganyika),where between
800 and 2100 species are thought to exist .Nearly all of these
species are endemic (evolved in and confined to a particular place)
to the lake they in habit. There are aproxmately 150 river species
in the region as well. The remaining distribution includes South
America (approximately 290species), Central- America and Mexico

41. DEVELOPMENT
• Fanning(provide ventilation)
• Mouthing(suck away wastes or to remove dead or fungus-ridden eggs)
• Mouth brooding species  churning(rolling and swishing the eggs in the
mouth)

42. FRY CARE
• leaf-lifting(pick up leaf matter and drop it near the young)
• Findigging(dig into the substrate with the fins to expose buried prey)
• Micronipping(fry feed on mucousse creted from the skin of parents)
Symphysodon discus genus of
cichlids native to the Amazon
river basin

43. Iranocichla persa

45. COLOURATION
• In life. Background colour silvery grey or yellowish, a dark grey narrow saddle
between eyes and a dark grey band at nape between uppermost parts of operculum.
• A dark grey, faint mid-lateral stripe between posterior eye margin and caudal-fin
base and a second, often indistinct, dorsolateralstripe between nape and “Tilapia
mark”.
• Dorso-lateral stripe often dissociated into a marbled pattern.
• Mid-lateral stripe often dissociated into a series of vertically elongated large
blotches at intersection with vertical bars.
• Body with 6–11 (mode 8) faint, wide, vertical bars, first bar at level of third dorsal-
fin spine, last bar on posterior-most caudal peduncle.
• Bars most prominent above midlateral line, faded below.
• Bars almost or fully absent in nuptial males.
• Dorsal fin hyaline or grey with black “Tilapia mark” on posterior part of dorsal fin
(absent in nuptial males).
• Caudal, anal, pelvic and pectoral fins grey or hyaline. Caudal fin with a series of 5–6
narrow vertical bars in some males, uniformly grey in other males and in all females.

46. PHYSICAL DESCRIPTION
• A small species with greatest body depth at approximately fifth dorsal-fin
spine.
• Head and eyes large.
• Mouth terminal, tip of upper and lower jaws at same vertical line .
• Upper lip noticeably thickened, buccal region enlarged ventrally, oral teeth
uniform in size and not enlarged medially.

47. Iranocichla persa VS Iranocichla hormuzensis
• described from the Shur, Hasanlangi and Minab River drainages flowing into the
Persian Gulf at the Strait of Hormuz in southern Iran.
• It is distinguished from Iranocichla hormuzensis, from the Mehran River
drainage, by nuptial males having a bright orange breast and lower part of the
head (vs. black)
• a poorly developed or invisible (vs.distinctive) “Tilapia-mark” in the dorsal fin
and very clear white spots making almost wavy bars or stripes on the caudal fin
(vs. without or with very few white spots).
X

50. The probability of breeding as an ornamental
fish
• Iranian Cichlid is an invaluable ornamental species which is domesticated in Iran
and called Iranocichla hormuzensis scientifically, is living in the Hormoz zone,
Shahou River (between Bandar Abbas and Haji Abad). The first phase of the
research project started in September of 2012 and lasted about 18 months,
focused on adapting the wild cichlids to cope with the aquarium environment.
Therefore, about 63 male and female of Iranian cichlids collected from the
natural habitat, Shahou River, then moved to the nearest city, Bandar Abbas to
and released in aquariums which were filled by water of River where they were
living. After few days they moved to “innovative aquaculture technologies
research station” and reared in 100 liter glass tanks to monitor their behaviors.
By initial days, the Cichlids seemed to be stressed out significantly, they were
flashing, hitting them to the aquarium, trying to jump out and get discolored
due to strange environment. By days, the stressful treats decreased and the
experiments coped with the new environment. At the next step, schools of 5-7
fish organized to pear up. The mortality rate collected daily and accidental
biometry recorded fortnightly. The rearing temperature adjusted and was stable

52. GOLDFISH
Ryukin
Bubble
Eye

53. GOLD FISH
• Scientific Name : Carassius auratus
• Starting in ancient China, various species of carp (collectively known as Asian carp) have been
bred and reared as food fish for thousands of years. Some of these normally gray or silver
species have a tendency to produce red, orange or yellow colour mutations; this was first
recorded during the Jin dynasty (265–420).
• During the Tang dynasty (618–907), it was popular to raise carp in ornamental ponds and
watergardens. A natural genetic mutation produced gold (actually yellowish orange) rather
than silver colouration. People began to breed the gold variety instead of the silver variety,
keeping them in ponds or other bodies of water. On special occasions at which guests were
expected, they would be moved to a much smaller container for display.
• By the Song dynasty (960–1279), the selective domestic breeding of goldfish was firmly
established. In 1162, the empress of the Song Dynasty ordered the construction of a pond to
collect the red and gold variety. By this time, people outside the imperial family were
forbidden to keep goldfish of the gold (yellow) variety, yellow being the imperial colour. This
is probably the reason why there are more orange goldfish than yellow goldfish, even though
the latter are genetically easier to breed. The occurrence of other colours (apart from red and
gold) was first recorded in 1276.
• During the Ming dynasty (1368–1644), goldfish also began to be raised indoors, which
permitted selection for mutations that would not be able to survive in ponds. The first

54. GOLD FISH BIOLOGY
• Vision: Goldfish have one of the most studied senses of vision in fish. Goldfish have four kinds of cone cells,
which are respectively sensitive to different colours: red, green, blue and ultraviolet. The ability to distinguish
between four different primary colours classifies them as tetrachromats.
• Hearing: Goldfish have one of the most studied senses of hearing in fish. They have two otoliths, permitting the
detection of sound particle motion, and Weberian ossicles connecting the swim bladder to the otoliths, facilitating
the detection of sound pressure.
• Cognitive abilities: Goldfish have strong associative learning abilities, as well as social learning skills. In addition,
their visual acuity allows them to distinguish between individual humans. Owners may notice that fish react
favorably to them (swimming to the front of the glass, swimming rapidly around the tank, and going to the surface
mouthing for food) while hiding when other people approach the tank. Over time, goldfish learn to associate their
owners and other humans with food, often "begging" for food whenever their owners approach. Goldfish that have
constant visual contact with humans also stop considering them to be a threat. After being kept in a tank for
several weeks, sometimes months, it becomes possible to feed a goldfish by hand without it shying away.
• Goldfish have a memory-span of at least three months and can distinguish between different shapes, colours and
sounds. By using positive reinforcement, goldfish can be trained to recognize and to react to light signals of
different colours or to perform tricks. Fish respond to certain colours most evidently in relation to feeding. Fish
learn to anticipate feedings provided they occur at around the same time every day.
• Currently, there are about 300 breeds recognised in China.

55. DORSAL-FINNED VARIETIES
• FANTAIL GOLDFISH
• RYUKIN GOLDFISH
• PEARLSCALE
GOLDFISH
• TELESCOPE
GOLDFISH
• ORANDA GOLDFISH
• CURLED-GILL
GOLDFISH
• VEILTAIL GOLDFISH
• TOSAKIN GOLDFISH
• BUTTERFLY TAIL
Pearlscale
goldfish

56. Oranda goldfish
Telescope goldfish

57. VARIETIES WITH LACK OF DORSAL-FIN
• Lionchu
• Ranchu
• Egg-fish goldfish
• Lionhead
• Bubble Eye
• Celestial Eye
Lionchu
Lionhead
Egg-fish

58. NISHIKIGOI – LIVING JEWELS
• Historical Background
• 1. China
• 533 B.C.: Koi was a main subject in Chinese artwork and carvings
• 2. Japan
• Koi were raised in preserve ponds as a food staple for the long winter months
• These Koi mutated and Koi with different colours and patterns were swimming
among the black Koi

59. NISHIKIGOI (KOI) ARE AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE
ORNAMENTAL FISH INDUSTRY.
• Expanding water garden industry (millions of ponds).
• Some koi are worth up to $200,000 (many $1,000-$5,000)
• Large financial and time investment for many koi/goldfish ponds
• Emotional attachment

60. MARKINGS
Inazuma
Sandan
Godan
Maruten
Tancho
Straight Hi
Nidan
Yondan
Kuchibeni
Menkaburi

61. KOI CARE AND BREEDING
• Scientific Name : Cyprinus carpio
• Common Names / Types : Koi, Carp, Leather Carp
• Koi Temperament / Behavior : They can get quite large and may become more aggressive
when ready to breed. Males may chase, bully, bump and pester the females. Smaller fish kept
in the pond may become food for the larger fish.
• Breeding Koi / Mating / Reproduction : It can be quite difficult to breed them in a backyard
pond since they will eat the eggs. They spawn in late spring / early summer. To successfully
breed koi you will need to do a couple of things. The first is to have suitable spawning sites in
the pond. The second is to prepare them for spawning by feeding them a high quality diet.
Slowly increase the amount of high protein fish foods over a period of several weeks to get the
Koi ready. Spawning sites can be a little tricky. The females will look for heavily planted areas
to deposit their eggs. Another alternative if you don't have many plants in your pond is to
create a spawning mop out of a rock and some yarn. To create a mop, you tie the rock into
the center of many long pieces of yarn. The rock is used to sink and hold the yarn. The
females will drop the eggs and the males will fertilize them. Once you have fertilized eggs,
they will hatch in about 5 days and you need to have suitable foods ready to feed the baby koi
once they are swimming. Suitable foods would be brine shrimp and other small fry foods.
Crushed flakes can be offered after a few weeks.
• Koi Pond Size : Because of their large adult size, they need a pond of 1000 gallons (3785
liters) or larger.
• Koi Compatible Tank Mates : Best kept with other Koi, maybe the common plecostomus.

62. • Koi Food / Diet : This fish is an omnivore, which means that they will eat both
plant and animal matter. For optimum growth and color they need to be fed a
high quality and varied diet. It can be easy to overfeed Koi since they are like
little puppy dogs begging for food when they see you. Resist this temptation to
keep your pond clean and your fish healthy! There are koi pellets and flakes that
provide a balanced diet and these are recommended for the main portion of
their diet. Use caution if using live foods such as feeder guppies or other small
fish species since they could introduce disease to your pond. Worms will be
relished and can be given to your pond fish occasionally.
• Size : Can grow to be 36 inches (92 cm) or bigger!
• pH : 6.5 - 7.5 Temperature : 36°F - 85°F (2°C - 30°C)
• Water Hardness : 5° to 15° dH,
• Koi Lifespan : Thought to be able to live for 100 years or more - 20 years or
more in a backyard pond. The record for longest lived koi is thought to be 200
plus years.

63. • FAO
• WTO
• THE GLOBEFISH (FAO)
• FISHLORE
• WWW.IUCNREDLIST.ORG
• K.E. CARPENTER, OLD DOMINION
UNIVERSITY, VIRGINIA, USA
• AQUATICCOMMONS.ORG (UNESCO)
• IRANOCICHLA PERSA, A NEW CICHLID
SPECIES FROM SOUTHERN IRAN(ZOO KEY)
• NCBI.NLM.NIH.GOV
• CICHLID BIOGEOGRAPHY: COMMENT AND
REVIEW PROSANTA CHAKRABARTY
• MUSEUM OF ZOOLOGY, FISH DIVISION,
UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN, ANN ARBOR
48109, MI, USA
• WWW.FLORIDAMUSEUM.UFL.EDU
• WWW.FISHBASE.DE
• ANIMALDIVERSITY.ORG
• ‫زینتی‬ ‫بومی‬ ‫گونه‬ ‫یک‬ ‫عنوان‬ ‫به‬ ‫پرورش‬ ‫امکان‬ ‫برسی‬(‫شهرام‬
‫دادگر‬) IRANOCICHLA HORMUZENSIS
• (BERRA, 2001)
• (GREEN WOOD AND STIASSNY)
• ( 2002; NELSON, 1994)
• (BARLOW, 2000;
• BERRA, 2001)
• (KEEN LEY SIDE, 1991)
• SPECIES PROFILE: KOI AND GOLDFISH CRAIG
A. WATSON, JEFFREY E. HILL AND DEBORAH
B. POUDER*(SARC)