Psychological first aid (pfa) in disaster
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Weekly journal club topic presentatio of department of Psychiatry. Bangladesh is disaster prone country. Disaster psychiatry is very relevant here. Hope this ppt will provide mental health professional a little idea about PFA , disaster psychiatry and disaster management.
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Psychological first aid (pfa) in disaster
- 1. Psychological First Aid (PFA) in disaster Dr Md Saleh Uddin Resident, Phase B Department of Psychiatry BSMMU, Dhaka 20.05.2014
- 2. Contents ā¢ Disaster ā¢ Disaster Psychiatry ā¢ Psychological First Aid (PFA) ā¢ Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) ā¢ Conclusion ā¢ References
- 3. Disaster
- 4. Disaster ā¢ is a severe destruction that greatly exceeds the coping capacity of the affected community Disaster Response RecoveryMitigation Preparedness
- 5. Local Scenario ā¢ Major Cyclones: 75 cyclones and floods/100 years
- 6. Natural disaster 1980-2010(CRED report 2012) ā¢ No of events:234 ā¢ No of people killed:191,836 ā¢ Average killed per year:6,188 ā¢ No of people affected:323,480,264 ā¢ Average affected per year:10,434,847 ā¢ Economic Damage (US$ X 1,000):17,072,500 ā¢ Economic Damage per year (US$ X 1,000):550,726
- 8. Killed by disaster Affected by disaster
- 9. ā¢ A report published in 1996 states that 66% of the tornado affected people were psychologically traumatized in the costal area ā¢ Another study found 31.3% war injured freedom fighters suffering from post traumatic stress disorder even after 27 years of liberation war
- 10. ā¢ 2007 - Super cyclone āSidrā changed the views regarding post disaster mental health service ā¢ Technical and financial support came from World Psychiatric Association (WPA) ā¢ Multiple teams rushed to the affected area to provide mental health services
- 11. Training Manuals
- 12. Plan Act
- 13. ā¢ District Disaster Management Plan(DDMP)
- 14. Global scenario
- 17. ā¢ Victim ā¢ Psychological responses ā¢ Psychosocial intervention
- 19. Psychological responses Psychological responses Within 24hrs Within days to weeks After 3 weeks
- 20. Psychological responses Donāt need intervention May need only minimal intervention Need help from mental health professional
- 21. Normal reactive process ā¢ Most recovers within 6 to 16 months ā¢ Common stress reactions Emotional , Cognitive, Physical, Interpersonal ā¢ Post traumatic growth/benefited response
- 22. Within 24 hrs ā¢ Tension, anxiety, panic ā¢ Stunned, dazed, shocked, disbelief ā¢ Restlessness, confusion ā¢ Agitation, crying and withdrawal ā¢ Survivorās guilt
- 23. Within days to weeks ā¢ Being fearful , vigilant, hyper alert ā¢ Irritable, angry, unable to sleep ā¢ Worried, despondent ā¢ Flashback ā¢ Weeping, guilt feeling ā¢ Sadness ā¢ Positive thinking(hope for future, rescue work) ā¢ Acceptance of disaster as natureās doing
- 24. After 3 weeks ā¢ Restlessness, panic feeling ā¢ Continued deep sadness, unrealistic, pessimistic thoughts ā¢ Outward inactivity, isolated and wihtdrawn behavior ā¢ Anxiety
- 25. Psychiatric response ā¢ Acute stress disorder ā¢ PTSD ā¢ MDD ā¢ Substance abuse ā¢ Psychological disorder ā¢ Organic ā¢ Adjustment disorder ā¢ Bereavement ā¢ Family violence ā¢ Child and spouse abuse
- 26. Psychosocial intervention ā¢ Psychosocial first aid (PFA) ā¢ Trauma counseling ā¢ Greif counseling ā¢ Anticipatory guidance ā¢ Crisis counseling ā¢ Problem solving counseling
- 27. Psychological First Aid (PFA)
- 28. ā¢ Understanding PFA ā¢ How to help responsibly ā¢ Providing PFA ā¢ Caring self and colleague
- 29. PFA āA human supportive response to a fellow human being who is suffering and who may need supportā (Sphere2011, IASC WHO-2007)
- 30. PFA Elements ā¢ Care and support ā¢ Needs and concerns ā¢ Address basic needs ā¢ Listening to people, not pressuring ā¢ Comforting people and helping them to feel calm ā¢ Helping people connect to information, service and social support ā¢ Protecting from further harm
- 31. PFA What PFA is not ā¢ Not only professionals do ā¢ Not a professional counseling ā¢ Not āPsychological debriefingā or āCISDā ā¢ Not asking, analyzing, put in order ā¢ Available to listen but not pressuring to talk
- 32. PFA Who need immediately ā¢ Serious life threatening injuries ā¢ So upset, cant care themselves and family ā¢ May hurt self/others
- 33. PFA When and where ā¢ Recently affected ā¢ Sometimes days or weeks after ā¢ Scene of accident/disaster ā¢ Health center, shelter/camps etc
- 34. PFA Providing PFA ā¢ Preparation ā¢ Good communication ā¢ PFA action principal ā¢ Ending help ā¢ Who likely need special attention
- 35. Providing PFA Preparation ā¢ Learn about crisis ā¢ Learn about available service and support ā¢ Learn about safety and security concern
- 36. Providing PFA Good communication ā¢ Basics of communication skill ā¢ Donāt pressure ā¢ Donāt think you must solve all problems ā¢ Donāt give false promise
- 38. Providing PFA Ending help Depends on the context of crisis Individualās role and situation Needs of the people
- 39. Providing PFA Special attention group ā¢ Child adolescent group ā¢ People with health conditions/disabilities ā¢ People at risk/discrimination/violence
- 40. Caring for self and colleague ā¢ Getting ready to help ā¢ Managing stress ā¢ Rest and reflection
- 41. ā¢ Safe effective feasible? ā¢ 58 citations ā¢ Insufficient evidence ā¢ Objective observation and expert opinion(Class iii, iv)
- 42. Mental Health First Aid (MHFA)
- 43. MHFA ā¢ Person developing a mental health problem or experiencing a mental health crisis ā¢ Until treatment /Support received ā¢ Not a substitute of counseling, medical care, peer support/ treatment.
- 44. MHFA People can learn ā¢ Overview of mental health problems ā¢ First aid for crisis situations ā¢ First aid for non crisis situations
- 45. MHFA Spectrum of mental health intervention
- 46. MHFA ā¢ Created in Australia (2001) ā¢ Currently in 18 countries ā¢ Piloted in USA (2008)
- 47. MHFA Why MHFA? ā¢ Problems are common ā¢ Stigma ā¢ Professional unavailability ā¢ Do not seek help ā¢ Awareness
- 48. Conclusion ā¢ Basics Disaster management Disaster Psychiatry Psychological first aid (LOOK LISTEN LINK) ā¢ Local research and system innovation
- 49. References ā¢ Disaster mental health response Handbook, The NSW institute of Psychiatry, Australia, 2000 ā¢ Role of psychiatry in disaster management: a brief review, H U Ahmed et al, NIMH, Dhaka. Journal of Psychiatry, Vol 20, December 2006 ā¢ Psychosocial care of Disaster affected population: Physicians manual, WHO, 2007 ā¢ NIMH Dhaka, Bangladesh, 2008 ā¢ Psychological first aid: guide for field worker, WHO, 2011 ā¢ Mental health service after disaster: Current scenario and future prospect of Bangladesh, H U Ahmed et al, WPA regional meeting, Indonesia, 2012 ā¢ National plan for disaster management 2010-2015, Disaster management and relief division, Govt republic of Bangladesh. ā¢ Annual disaster Statistical Review2012, Center for research on the Epidemiology of disasters (CRED), Belgium ā¢ www.google.com: Images
- 50. 1971 2013 2014
- 51. Disaster Vs Healthy Body & Mind ā SOCIAL WEAPON ā
- 52. Resilience
- 53. THANK YOU