This presentation deals with the occupational health and health hazards associated with the occupation,.

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PRESENTED BY:
Ms. Sameeksha Bhardwaj
Asstt. Professor
Dept. of Community
health Nursing

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Just like home the place of work is also an
important environment for an earning person.
Such a person spends nearly 6-8 hours a day in the
working place till the retirement for about 3
decades. Not only the worker should be healthy
but the env. Should also be healthy, safe & free
from harmful agents.
“Occupation health is concerned with man in all
occupations”.

3. AIM
"the promotion and maintenance of the highest
degree of physical, mental and social well-
being of workers in all occupations" .
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4.  “Occupational medicine is that branch of
community medicine which deals with the
study of health promotion, health protection
and maintenance of highest degree of physical,
mental and social wellbeing of workers in all
occupations”.
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5.  A new concept in occupational health. It is
concerned with human engineering.
 It is derived from the Greek word ‘Ergon’
means ‘work’ and ‘Nomos’ means ‘law’. It
simply means “fitting the job to the worker”.
That means placing the worker in the
environment(job) which is adopted to the
physiological and psychological capacity.
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6.  An industrial worker is exposed to 5 types of
hazards depending upon the nature of the
occupation.
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7.  HEAT: heat syncope, heat cramps, heat
exhaustion, heat stroke, heat hyperpyrexia,
prickly heat, burns etc.
 COLD: frost bite, Reynaud’s disease,
erythrocyanosis, chilblains, trench foot, gangrene
etc.
 LIGHT:
Due to inadequate light: headache, eyestrain, eye
fatigue.
Due to excessive light: glaring, visual fatigue,
blurring of vision, discomfort & accidents.
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8.  RADIATION: leukemia, aplastic anaemia,
cancer, tumor, pancytopenia, congenital
defects, sterility, darkening & thickening of the
skin, erythema, skin cancer, photophobia,
conjuctivitis, keratitis, bl;indness, cataract,
thermal burns, retinal burns etc.
 ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE:
HIGH PRESSURE: syncope, aches and pains in
joints, air embolism, cardiorespiratory distress,
paralysis etc.
Low pressure: deafness, rupture of eardrum,
headache, pulmonary edema, dyspnoea etc.
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9.  ELECTRICITY: electric shock, burns, ventricular
flutter.
 NOISE: deafness, degeneration of cochlea and 8th
nerve, fatigue, irritability, interference with speech
& communication, hypertension, annoyance etc.
 VIBRATION: numbness, white fingers, injuries.
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10.  IRRITANTS: dermatitis, eczema, ulcerations,
cancer
 INHALANTS:
dust : pneumoconiosis
fumes : mental fume fever
gases: asphyxia and anesthetic effect
 INGESTANTS: toxic hazards from mercury,
cadmium, manganese etc.
 ALLERGANS: allergic rhinitis, bronchitis,
asthma, dermatitis etc.
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11.  FROM ANIMAL: zoonotic diseases like-
anthrax, bovine TB, rabies, plague, japenese
encephalitis kyasnur forest disease etc.
 FROM SOIL: tetanus, gas gangrene, malignant
edema, anthrax, aspergillosis, mycetoma etc.
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12.  These are mainly accidents.
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13.  It is due to failure of the worker to develop a
healthy relationship with his co workers,
employers, management, supervisors etc.
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14. Recommendations by ILO / WHO
committee on occupational health
in 1953.
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15.  Nutrition
 Communicable disease control
 Environmental sanitation
 Mental health
 Measures for women and children
 Health education
 Family planning
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16. NUTRITION
 Malnutrition
 Canteen /250
workers
 Diet and snacks at
reasonable rates
 Store /dining room
 Health education
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17. COMMNICABLE
DISEASE
CONTROL
• Early diagnosis/Rx
• Cases isolated from
working environment
• Protective measures
• Regular Medical checkup
& Immunisation
• TB,Typhoid,hepatitis,mala
ria, venereal diseases
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18. ENVIRONMENTAL
SANITATION
• Water supply
• Food
• Toilet
• General cleanliness
• Space
• Lighting
• Ventillation/Temperature
• Protection from hazards
• Housing
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19. MENTAL HEALTH
 Promote health and
happiness
 Detect signs of emotional
stress
 Identify the cause
 Treatment
 Rehabilitation of the ill
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20. MEASURES FOR
WOMEN &CHILDREN
 Maternity leave for 12 weeks
with cash benefit under ESI act
 Ante/Intra/Postnatal services
 Prohibition of night work
 Prohibits of work
underground
 Crèches
 No child below 14 shall be
employed
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21. HEALTH EDUCATION
• Important health promotional
measure
• Provided whenever necessary
• Content
– Hygiene, participation
• At all levels
– Management
– Supervisors
– Workers
– Trade union leaders
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22. FAMILY PLANNING
 Encouraged to adopt
small family norm
 Health education
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23.  MEDICAL MEASURES
 ENGINEERING MEASURES
 LEGISLATIVE MEASURES
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24.  PRE PLACEMENT
EXAMINATION
 PERIODICAL EXAMINATION
 MEDICAL & HEALTH CARE
SERVICE
 NOTIFICATION
 SUPERVISION OF WORKING
ENVIRONMENT
 MAINTANANCE & ANALYSIS
OF RECORDS
 HEALTH EDUCATION &
COUNSELLING
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25. • DESIGN OF BUILDING
• GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
• GENERAL VENTILATION
• MECHANISATION
• SUBSTITUTION
• DUSTS
• ENCLOSURE
• ISOLATION
• LOCAL EXHAUST
VENTILATION
• PROTECTIVE DEVICES
• RESEARCH
• STATISTICAL MONITORING
• ENVIRONMENTAL
MONITORING
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26. • The Factories Act, 1948
• The Employees State Insurance
Act, 1948
• Mine & Mineral Act,
(Development & Regulation)
Act, 1957
• Noise Pollution (Regulation &
Control ) Rules, 2000
• The Child Labour (Prohibition
& Regulation) Act, 1986
• The Air (Prevention & Control
of Pollution ) Act, 1981
• Maternity Benefit Act (1961)
• Minimum wages Act
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27.  Factories act enacted in 1881
 The act was amended in 1911, 1934, 1948, 1976, 1987
 Factory: establishment employing 10 or more
workers where power is used, and 20 or more
workers where power is not used.
 Prescribed working hours, holidays and
employment of young men and women.
 Prohibits employment of children under 14 years
 Adolescents should be duly certified by certifying
surgeons regarding fitness to work
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28. • Chapter III (Section 11-20) deals with health
aspects
• Chapter IV (Section 21-40) deals with safety
aspects
• Chapter V deals with welfare aspects
• Chapter VI deals with work hours holidays
interval
• Chapter VII deals with employment of young
person
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29. • Provides cash and medical benefits to industrial
employees in case of sickness, maternity and
employment injury.
• Administration by ESI Corporation
• The Union minister for labour :chairman
Secretary Ministry of labour : vice chairman
• 4 principal officers
– Insurance commissioner
– Medical commissioner
– Finance commissioner
– Actuary
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30. BENEFITS TO EMPLOYEES BENEFITS TO EMPLOYERS
• Medical benefit
• Sickness benefit
• Maternity benefit
• Disablement
benefit
• Dependent benefit
• Funeral expense
• Rehabilitation
allowance
 Exemption from the
applicability of Workmen's
Compensation Act 1923
 Exemption from Maternity
Benefit Act 1961
 Exemption from payment of
Medical allowance to
employees and their
dependants or arranging for
their medical care
 Rebate under the Income
Tax Act on contribution
deposited in the ESI Account
 Healthy work-force.
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31. • Child (under 14 years)
labour is prohibited in
India under The Child
Labour (Prohibition And
Regulation) Act, 1986.
• It includes work in a shop,
commercial establishment,
work-shop, farm,
residential hotel,
restaurant, eating-house,
theatre or other place of
public amusement or
entertainment
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32.  Prevention of occupational injury and
disease
 Promotion of health and work ability
 Improving environmental health
management
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33.  Clinician
 Specialist
 Manager
 Coordinator
 Adviser
 Health educator
 Counselor
 Researcher
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34.  CENTRAL LEVEL
 STATE LEVEL
 VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS
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35.  CENTRAL LEVEL
 The director general for factory inspection and advisory
services
 The government departments of labour and health and the
Board of mines
 The atomic energy commission
 Central labour institute at Mumbai and regional labour
institutes in Kanpur, Kolkata and Chennai.
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36.  STATE LEVEL
 No occupational health division in state health directorate
except Uttar Pradesh
 State responsibilities are vested in Chief inspector of
factories
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37.  VOLUNTARY ORGANIZATIONS
 Tata institute of industrial hygiene
 Society of Industrial Medicine.
 Also certain political association work for the welfare of
workers like,
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38. • The International Labour Organization
• Canadian Centre for Occupational Health and Safety
(Canada)
• Congressional Office of Compliance (US)
• European Agency for Safety and Health at Work (EU)
• Government & Educational OHS Resources (Australia)
• Health and Safety Executive (UK)
• Health for Work Adviceline for small businesses (UK)
• Information Center of Occupational Safety and Health
(Israel)
• Workplace Safety & Health Council, Singapore
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39. • The International Labour Organization is a
specialized agency in relationship with the United
Nations,
• Comprises the International Labour Conference, the
Governing Body, and the International Labour Office.
• Conference meets annually, is composed of national
representatives of government, management, and
labour
• Principal function is to formulate international labour
standards in the form of Conventions and of
Recommendations. It may also record its decisions in
the form of resolutions which is accepted by member
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40.  Indian National Trade Union Congress
(INTUC)
 Centre of Indian trade unions (CITU)
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41.  Women's jobs have specific characteristics
 Equipment and schedules designed in relation
to the average male body
 Low wages
 Sexual harassment at work place
 Discrimination against women
 Excluded from many health-promoting
benefits
 Increased responsibility on household works
 The laws of labour are male oriented
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42.  Issues should be examined within the context of gender specific
analyses
 identify the specific occupational health risks of particular industries,
 Women's work in the informal sector, in agriculture and in the home
has to be conceptualized and measured
 specific occupational health risks of women are to be addressed.
 studies to identify and assess occupational health risks should be
extended.
 Legislation addressing women's occupational health needs should be
reassessed
 International agreement about the classification of reproductive
hazards (such as chemicals) and on the precautions needed to protect
both men and women from those hazards, should be developed.
 collaboration on the part of the various international agencies
concerned, such as WHO and ILO.
 Interdisciplinary research with a strong social science component.
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43. Characteristics of people at a work place
• Different genders
• Diverse ethnic, racial and cultural backgrounds
• Different ages and experiences
• Different abilities
• Different religions
• Different languages
• Different family structures
• Different educational backgrounds
• Different work and life experiences
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44. 1. Believe in yourself and your
values.
2. Know your rights as well as
duties
3. Be responsible, sincere and
honest in your work.
4. Be acknowledgeable to
superiors and kind towards
subordinates.
5. Don’t compromise justice
6. Be a learner.
7. Be an advocate for others
when situation calls.
8. Be sensitive to the impact
you have on others.
9. Respect others‘ dignity,
values , beliefs and feelings.
10. Communicate honestly.
11. Never harass or accept the
harassment of others.
12. Confront prejudices and
stereotypes that demean or
exclude people
13. Accept our mistakes and
don’t blame it on others.
14. Excuse others mistake, all
are humans
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