Computer software or simply software is a program that enables a computer to perform a specific task as oppose to the physical components of the system (i.e. hardware).

1. COMPUTER SYSTEM
SOFT WARE
Wednesday, November 9, 2016

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, I should be able to:
a. -Definition of software
b. Identify types of software: System software (operating
system, translator, tools/utility program) and
c. Explain Application software

3. Computer software or simply software is a
program that enables a computer to
perform a specific task as oppose to the
physical components of the system (i.e.
hardware).

4. TYPES OF COMPUTER
SOFTWARE
It can be classified majorly into three:
1. system software,
2. programming, and
3. application software.

5. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
System software helps run the computer
hardware and computer system. It enables other
software to run properly by interfacing with
hardware and with other software.
It includes operating systems, device drivers,
diagnostic tools, server, windows utilities etc.

6. PROGRAMMING SOFTWARE
Programming software usually provide
tools to assist a programmer in writing
computer programs and software using
different programming languages in a
more convenient way.
The tools include text editors, compilers,
interpreters, linkers, debuggers and so on.

7. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Application software enables the computer users
to perform a task. It allows human to accomplish
one or more specific (non – computer related)
tasks. Typically application software includes
industrial automation, business software,
educational software, medical software,
databases and computer games. Businesses are
probably the biggest users of application
software, but almost every field of human activity
now uses some form of application software.

8. OPERATION OF SOFTWARE
Computer software has to be loaded into the computer’s
storage (also known as memory and RAM) once software
loaded; computer is able to execute the software.
Computers operate by executing the computer programs.
This involves passing instructions from the application
software through the system software to the hardware
which ultimately receives the instruction as machine
code. Each instruction causes the computer to carry out
an operation moving data, carrying out a computation or
altering the control flow of instruction.

9. SYSTEM SOFTWARE
This is a collection of programs designed to operate,
control and extend processing capabilities of computers.

10. CLASSES OF SYSTEM
SOFTWARE
1. OPERATING SYSTEM
An operating system (OS) is a software program that
manages the hardware and software resource of a
computer. A key component of system software, the OS
performs basic tasks, such as controlling and allocating
memory, prioritizing the processing of instructions,
controlling input and output devices, facilitating
networking and managing files. Without operating
system the computer hardware would be useless.

11. FUNCTIONS OF AN
OPERATING SYSTEM
Some of the major facilities provided by a modern operating
system are;
(1) Easy interaction between humans and computers.
(2) Starting computer automatically when power is turned on.
(3) Loading and scheduling user’s programs along with
necessary compliers.
(4) Controlling input and output.
(5) Controlling program execution.
(6) Scheduling processes.
(7) Managing and use of main memory.
(8) Managing and manipulating (e.g. editing) files.
(9) Providing security of user’s jobs and files.
(10) Accounting resources usage.

12. EXAMPLES OF OPERATING
SYSTEMS SOFTWARE
1. MS windows (‘95, ‘98, ‘2000, ME, XP, NT, Vista, ‘7, ‘8,
‘10). This is a single user GUI OS.
2. UNIX (multi-User Command Line)
3. Novell Netware (command line Network OS)
4. Linux (Command Line Multiuser and Network OS)
5. XENIX (Multiuser OS)
6. MS DOS (Microsoft Disk OS): this is a single user
operating system.

13. 2. TRANSLATORS
Language translator program are programs for converting
programs in other language into machine language
instructions so that the computer can execute them e.g.
BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, PASCAL etc.
3. ASSEMBLER
An assembler is a computer program for translating
assembly language especially, a mnemonic representation
of machine language into object code. The computational
step where an assembler is run is known as ASSEMBLY
TUNE.
Assemblers are far simpler to write than complier for high
– level languages, and have available since the 1950s.

14. 4. COMPILER
A complier is a computer program (or set of programs)
that translates text written in a computer language into
another computer language. The original sequence is
usually called the SOURCE CODE and the output called
OBJECT CODE.
5. INTERPRETER
An interpreter is a computer program that executes other
programs. This is in contrast to a complier which does not
execute its input program (the source code) but translates
it into another language usually executable machine code
(also called object code) which is output to a file for later
execution.

15. 6. LINKER
In computer science, a linker or link editor is a program
that takes one or more objects generated by compliers and
assembles them into a single executable program.
7. DEBUGGER
A debugger is a computer program that is used to test and
debug other programs.
8. UTILITY PROGRAMS
Utility softwares are used for general house-keeping
functions of the computer such as backing up files,
repairing the computer, copying, sorting and printing of
data.

16. EXAMPLES OF UNITALITY
PROGRAMS
Examples of unitality softwares are:
1. Norton utilities
2. Anti-virus
3. Windows explorer
4. Scandisk
5. Editors

17. ASSIGNMENT
Write brief notes on the following types of operating
systems:
1. GUI – Graphic User Interface
2. Command Based Operating System
3. Single User Operating System
4. Multi-User Operating system
5. Network Operating system

18. TERMINOLOGIES
1. GUI – graphic user interface
2. Multi-User
3. Utility
4. Debugger

19. COMPUTER SYSTEM
SOFT WARE II
Wednesday, November 9, 2016

20. LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of the lesson, I should be able to:
a) Define application software
b) State types of application software
c) Identify categories of application packages

21. APPLICATION SOFTWARE
Application software is any tool that functions
and is operated by the means of a computer with
the purpose of supporting or improving the
software user’s work. It is used for the
implementation of the computer user’s work.

22. TYPES OF APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
It is divided into two, which are:
(i) User application software: User – written
software tailors system users to meet the user’s
specific needs. This includes spread sheet
templates, word processor macros, scientific
stimulations, graphics, and animation scripts.
Users create this software themselves and often
overlook how important it is.

23. (ii) Application packages/suite: This is when
multiple applications are bundled together as a
package. It is also known as application suite.
Examples are Microsoft office, Open office.org,
and work which bundle together a word
processor, a spread sheet, and several other
discrete applications. The separate applications in
a suite usually have some capability to interact
with each other in ways beneficial to the user.

24. APPLICATION PACKAGE
CATEGORIES
General purpose application software packages:
These are general tools that provide specific
capabilities, but not in support of specific
purpose. Examples are:

25. (i) Word Processing: This is the process of using a
computer to create, edit and print text – based
documents. Examples are MS – word, Word star,
Word perfect, Window Word pad etc.
(ii) Spreadsheet: This is a table of values in rows
and columns. Each value can have a predefined
relationship to other values. Spreadsheet
applications are computer program that let you
create and manipulate spreadsheets
electronically.
(iii) Presentation: A presentation program is a
computer software package used to display
information, normally in the form of a slide show.

26. (iv) Database management: This is a program lets
one or more computer users create and access
data in a database. On PCs, Microsoft Access is a
popular example of a single – or – small group
user DBMS
(v) Graphics package: This is used for drawing
and painting. Examples are Corel draw, Microsoft
paint, Paintshop pro etc.
(vi) Games: This is an electronic game that
involves interaction with users interface to
generate visual feedback on a video device.

27. (i) Accounting Management: This is the practical
application of management techniques to
control report on the financial health of an
organization. This involves the analysis, planning,
implementation, and control programs designed
to provide financial data reporting for
managerial decision making.
(ii) Payroll System: This is a program designed for
calculating the regular salary, wages or other
compensation paid to every employee in a
company.

28. (iii) Banking software: It enables the management,
monitoring and control of transactions for financial
institutions and banks. Private Banks and mutual
fund administrators as well as other wealth
management firms utilize Banking system
applications to provide front office services as well
as back office functions such as customer account
tracking, credit approval, and financial accounting
and information system integration.

29. (iv) Hospital Management Software: It is also
known as Hospital information System. It is a
comprehensive, integrated information system
designed to manage the administrative, financial
and clinical aspect of a hospital. It benefits are easy
access to patient data, helps in decision support
system for health care polities, efficient and
accurate administration of finance, improved
monitoring of drug usage, etc.
(v) Reservation System: A computer reservations
system is a computerized system used to store,
retrieve information and conduct transactions
related to air travel. It is designed and operated by
airlines.

30. (vi) Human Resources (HR) Management: It functions
includes a variety of activities, and key among them is
deciding what staffing needs you have and whether
to use independent contractors or hire employees to
fill these needs, recruiting and training the best
employees, dealing with performance issues, etc.
(vii) Attendance System: There are three components
that make up a Time and Attendance system. First,
Barcode readers are used to allow employee to make
quick and adequate time transaction. Second, data
taken from devices needs to be managed and stored
by PC’s. Third, management of the time transactions,
payroll generation and detailed reports is done by the
Time and Attendance software.

31. (viii) Billing system: This is a system that tracks
customer usage of services, and calculates the
impact on a customer’s account, based on the
price of the service. Billing systems have come to
include noncore functionality such as customer
management, integration with payment gateways,
and statistical analysis.

32. ASSIGNMENT
Revise all your notes

33. TERMINOLOGIES
1. Suite
2. Package
3. Special