1. COMPARISON OF AODV AND
DSR MANET ROUTING
PROTOCOLS
Presented By:
Sandeep Kaur
Mtech CSE/ Part Time
Roll No: M10/12

2. INTRODUCTION
A Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) is a kind of wireless ad-hoc
network, and is a self-configuring network of mobile outers connected
by wireless links. It is a wireless network without infrastructure. Self-configurability
and easy deployment feature of the MANET resulted in
numerous applications in this modern era. Efficient routing protocols
will make MANETs reliable. Various research communities are working
in field of MANET and trying to adopt the protocols and technology in
other applications as well. One of the important research areas in
MANET is establishing and maintaining the ad hoc network through the
use of routing protocols.

3. CATEGORIES OF MANET ROUTING PROTOCOLS
• Proactive: These types of protocols are called table driven routing protocols in which, all
the route information is maintained in routing table. The aim is to keep consistent and up
to date routing information between every pair of nodes in the network by proactively
propagating route updates at fixed time intervals. Example - Destination-Sequenced
Distance Vector (DSDV); Optimized Link-State Routing (OLSR); HSR (Hierarchical State
Routing Protocol) etc.
• Reactive: This network maintains only the routes that are currently in use, so reducing
the burden on the network when only a few of all available routes is in use at any time.
These types of protocols are also called as On Demand Routing Protocols where the
routes are not before defined for routing. Example: Dynamic Source Routing (DSR); Ad
Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) etc.
• Hybrid: This type of protocols combines the features of proactive and reactive routing
protocols. Routing is established proactively by prospected routes and then serves the
demands from additionally activated nodes through reactive flooding. Examples of
hybrid protocols are: ZRP (Zone Routing Protocol); TORA (Temporally Ordered Routing
Algorithm).

4. APPLICATIONS OF MANETS
• There are various applications of MANETs such as:
• Military or police exercises.
• Disaster relief operations.
• Mine site operations.
• Urgent Business meetings
• Personal area network

5. DSR – Dynamic Source Routing
The key distinguishing feature of DSR is the use of source routing. That
is, the sender knows the complete hop-by-hop route to the destination.
These routes are stored in a route cache. The data packets carry the
source route in the packet header. When a node in the ad hoc network
attempts to send a data packet to a destination for which it does not
already know the route, it uses a route discovery process to
dynamically determine such a route. Route discovery works by flooding
the network with route request (RREQ) packets. Each node receiving an
RREQ rebroadcasts it, unless it is the destination or it has a route to the
destination in its route cache. Such a node replies to the RREQ with a
route reply (RREP) packet that is routed back to the original source.

6. AODV – Ad-hoc OnDemand Distance Vector
AODV shares DSR’s on-demand characteristics in that it also discovers
routes on an as needed basis via a similar route discovery process.
However, AODV adopts a very different mechanism to maintain routing
information. It uses traditional routing tables, one entry per
destination. This is in contrast to DSR, which can maintain multiple
route cache entries for each destination. Without source routing, AODV
relies on routing table entries to propagate an RREP back to the source
and, subsequently, to route data packets to the destination. AODV uses
sequence numbers maintained at each destination to determine
freshness of routing information and to prevent routing loops. These
sequence numbers are carried by all routing packets.

7. PROBLEM STATEMENT
• In this project, attempt is to compare two well-known protocols
AODV (reactive) and DSR (reactive) using NS2 tool. The comparison
will be done based on performance metrics like –
• Throughput, and
• Packet delivery ratio

8. METHODOLOGY
• Step:-1 Install Ubuntu 12.10
• Step:-2 Update ubuntu using command Sudo-apt get update
• Step:-3 Install NS-2.35
• Step:-4 Install xgraph
• Step:-5 Install Network Animator
• Step:-6 Create a scenario consisting of 5-10 mobile nodes, also define the
node configuration for AODV protocol. Obtain graphs for Throughput and
Packet Delivery ratio
• Step:-7 Similarly create a scenario for DSR protocol using same node
configuration. Obtain graphs for throughput and packet delivery ratio.
• Step:-8 Show the comparison through graphs

9. FUTURE WORK
In our thesis work we will improve the security of AODV protocol using
Cryptography algorithm. After improving security we will compare the
modified protocol with simple AODV protocol. Further comparisons can
be obtained with other protocols such as DSDV, DSR.