this slide wil describe the various mechanical properties of metals like aluminium steel b

1. PBL PROJECT
FUNDAMENTALS OF
MANUFACTURING
PROCESSES
MEE 205
TOPIC : COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT MATERIALS
GUIDED BY
PROF. DEIVANATHAN R
PREPARED BY:
SHUBHAM KUMAR 12BME0146
SANDEEP KUMAR 12BME0491
ABHISHEK CHANDRAKAR 12BME0444
ABHINAV PATHAK 12BME0514
GAURAV GOYAL 12BME0086
AMITESH GAVEL 12BME0081

2. OBJECTIVES
 To find and study the mechanical properties
of materials and compare them by plotting
the graph.
Materials are -:
 Brass
 Mild steel
 Aluminium

3.  Tensile strength->it is the maximum stress that a material
can withstand while being stretched or pulled before failing
or breaking. Tensile strength is the opposite of compressive
strength.
 Hardness ->it is a measure of how resistant solid matter is
to various kinds of permanent shape change when a force is
applied.
TYPES OF MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES

4. CONT…
 Ductility-> It is a solid material's ability to deform under
tensile stress; this is often characterized by the material's
ability to be streched.
 Young's modulus-> It is defined as the ratio of the stress
along an axis over the strain along that axis in the range of
stress in which Hooke's law holds.

5. WORK PLAN
 We will take these three materials, measure
their mechanical properties using respective
instrument as mentioned above.
 We will plot the graph of properties these
materials and do their compare their strength.
 We will study the importance of each material
and its importance in different fields
manufacturing industries.

6. Force, F (N)
THE TENSILE TEST
Plastic Deformation
Elastic Deformation
Elongation, Dl (m)

7. Equations
F
A
 
Stress
In Pa or N.mm2
L
D
 Strain
0
e
L
No units

8. Elastic Behavior
Hooke’s Law
Ee  
E= Young’s modulus
A measure of stiffness

9. Tensile Test
 Tension test is carried out; to obtain the stress-strain
diagram, to determine the tensile properties and
hence to get valuable information about the
mechanical behavior and the engineering
performance of the material. The major
parameters
that describe the stress-strain
 Curve obtained during the tension test are the
I. Tensile strength (UTS)
II. Yield strength
III. Elastic modulus (E)
IV. Toughness

10. PROPERTIES OBTAINED FROM TENSILE TEST
 Young's Modulus: This is the slope of the linear
portion of the stress-strain curve, it is usually
specific to each material; a constant, known value.
 Ultimate Tensile Strength: This is the highest
value of stress on the stress-strain curve.
 Ductility: It is the measure of the plastic
deformation that has been sustained at fracture
point.
10

11. ALUMINIUM

12. GENERAL PROPERTIES
 General information
 Chemical formula: Al
 Molecular weight:
26.98
 It is the second most malleable metal and sixth most
ductile.
 Composition
 1000 series (Al, Si)
 3000 series (Al, Mn, Cu, Mg, Si, Fe)
 5000 series ( Al, Mg, Mn, Si, Fe, Zn)
 8000 series (Al, Sn, Ni, Si, Fe)

13. PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM
Physical Properties
 Density: 2.7 g/cm3
 melting point : approx 5800C
Mechanical properties
 Young's modulus - 45-72 GPa
 Poisson's ratio - 0.33
 Tensile Strength - 70-360 MPa
 Hardness- Vickers - 30-100 Hv
 Yield Strength - 30- 286 MPa
 Compressive strength – 30- 286 MPa
 Elongation - 2-41 %

14. TABLE OF RESULTS EXPLAINED

15. GRAPH (ALUMINIUM)

16. CALCULATIONS
 Ultimate Tensile Strength= 97
MPa
 Yield Point = 74 MPa
 Modulus of Elasticity= 48.69
Gpa
*As per the Graphical Values.

18. COMPOSITION
 Alloy (copper with 5-40% zinc)

19. PROPERTIES
 Young’s modulus 90-
110 GPa
 Yield strength 95-
500 MPa
 Tensile strength 310-
550 MPa
 Elongation 5-60
%
 Vickers hardness 65-
220 HV

20. Table of results explained

21. GRAPH(BRASS)

22. CALCULATIONS
 Young’s modulus is the gradient of the
straight line
 Modulus of Elasticity= 105.33 GPa
 Yield Strength= 158 MPa
 Ultimate Tensile Strength= 220MPa
*As per the Graphical Values

24. COMPOSITON AND PROPERTIES OF MILD
STEEL
 Also known as Low-Carbon Steel.
 Composition:-
• Ferum: 99.70%wt - 99.98%wt
• Carbon: 0.02%wt – 0.25%wt
 General properties:
• Density: 7800 – 7900 kgm-3
 Mechanical properties:
Modulus of Elasticity 100 – 150 GPa
Yield Strength 130 – 200 MPa
Tensile Strength 345 – 580 MPa
Elongation 26% – 47%
Hardness 107.5 – 172.5 HV

26. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STRESS AND
STRAIN FOR MILD STEEL

27. CALCULATIONS
 Modulus of Elasticity= 105.8 GPa
 Yield Strength= 140 MPa
 Ultimate Tensile Strength= 155 MPa
*As per the Graphical Values

28. 7.1 WHY DO WE COMPARE?
28
•To develop a standard, with which to compare others.
•Allows trends to be identified and plotted.
•To determine how are results might effect real life
applications.
•It allows us to predict what might happen in later
experiments (e.g. What a combination of the materials
might exhibit).

29. OUR RESULTS

30. 7.3 INTERPRETATION
It is clear from the graph that....
 The three metals behaved in very different
ways.
 Aluminium was the softest, more ductile of the
three samples.
 Brass behaved in a less ductile manner.
 Order of toughness as obtained from graph:
Mild Steel < Aluminium < Brass
 The ultimate tensile strength (UTS) varied
greatly between metals. 30

31. 7.4 APPLICATION- ALUMINIUM
 Low energy plastic deformation.
 Low Density- Lightweight.
 Highly recyclable.
31
Key properties:

32. Key Properties:
32
7.4 Application- Brass
• Relatively Low Density.
• Higher elastic/plastic limit than
aluminium, however still relatively
low- malleable.
• Corrosive/tarnish resistant due to
its zinc content.
• Decorative.

33. Key
Properties:
33
7.4 Application- Mild Steel
• High UTS
• Very “stiff”- ideal for a wide
range of civil applications.
• Cheap, carbon content.

34. THANK
YOU