Aron chpt 11 ed (2)

Chapter Outline ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Steps for Figuring the Chi-Square Statistic ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Chi-Square Table (pg. 443) ,[object Object],[object Object]

Summary: Hypothesis Testing Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 1: Restate the question as a H a and H o ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 3: Determine the cutoff on the comparison distribution at which the null hypothesis should be rejected. ,[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved

Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object], O E (O-E) (O-E) 2 Male 996 693 303 91,809 91809/693 132.48 Female 390 693 -303 91,809 91809/693 132.48 264.96

Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. ,[object Object], O E (O-E) (O-E) 2 Male 996 693 303 91,809 91809/693 132.48 Female 390 693 -303 91,809 91809/693 132.48 264.96

Second Example of Hypothesis Testing Chi-Square Test for Goodness of Fit ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Method Aggressive Manipulative Passive Assertive N of students 8 2 2 8

Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], O E (O-E) (O-E) 2 ,[object Object],8 5 3 9 9/5 1.8 ,[object Object],2 5 -3 9 9/6 1.8 ,[object Object],2 5 3 9 9/7 1.8 ,[object Object],8 5 -3 9 9/8 1.8 7.2

Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. ,[object Object], O E (O-E) (O-E) 2 ,[object Object],8 5 3 9 9/5 1.8 ,[object Object],2 5 -3 9 9/6 1.8 ,[object Object],2 5 3 9 9/7 1.8 ,[object Object],8 5 -3 9 9/8 1.8 7.2

The Chi-Square Test for Independence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Copyright © 2011 by Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved Gender TOTAL Age Male Female ,[object Object],28 30 58 (26.1%) ,[object Object],125 39 164 (73.9%) ,[object Object],153 69 222 (100.0%)

Independence ,[object Object],[object Object], Gender TOTAL Age Male Female ,[object Object],28 (18.3%) 30 (43.5%) 58 (26.1%) ,[object Object],125 (81.7%) 39 (56.5%) 128 (73.9%) ,[object Object],153 69 222 100.0%)

Determining Expected Frequencies

Steps of Hypothesis Testing ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 2: Determine the characteristics of the comparison distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], Gender TOTAL Age Male Female ,[object Object],28 30 58 (26.1%) ,[object Object],125 39 164 (73.9%) ,[object Object],153 69 222 (100.0%)

Step 3: Determine the cutoff sample score on the comparison distribution at which the null hypothesis should be rejected. ,[object Object],[object Object]

Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object], Gender TOTAL Age Male Female ,[object Object],28 30 58 (26.1%) ,[object Object],125 39 164 (73.9%) ,[object Object],153 69 222

Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object], Gender TOTAL Age Male Female ,[object Object],28 (.261)(153)= 39.9 30 (.261)(69)= 18.0 58 (26.1%) ,[object Object],125 (.739)(153)= 113.1 39 (.739)(69)= 51.0 164 (73.9%) ,[object Object],153 69 222

[object Object],[object Object],Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. Gender TOTAL Age Male Female O E O E ,[object Object],28 39.9 30 18.0 58 (26.1%) ,[object Object],125 113.1 39 51.0 164 (73.9%) ,[object Object],153 69 222

+ + + Gender TOTAL Age Male Female O E O E ,[object Object],28 39.9 30 18.0 58 (26.1%) ,[object Object],125 113.1 39 51.0 164 (73.9%) ,[object Object],153 69 222

Step 5: Decide whether to accept or reject the null hypothesis. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Second Example of Hypothesis Testing Chi-Square Test for Independence ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Suspended Aggressive Manipulative Passive Assertive TOTAL Yes 7 1 1 1 10 No 1 1 1 7 10 TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20

Step 1: Restate the question as a research hypothesis and a null hypothesis about the population. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Step 2: Determine the characteristics of the comparison distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Suspended Aggressive Manipulative Passive Assertive TOTAL Yes 7 1 1 1 10 No 1 1 1 7 10 TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20

Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object],Suspended Aggressive Manipulative Passive Assertive TOTAL Yes 7 1 1 1 10 (50%) No 1 1 1 7 10 (50%) TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20

Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. ,[object Object],[object Object],Suspended Aggressive Manipulative Passive Assertive TOTAL Yes 7 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (4) 10 (50%) No 1 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 7 (4) 10 (50%) TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20

[object Object],[object Object],Step 4: Determine your sample’s score on the comparison distribution. Suspended Aggressive Manipulative Passive Assertive TOTAL Yes 7 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (4) 10 (50%) No 1 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 7 (4) 10 (50%) TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20

Suspended Aggressive Manipulative Passive Assertive TOTAL Yes 7 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 1 (4) 10 (50%) No 1 (4) 1 (1) 1 (1) 7 (4) 10 (50%) TOTAL 8 2 2 8 20

Aron chpt 11 ed (2)

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