A slide presentation on unconventional sources of energy which takes you through the basics.

1. NON-CONVENTIONAL
SOURCES OF ENERGY
PPT FOR PHYSICS

2. TYPES OF UNCONVENTIONAL ENERGIES
DISCUSSED INTHIS PRESENTATION
 NUCLEAR ENERGY
TIDAL ENERGY
 SOLAR ENERGY
 WIND ENERGY

3. NUCLEAR ENERGY
■ Nuclear energy is generated by the virtue of controlled
chain reactions
■ This form of energy was discovered immediately after
the discovery of radioactive elements
■ The formation of nuclear energy is due to the conversion
of mass into energy after the process of splitting of
atoms takes place
■ Nuclear energy fuel, which is widely used in the world is
Uranium (U-235) due to its property of quick splitting of
atoms
■ The reason nuclear energy is being promoted is that it
does not cause environmental pollution, as no harmful
gases are let out into the atmosphere
■ Nuclear power is generated using Uranium, which is a
metal mined in various parts of the world.
■ The first large-scale nuclear power station opened at
Calder Hall in Cumbria, England, in 1956.
■ Some military ships and submarines have nuclear power
plants for engines.
■ Nuclear power produces around 11% of the world's
energy needs, and produces huge amounts of energy
from small amounts of fuel, without the pollution that
you'd get from burning fossil fuels.
FIG(A). HOW ITWORKS
FIG(B). NUCLEAR POWER PLANT

4. APPLICATIONS OF NUCLEAR ENERGY
■ NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS
These are power plants that run on nuclear reactors. Nuclear reactors, in
simple words, can be described as a well-designed device which is used for
initiating and controlling a nuclear chain reaction. Nuclear fission produces
heat which is used in the creation of electricity in a nuclear power plant.
■ RADIATIONTHERAPY
This is a modern use of nuclear energy and is used in the treatment of
cancer by destroying cancerous cells in the patient's body.This technique is
also called radiation oncology or radiotherapy.
■ FOOD PROCESSING
If nuclear energy is exposed to food in small amounts, then it is possible to
kill harmful germs, micro-organisms and bacteria present in it which cause
decaying and disease. So, in this age of growing demand for quality food,
nuclear energy is a big boon.
■ INDUSTRIALAPPLICATION
There are many manufacturers who use radio-isotopes in enhancing the
quality of goods produced in industries.This happens because
radioisotopes help in detecting faults in goods produced. Radioactive
materials are used in the place of oil and natural gas in the petroleum and
mining sector whereas in the automobile sector, it is used to check steel
quality.

5. TIDAL ENERGY
■ Tidal energy is produced through the use of tidal energy generators.
These large underwater turbines are placed in areas with high tidal
movements, and are designed to capture the kinetic motion of the
ebbing and surging of ocean tides in order to produce electricity.
Tidal power has great potential for future power and electricity
generation because of the massive size of the oceans.These articles
explore the potential energy of tidal power technologies.
■ Tidal energy is one of the oldest forms of energy used by humans.
Indeed, tide mills, in use on the Spanish, French and British coasts,
date back to 787 A.D
■ Tidal power is non-polluting, reliable and predictable.Tidal barrages,
undersea tidal turbines – like wind turbines but driven by the sea –
and a variety of machines harnessing undersea currents are under
development. Unlike wind and waves, tidal currents are entirely
predictable.
■ Tidal power is a form of low-head hydroelectricity and uses familiar
low-head hydroelectric generating equipment
■ Tidal energy is a renewable source of electricity which does not result
in the emission of gases responsible for global warming or acid rain
associated with fossil fuel generated electricity.Use of tidal energy
could also decrease the need for nuclear power, with its associated
radiation risks.

6. APPLICATIONS OFTIDAL ENERGY
■ Tidal Electricity – Like other forms of Energy ,the
main usage ofTidal Energy is in the generation of
Electricity.Tidal Energy is being used in France to
generate 240 MW ofTidal Electricity at very low
costs.
■ Grain Mills- Just likeWind Mills,Tidal Energy was
used for the mechanical crushing of grains in Grain
Mills.The movement ofTurbines due toTidal
Energy was used in the crush Grains.
■ Energy Storage –Tidal Energy can also be used as
a store of Energy. Like many of the hydroelectric
dams which can be used a large Energy Storage ,so
Tidal Barrages with their reservoirs can be
modified to store energy.
■ Provide Protection to Coast in High Storms –
Tidal Barrages can prevent Damage to the Coast
during High Storms and also provide an easy
transport method between the 2 arms of a Bay or
an Estuary on which it is built.

7. SOLAR ENERGY
■ Solar energy is energy that is present in sunlight. It has
been used for thousands of years in many different ways by
people all over the world.As well as its traditional human
uses in heating, cooking, and drying, it is used today to
make electricity where other power supplies are absent,
such as in remote places and in space.
■ Horticulture and agriculture seek to make the maximum
use of solar energy.These include techniques like timing of
planting cycles and mixing of plant varieties. Green houses
are also used to convert light into heat to promote year
round cultivation of special crops
■ Solar chemical processes replace fossil fuels as a source for
chemical energy and can make solar energy storable and
transportable. Photosynthesis can create a variety of fuels.
Technology for producing Hydrogen is a major area of solar
chemical research.
■ Thermal storage systems can store solar energy in the form
of heat by using common materials with high specific heat
such as stone, earth and water. Solar energy can be stored
also in molten salts.

8. APPLICATIONS OF SOLAR ENERGY
■ Solar powered hot water systems utilize solar
energy to heat water. In certain areas, 60 to 70% of
water used domestically for temperatures as high as
60 degree Celsius can be made available by solar
heating
■ Solar chimneys are passive solar ventilation
systems. Shafts connect the interior and exterior of
the building.The functioning can be improved by
glazing and using thermal mass materials.
■ Solar power is the most exciting use of solar energy.
It is how solar energy is converted into electricity by
using either photo-voltaic (direct method) or
concentrated solar power (Indirect). Large beams of
sunlight are focused into a small beam using mirrors
or lenses in the case of concentrated solar power.
Photoelectric effect is used by Photo voltaic to
convert solar energy into electric energy

9. WIND ENERGY
■ Wind is simply air in motion.Winds are created by the sun's
uneven heating of the atmosphere in combination with the
irregular surface of the earth and the earth's rotation.These
winds can be "harvested" using wind turbines and used to
make electricity.The force of the wind makes the wind
turbine blades spin, and the energy of this motion is
converted into electricity by a generator.
■ Wind energy is one of the best sources of alternative energy.
It is a renewable source of energy and does not produce any
pollutants or emissions during operation that could harm the
environment, other than those required for maintenance.
Wind power is one of the cleanest and safest method of
generating renewable electricity.
■ Wind energy is underutilized as of now and holds
tremendous potential for the future.Though there has been
a 25% increase in wind turbine use in the last decade, wind
energy still provides only a small percentage of the energy of
the world.

10. APPLICATIONS OFWIND ENERGY
■ Energy-generating wind turbines: Wind turbines
are installed to capture the power of the wind and
be able to convert it to energy.This can be on a
broad scale, such as the wind turbines found on
wind farms
■ Wind-powered vehicles:You’ve probably heard
about this one recently. A car, powered primarily
by wind (using kites), just completed a 3,100 mile
journey across Australia.While it wasn’t 100%
powered by the wind, it was a good example of
how cars can also be powered using alternative
energies.
■ Wind/Kite-Powered Cargo Ships:Another great
example of tapping into the power of the wind, can
be found with Cargill.Cargill has stepped up and
gone with the innovative idea of installing a large
kite on one of its cargo ships in order to tap into
the power of the wind and thus reduce fuel
consumption and CO2 emissions. Now, of course
wind has been used for hundreds and thousands of
year to “power” sailing and smaller vessels

11. GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
■ Geothermal energy is a form of renewable energy
derived from heat deep in the earth’s crust.
■ Geothermal Energy has been around for as long as
the Earth has existed. “Geo” means earth, and
“thermal” means heat. So, geothermal means
earth-heat.
■ Geothermal power is generated in over 20 countries
around the world including Iceland, the United
States, Italy, France, Lithuania, NewZealand,
Mexico, Nicaragua,Costa Rica, Russia, the
Philippines, Indonesia, the People’s Republic of
China and Japan.
■ New facilities can produce electricity from
geothermal energy for between 4.5 and 7.3 cents
per kilowatt-hour, making it competitive with new
conventional fossil fuel-fired power plants.
■ Geothermal energy is called a renewable energy
source because the water is replenished by rainfall,
and the heat is continuously produced by the earth.

12. APPLICATIONS OF GEOTHERMAL ENERGY
■ InTuscany, Italy, farmers have used water
heated by geothermal energy for hundreds
of years to grow vegetables in the winter.
■ Geothermal energy is also used in fish farms.
■ Geothermal energy technology is used to
bring warmer temperatures into your home
without using fossil fuels, just by tapping into
a heat exchange deep below the surface of
the earth.
■ Industry is another consumer of geothermal
energy. Its uses vary from drying fruits,
drying vegetables, drying wood, and dying
wool to extracting gold and silver from ore.
■ Geothermal energy is also used to heat
sidewalks and roads in order to prevent
freezing in the winter.
■ Geothermal power plants are also a good
electricity generator.

13. THANKYOU