"Study of Laser Ignition System" / PAAVAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING / B.E- AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING / final year project presented by ARAVIND KUMAR M S (622014102001),SANTHOSH KUMAR B (622014102325) & DEEPAKKUMAR N (622014102701)

1. ARAVIND KUMAR M S (622014102001)
SANTHOSH KUMAR B (622014102325)
DEEPAKKUMAR N (622014102701)
Presented by
PAAVAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
Mr.M.KATHIRESAN, M.E,
Assistant Professor
Automobile Engineering
Paavai College of Engineering
Namakkal – 636018
Under guidance of
DEPARTMENT OF AUTOMOBILE ENGINEERING
BATCH NO :05
STUDY OF LASER IGNITION SYSTEM

2. ABSTRACT
The increasing disadvantages of spark plug ignition system due to some causes, it is becoming
essential to find an alternative to the spark plug ignition system. spark plug ignition system is unable to
burn the fuel mixture completely inside the combustion chamber,where as the alternative to it .The laser
ignition system burns air fuel mixture completely and runs the engine for a longer time compared to
spark plug ignition system.It is help to achieving the best performance of vehicle. This project presents
the overall scenario of the working of laser ignition system which as the name suggests makes use of the
laser.In this paper, mostly considering performances of laser ignition and conventional spark ignition
systems are comparatively evaluated in terms of in-cylinder pressure variation, combustion stability, fuel
consumption, power output and exhaust emissions at similar operating conditions of the engine due to the
better outcome of this project yet to be aimed it.

3. Synopsis:
 Introduction
 Types of ignition
 Spark ignition
 Drawbacks of spark plug
 Remedies of problem
 Laser ignition
 Future Researches
 Advantages
 Comparison between SI & LI
 Conclusion

4. INDRODUCTION
 A laser can be used instead of spark plug in ignition system .
 The laser ignition system can be change the concept of ignition process .
 It has may advantages compare to spark plug.
 By using laser plasma can located any where in the combustion chamber.
 Laser doesn't need electrode.
 Location of spark plug is flexible.

5. IGNITION SYSTEM
There are two type of ignitions are classified likes,
 Compression ignition
 Induced ignition
Definition
 It ‘s the power produce system.( 2 ms)
 To create a sparks/initial Energy.
 The air fuel mixtures are burn by a spark.
Types of Ignition

6. Compression Ignition
Depends upon the Pressure & Temperature.

7. Induced Ignition
 Called as SPARK IGNITION ( 50-60 per sec).
 Use to spark plug
 The plug able to burn the A/F mixtures in SI engines

8. Drawbacks of Spark Plug

9. Remedies of Problems
 When avoid the drawbacks of spark plug then need to alternative solution.
 An alternative solution to standard spark plug is the use of pulsed laser,
focused to create plasma, representing the laser ignition.
 Laser ignition, or laser-induced ignition, is the process of starting
combustion by the stimulus of a laser light source.

10. Laser Ignition
The term ‘laser’ is an acronym for Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation.

11. Types of Laser
 Gas Laser
He-ne gas,co2 gas ,co gas & Ar-ion gases
 Chemical Laser
a) Hydrogen fluoride laser
b) Deuterium fluoride laser
 Excimer Laser
Semi conductor
 Solid State Laser
Nd:Yag laser

12. Types of Laser Ignition
 Thermal initiation
• No electrical breakdown
• Kinetic energy-rotational or vibrational forms
 Non-Resonant breakdown
Invisible or UV range-multi photon energy
 Resonant breakdown
• less input electron
• Direct ionization of atoms

13. Ignition in Combustion Chamber
 The laser beam is passed through a convex lens, this convex lens diverge the
beam and make it immensely strong and sufficient enough to start combustion at
that point.
 Initial temperatures 200°C

14. Principle Components of a Laser

15. Laser Arrangement with Respect to Engine

16.  Power source -12 v battery.
 Optical window
a) Withstand the thermal and mechanical stresses from the engine.
b) Withstand the high laser power.
 Optic fiber wire
It is used to transport the laser beam from generating unit to the focusing unit.
Laser Arrangement with Respect to Engine

17.  Focusing unit
A set of optical lenses are used to focus the laser beam into the combustion chamber.

18. Principle of Laser Ignition System

19. Laser Plug

20. Spark plug
Working of Laser Ignition System

21. 6 ns
7 ns
8 ns
9 ns
10 ns
11 ns
12 ns
13 ns
14 ns
15 ns
16 ns
18 ns
20 ns
22 ns
25 ns
30 ns
35 ns
40 ns
45 ns
50 ns
60 ns
70 ns
80 ns
Flame Propagation

22. For safe operation of an engine even at cold start conditions increased pulse
energy of the first few laser pulses would be beneficial for cleaning of the beam
entrance window. minimum pulse energies are too low since such “self-cleaning”
mechanisms are not taken into account
Self Cleaning Property

23.  Cost
 Concept proven, but no commercial system yet available.
 Stability of optical window
 Beam Delivery
 Particle Deposits
 Intelligent control
 Laser Distribution
 Multiple pulse ignition
 Multiple point ignition
Future Researches

24.  Durability
 Alternative fuel
 shorter ignition delay time
 shorter combustion time
 Less Emission
Advantages

25. Comparison between Laser & Spark Ignition
Parameters Laser Ignition Spark Ignition
Ignition Location Flexible Fixed
Multi-Point Ignition Possible Possible
Ignition of lean Mix. Can be ignited Cannot be ignited
Emission Very less More
Ignition Timing Precise(No misfire) Not Precise
Maintenance Low(Self-cleaning) High
Life time High Low

26. CONCLUSION
In this project, it is described the positive research work on laser ignitions which can replace the
conventional spark plug in near future very soon due to avoid the disadvantage of spark plug ignition
system . The laser ignition systems able to burn air fuel mixtures completely and runs the engine for
a longer time compare to spark plug ignition system which helps to lower down the Nox emission
and gives better fuel efficiency .And laser ignition will be a milestone of future in automobile
industry. Main advantages are the free choice of the ignition location within the combustion chamber
and Significant reductions in fuel consumption & exhaust gas. At present, a laser ignition plug is
very expensive as compared to spark plugs. But potential advantages will surely bring it in to market
for many practical applications.

27. REFERENCE
1) Takuma Endo & Keisuke Kuwamoto by “Comparative study of laser ignition and spark-plug
ignition in high-speed flows” Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan.
2) J. Griffiths, M.J.W. Rileyb & Borman , by “Effect of flow velocity and temperature on ignition
characteristics in laser ignition of natural gas and air mixtures” Brayford Pool, Lincoln, LN6 7TS,
United Kingdom .
3) J D Mullett , G Triantos, and S Keen by “The influence of beam energy, mode and focal length on the
control of laser ignition in an internal combustion engine” GSI Group, UK.
4) Cangsu Xu n, Donghua Fang& Jian Ma, by “A comparative study of laser ignition and spark ignition
with gasoline–air mixtures”, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027.
5) Lydia Wermer a , James Hanssonb & Seong-kyun Im a ,by” Dual-pulse laser-induced spark ignition
and flame propagation of a methane diffusion jet flame” Department of Mechanical Engineering,
USA.

28. Thank you !