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Yi-Cheng Tsai
Yi-Cheng Tsai
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VISUALATTENTION: Control, Representation, and Time Course Howard E. Egeth and Steven Yantis Department of Psychology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
1. Attentional control Top-down control (goal-directed) Bottom-up control (stimulus-driven) 2. Representational basis for visual selection. 3. Time course of attention.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION Feature Singletons & Attentional Capture
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION Feature Singletons & Attentional Capture
[object Object],Reaction time OO / OO //// O < O O / O O / // / O < Reaction time < Theeuwes (1992) Pashler (1988) Feature Singletons & Attentional Capture STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION
[object Object],STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION cue array target array L T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T Joseph & Optican (1996) Feature Singletons & Attentional Capture Attention was drawn to the cue even though it was known to be irrelevant to the task.
[object Object],H R S O X Z E I V P B J A G W Q L U Y M K T N C F G R E O Z B T H C I S D Y J P Q L U N M K A W F V P R O C T Z Q N V Y E K A J F X L I W G B H U M P M C Y J R O G T W C V A Y E K N P X M Z U Q F B H I P L K Jonides & Yantis (1988) Feature Singletons & Attentional Capture Reaction time to find the target did not differ whether the target was the unique element or not. STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION
[object Object],Hillstrom & Yantis (1994) Feature Singletons & Attentional Capture T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T L T T T T T T T T Moving element Target element T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T T L T T T T T T T T Target element and also the Moving element STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION Reaction time of the moving targets did not differ from the stationary ones.
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Feature Singletons & Attentional Capture Bacon & Egeth (1994) STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Abrupt Visual Onsets & Attentional Capture Jonides (1981) STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION
STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION ,[object Object],Yantis & Jonides (1984) Abrupt Visual Onsets & Attentional Capture A visual search task searching for a prespecified target letter embedded in an array of nontarget letters.
 
STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION Yantis & Jonides (1984) Abrupt Visual Onsets & Attentional Capture The target happened to be the onset letter The target was one of the no-onset letters < Reaction time
STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Abrupt Visual Onsets & Attentional Capture Yantis & Hillstrom (1994)
 
 
 
 
EXP3
STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION ,[object Object],[object Object],Abrupt Visual Onsets & Attentional Capture Yantis & Hillstrom (1994)
STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION ,[object Object],[object Object],Interaction of Goal-Driven & Stimulus-Driven Capture
STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Interaction of Goal-Driven & Stimulus-Driven Capture Folk.Remington.Johnston(1992)
EXP1 TABLE
EXP2 TABLE
 
STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Interaction of Goal-Driven & Stimulus-Driven Capture Folk.Remington.Johnston(1992)
STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Interaction of Goal-Driven & Stimulus-Driven Capture Wolfe (1994)
STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION ,[object Object],Interaction of Goal-Driven & Stimulus-Driven Capture William James
exp1
exp2
THE REPRESENTATIONAL BASIS OF VISUAL SELECTION “ If attention selects a stimulus, what is the stimulus that it selects?”
Viewpoint 1 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Viewpoint 2 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Overlap and Grouping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overlap and Grouping ,[object Object]
Overlap and Grouping ,[object Object],[object Object]
Overlap and Grouping ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Motion ,[object Object],[object Object]
Motion ,[object Object],[object Object]
Motion ,[object Object],[object Object]
The Time Course Of Attention
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Time Course of Attention
Directing Attention ,[object Object]
Directing Attention Peripheral cue: fast, transient response Central cue: slow, sustained response = deliberate shift of attention
Dwell Time of Attention (Visual Search) ,[object Object],[object Object]
Dwell Time of Attention (Visual Search)
Dwell Time of Attention (RSVP-whole) ,[object Object],[object Object],SOAs: 33, 67, or 100 ms
Dwell Time of Attention (RSVP-whole)
Dwell Time of Attention (RSVP-whole) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dwell Time of Attention (RSVP-whole) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dwell Time of Attention (RSVP-partial) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dwell Time of Attention (RSVP-partial) ,[object Object]
Dwell Time of Attention (RSVP-partial) ,[object Object]
Rapid serial visual presentation partial report ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rapid serial visual presentation partial report ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Rapid serial visual presentation minimal sequences-1
Why the discrepant results -1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why the discrepant results -1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Why the discrepant results -2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The movement of attention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An analog and continuous fashion -1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An analog and continuous fashion -2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An abrupt relocation- 1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An abrupt relocation- 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An abrupt relocation- 3 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
An abrupt relocation- 4 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],×
 
Hoffman & Nelson (1981) L L Conclusion: identification accuracy was much better when the two stimuli were adjacent to each other
Downing & Pinker (1985) Cued Box Luminance increment (target event) Conclusion: RT was fastest when the target event occurred within the cued box
The Gestalt Laws ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Rock & Guttman (1981) Cover task Conclusion: attended items are more than unattended or new items; unattended and new items did not differ .
Duncan (1984) Conclusion: more accurate when the attributes belonged to the same object .
Egly et al (1994) Conclusion: RTs in the same-object condition were faster than in the different-object condition.
Kahneman et al (1992) S P 500ms 1s ? 590ms Conclusion: naming latencies were much slower for no-match trials than for the other conditions; RTs were significantly faster for the same object condition than for the different object condition . S V S
Tipper et al (1991) 180° target Conclusion: RT was slower when the target appeared within the previously cued object, which suggested that IOR is object-based under these conditions . Cued box Cued box

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Attention Presentation

  • 1. VISUALATTENTION: Control, Representation, and Time Course Howard E. Egeth and Steven Yantis Department of Psychology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218
  • 2. 1. Attentional control Top-down control (goal-directed) Bottom-up control (stimulus-driven) 2. Representational basis for visual selection. 3. Time course of attention.
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  • 15. STIMULUS-DRIVEN & GOAL-DIRECTED CONTROL OF ATTENTION Yantis & Jonides (1984) Abrupt Visual Onsets & Attentional Capture The target happened to be the onset letter The target was one of the no-onset letters < Reaction time
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  • 21. EXP3
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  • 31. exp1
  • 32. exp2
  • 33. THE REPRESENTATIONAL BASIS OF VISUAL SELECTION “ If attention selects a stimulus, what is the stimulus that it selects?”
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  • 43. The Time Course Of Attention
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  • 46. Directing Attention Peripheral cue: fast, transient response Central cue: slow, sustained response = deliberate shift of attention
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  • 48. Dwell Time of Attention (Visual Search)
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  • 50. Dwell Time of Attention (RSVP-whole)
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  • 70. Hoffman & Nelson (1981) L L Conclusion: identification accuracy was much better when the two stimuli were adjacent to each other
  • 71. Downing & Pinker (1985) Cued Box Luminance increment (target event) Conclusion: RT was fastest when the target event occurred within the cued box
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  • 73. Rock & Guttman (1981) Cover task Conclusion: attended items are more than unattended or new items; unattended and new items did not differ .
  • 74. Duncan (1984) Conclusion: more accurate when the attributes belonged to the same object .
  • 75. Egly et al (1994) Conclusion: RTs in the same-object condition were faster than in the different-object condition.
  • 76. Kahneman et al (1992) S P 500ms 1s ? 590ms Conclusion: naming latencies were much slower for no-match trials than for the other conditions; RTs were significantly faster for the same object condition than for the different object condition . S V S
  • 77. Tipper et al (1991) 180° target Conclusion: RT was slower when the target appeared within the previously cued object, which suggested that IOR is object-based under these conditions . Cued box Cued box