Presented by me In Community dentistry Lecture...

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ROLE OF FLUORIDE IN
DENTAL HEALTH.
S.S Hotchandani.

2. What is Fluoride?
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 Fluoride is the ionic form of the element
fluorine.
 Fluoride is a mineral found throughout the
earth's crust and widely distributed in nature.
 Found in soils rich in fluorspar,cryolite,and
other minerals.

3. Sources
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Small amounts:fruits,vegetables,cereals.
Rich amounts:sea foods and tea leaves.

4. Chief Source of Flouride.
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 Water
 Topical agents (toothpaste).
According to WHO
 Flouridated Salt / Milk

5. Distribution of Flourides.
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 Teeth and skeleton have the highest
concentrations of fluoride.
--Due to the affinity of fluoride to calcium.
 Fluoride content of teeth increases rapidly
during early mineralization periods and
continues to increase with age,but at as lower
rate.

6. Use of Flouride.
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 Fluoride helps to prevent cavities.

7. Cavities
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 Cavities are holes (or structural damage) in the
teeth.
Cause
 CommonlyTooth decay

8. Cavity Pics.
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9. Prevention of cavities by Flouride.
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Two different ways:
 Fluoride concentrates in the growing bones
and developing teeth of children, helping to
harden the enamel on baby and adult teeth
before they emerge.
 Fluoride helps to harden the enamel on adult
teeth that have already emerged.

10. Application Types of Flourides.
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 Topically (On the surface).
 Systematically (Throughout the body).

11. Topical Flouride Sources.
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 Toothpaste.
 Mouthrinses.
 Professionally applied gels, foams, rinses.
 Our own saliva.

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 Toothpaste :- Brushing.
 Mouth Rinses :- Gargling.
 Foams :- Professionally used & are put into a
mouth guard.
 Gels :- Can be painted on or applied via a
mouth guard.

13. Flourided Toothpaste.
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 Important component of toothpaste
 Protects the tooth by making the enamel
harder.
 Toothpastes are classified as drugs, not
cosmetics.
 Level of fluoride must be carefully controlled
and measured accurately.
 Introduced around the world in the mid 1950s.

14. Protection by Saliva.
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 After you eat, your Saliva contains acids that
cause demineralization.
 At other times when your saliva is less acidic it
does just the opposite, replenishing the
calcium and phosphorous that keep your teeth
hard. This process is caused
remineralization.

15. Topical Applications.
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Helps to Prevent.
 Cavities by strengthening the surface of the
teeth (the enamel).
 Reducing the ability of bacteria contained in
dental plaque to produce acid.
 Re-mineralizing existing dental cavities.
Fluoride can actually heal small cavities in some cases, and prevent the need for
dental fillings.

16. Systemically Flouride Sources.
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 Water and other beverages.
 Foods
 Drops
 Tablets
 Etc.

17. Application of Systemically
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Flouride.
 Strengthening of developing teeth from infancy
to adolescence.
 Strengthens teeth by the formation of harder
enamel by converting HYDROXYAPATITE
CRYSTALS to FLUORAPATITE.
 Flourapatite is less vulnerable to damage
from plaque acids

18. Dental fluorosis?
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 Dental fluorosis is a developmental
disturbance of dental enamel caused by
excessive exposure to high concentrations
of fluoride during tooth development.
 Due to Inappropriate use of fluoride-
containing dental products.

19. Types of Dental Flourosis.
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 Mild Dental Flourosis (common).
 Sever Dental Flourosis.

20. Mild Dental Flourosis
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 Unnoticeable, tiny white streaks or specks in
the enamel of the tooth.

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Specks / Streaks
A mild case of dental fluorosis (the white streaks on the subject's upper right central
incisor) observed in dental practice

22. Sever Dental Flourosis.
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 Tooth appearance is marred by discoloration
or brown markings.
 Pitted Enamel, Rough and Hard to Clean.
The spots and stains left by fluorosis are permanent and may darken over time.

23. Sever Dental Flourosis. (Case 1)
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24. Sever Dental Flourosis. (Case 2)
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25. Water Fluoridation.
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 Addition of Flouride to Public water Supply.
 Community water fluoridation is safe and
effective in preventing dental caries in both
children and adults.
 Water fluoridation benefits all residents served
by community water supplies regardless of
their social or economic status.
Fluoridation does not affect the appearance, taste or smell of drinking water.

26. Bottled Water and Fluoride.
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 Bottled water may not have a sufficient amount
of fluoride, which is important for preventing
tooth decay and promoting oral health.

27. Summary of Anti-Caries Activity of
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Fluoride.
 Fluoride prevents demineralization.
 Fluoride enhances remineralization.
 Fluoride alters the action of plaque bacteria.
 Fluoride aids in posteruptive maturation of
enamel.
 Fluoride reduces enamel solubility.

28. Fluoride prevents demineralization.
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 Formation of fluorohydroxyapatite (FAP).
 Inhibition of mineral loss from enamel.

29. Fluoride enhances remineralization.
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 formation of a fluoride reservoir.
 creation of supersaturated solutions.

30. Fluoride alters the action of plaque
bacteria.
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 At low pH, fluoride combines with hydrogen
ions and diffuses into oral bacteria as
hydrogen fluoride (HF)
 Inside the cell HF dissociates, acidifying the
cell and releasing fluoride ions
 Fluoride ions inhibit glycolysis
 As fluoride is trapped inside the cell this
becomes a cumulative process

31. Summary
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 Dental caries is a progressive disease
characterised by demineralization
(dissolution) and destruction of enamel
and dentine.
 Fluoride can reduce caries by preventing
demineralization and promoting
remineralization of tooth surfaces and
can also inhibit plaque acid production.

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