Biomechanics of Ankle joint- intended to share the powerpoint with first year undergraduate students at Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Nepal.
3. Functions of ankle and foot
ļ¬ Absorb stress or shock ā pliability of foot
ļ¬ Propulsion of body in walking and
running- rigid foot
ļ¬ Protection ā sensation of sole of foot
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4. Bones of ankle and foot
ļ¬ 26 bones and 2 sesamoids
ļ¬ Forefoot
ā¢Metatarsals- 5
ā¢Phalanges- 14
ļ¬ Midfoot
ā¢5 tarsals
ļ¬ Rearfoot
ā¢Talus and Calcaneus
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5. Ankle and foot
ļ¬ Ankle- Talocrural joint
ļ¬ Foot- joints and bones
including tarsals, meta
tarsals, phalanges
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6. Parts of FOOT
ļ¬ Fore foot
ā¢Metatarsals and phalanges
ļ¬ Mid Foot
ā¢Remaining tarsal bones (with
transverse tarsal and inter
tarsal joints)
ļ¬ Hind Foot
ā¢Talus, calcaneus (with subtalar
joint)
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7. Arthrology
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Joints Type of joint Articular
component
Superior/ Proximal
Tibiofibular joint
Plane synovial
joint
Head of fibula
Posterolateral
aspect of lateral
condyle of tibia
Inferior/ Distal
Tibiofibular joint
Fibrous
Syndesmosis
Distal tibia and
fibula
Ankle/ Talocrural
joint
Hinge Malleolus of tibia
and fibula
Talus
17. Subtalar Joint
ļ¬ Pronation and supination
ļ¬ Closed chain and open chain motion
ļ¬ Important for walking uphill, standing with
feel kept wide apart, agility activities,
balancing on unstable surface
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18. Subtalar Joint
ļ¬ Articulation: posterior, middle
and anterior facets of
calcaneus and talus.
ļ¬ Ligaments- medial, posterior
and lateral talocalcaneal
ligament, cervical ligament
ļ¬ Calcaneofibular lig limits
excessive inversion, deltoid lig
limits eversion
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21. Transverse Tarsal (Mid tarsal) Joint
ļ¬ Talonavicular + Calcaneocuboid joint
ļ¬ Connects rearfoot and mid foot
ļ¬ Equal through all the planes
ļ¬ Role to adapt to variety of surface contours
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22. Talonavicular joint
ļ¬ Resembles a Ball and socket joint
ļ¬ Provides substantial mobility to medial
longitudinal arch
ļ¬ Much movement as inversion and eversion
(twisting)
ļ¬ Head of talus (convex); proximal navicular
(concave)
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23. Talonavicular joint (TNJ)
Spring ligament:
ļ¬ Plantar calcaneo-navicular
ļ¬ From sustentaculum talus
(of calcaneus) to medial
plantar surface of navicular
bone
ļ¬ Forms floor and medial wall
of TNJ
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24. Calcaneocuboid Joint
ļ¬ Anterior (distal) surface of
calcaneus and proximal
surface of cuboid
ļ¬ Dorsal calcaneocuboid
ligament
ļ¬ Bifurcated ligament (Y-
shaped)
ļ¬ Long and short plantar
ligament
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25. Transverse Tarsal joint
ļ¬ Axes of Rotation-
ā¢Longitudinal- inversion/ eversion
ā¢Oblique ā combination of abduction+ dorsiflexion
and adduction+ plantarflexion
ļ¬ Midfoot allows twice as much as supination
(20-25Ā° of inversion) compared to pronation
(10- 15Ā° of eversion)
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39. TMT joint (Lisfrancās Joint)
ļ¬ Separates forefoot and midfoot
ļ¬ Base of metatarsals + distal surfaces of
cuneiform and cuboid
ļ¬ Ligaments: dorsal, plantar and iterosseous
ligaments
ļ¬ Capsule: well developed for 1st TMT joint
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