POWER GENERATION SCENERIO IN INDIA .i.e power generation,transmission,distribution, non-renewable resources and rewable resources

1. Interconnected Power System
POWER GENERATION SCENERIO IN INDIA
Presented by
SAURABH DAYAL SINGH(130050109106)
Semester – VII
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT
BABARIA INSITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
VARNAMA

2. • The first demonstration of electric light in Calcutta was conducted on
24 July 1879.
• The first hydroelectric installation in India was installed near a tea
estate at Sidrapong for the Darjeeling Municipality in 1897.
• The first hydroelectric power station in j&k was established at mohra
in baramulla by maharaja partap Singh in 1905.
• Company (B.E.S.T.) set up a generating station in 1905 to provide
electricity for the tramway.
• The first electric train ran between Bombay's Victoria Terminus and
Kurla along the Harbour Line.
HISTORY

3. Electricity Act (2003)
National Tariff Policy (2006)
Elimination of licensing for
generation projects
Increased competition through
international competitive bidding
engaged in power generation,
transmission and distribution
Launch of UMPP scheme Various
schemes and initiatives such as
Jawaharlal Nehru National
Solar Mission to promote renewable
energy
Civil nuclear agreement with the US
for nuclear technology and fuel Fuel
supply agreement of power
companies with Coal India Ltd (CIL)
Private equity investments in the
sector have surged since 2010
Legislative and policy
initiatives (1991)
Private sector
participation in
generation
Fast-track clearing
mechanism of private
investment proposals
Electricity Regulatory
CommissionsAct (1998) for
establishing Central and
State Electricity Regulatory
Commissions and
rationalisation of tariffs
Industrial Policy
Resolution (1956)
Generation and
distribution of power
under state
ownership
Power losses,
subsidies,
infrastructure
bottlenecks and
resource constraints
• Electricity
(Supply) Act
1948
• Establishment
of semi-
autonomous
State Electricity
Boards (SEBs)
Before 1956
Introductory
Stage
1956–1991
Nationalisation
Stage
1991–2003
Liberalisation Era
2003 onwards
Growth Era

4. 220 kV
Power Plant
Generation
Residential
Customer
Commercial/
Industrial
Customer
Residential
Customer
Distribution
Pole
Urban
Customers
Primary Distribution
66 kV
Transmission
Distribution Transformer
(11/0.415 kV)
Secondary Grid
(66/11 kV)
Primary Grid
(220/66 kV)
Secondary Distribution
Underground Cable
To Other
66Kv
Substations
POWER SYSTEM COMPONENTS

5. Central
Government
State Government Private sector – Indian
and International
-Ministry of Power,
Ministry of New &
Renewable Energy
- Planning Commission,
Central Electricity
Authority, Bureau of
Energy Efficiency
-Corporations: Generation,
Transmission, Trading,
Financing, Manufacturing
-National and Regional
Load Dispatch
-Appellate Tribunal for
Electricity and Central
Electricity Regulatory
Commission
-Ministry of Energy, State
Renewable Energy Agency
-Corporations: Generation,
Transmission, Distribution
-State Load Dispatch
Centre
-State Regulatory
Commission
Generation, Transmission,
Distribution, Trading,
Financing, Manufacturing,
Services
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK -1

6. Ministry of Power
Legal provisions (Electricity Act 2003), Policy directions such as National
Electricity and Tariff Policy, Guidelines for competitive bidding, etc
Central Electricity
Authority
National Electricity plan, monitoring of projects, maintaining data and
statistics, demand forecast, feasibility analysis of Hydro projects, etc
Generation
company
Subject to provisions of act, can generate power based on contracts or
independently. Needs to abide by Load Dispatch directions for scheduling
its generation
Transmission
Company
Builds and operates the transmission network and infrastructure
Distribution
company
Distributes electricity to consumers, in charge of maintaining and building
distribution network, metering, billing and collection from consumers
Load Dispatch
Statutory autonomous body entrusted with scheduling and accounting of
power at state level. Responsible for maintaining grid stability and
discipline
Regulatory
Commission
Regulates all players in the sector, decides tariff, approves capital
expenditure, monitors supply and service quality and ensure
implementation of various provisions of Electricity Act 2003
Market Operator Electricity traders who buy & sell power; Electricity Exchanges
INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORK -2

7. Regulator
Power Flow
Money Flow
Regulation
Market
Generation: Public,
Private
Transmission:
Public, Private
Distribution: Public,
Private, Bulk consumers

8.  In January 2016, the installed power generation capacity of India stood at 2, 84,303
MW.
 The per capita energy consumption stood at 1010 KWhr (2014-15).
 India is the fifth largest in terms of power generation.
 About 69.8% of the electricity consumed in India is generated by Thermal power
plants, 15% by Hydroelectric power plants and 2.0% by Nuclear power plants and
rest of 13.2% from other Renewable Energy Sources.
 Other than PSUs and state level corporations, private sector enterprises also play a
major role in generation, transmission and distribution, about 39.5%
(1,12,207MW) of total installed capacity is generated by private sector.
 India’s electricity generation has been growing continuously to meet the necessities
of the rapidly rising economic activity of the country.
INDIAN POWER SECTOR

9. POWER MAP OF INDIA
POWER GRIDLINES

11. Growth of Installed Capacity in India[3][1]
Installed
Capacity
as on
Thermal (MW)
Nuclear
(MW)
Renewable (MW)
Total (MW)
% Growth
(on yearly
basis)
Coal Gas Diesel
Sub-Total
Thermal
Hydel
Other
Renewable
Sub-Total
Renewable
31-Dec-1947 756 - 98 854 - 508 - 508 1,362 -
31-Dec-1950 1,004 - 149 1,153 - 560 - 560 1,713 8.59%
31-Mar-1956 1,597 - 228 1,825 - 1,061 - 1,061 2,886 13.04%
31-Mar-1961 2,436 - 300 2,736 - 1,917 - 1,917 4,653 12.25%
31-Mar-1966 4,417 137 352 4,903 - 4,124 - 4,124 9,027 18.80%
31-Mar-1974 8,652 165 241 9,058 640 6,966 - 6,966 16,664 10.58%
31-Mar-1979 14,875 168 164 15,207 640 10,833 - 10,833 26,680 12.02%
31-Mar-1985 26,311 542 177 27,030 1,095 14,460 - 14,460 42,585 9.94%
31-Mar-1990 41,236 2,343 165 43,764 1,565 18,307 - 18,307 63,636 9.89%
31-Mar-1997 54,154 6,562 294 61,010 2,225 21,658 902 22,560 85,795 4.94%
31-Mar-2002 62,131 11,163 1,135 74,429 2,720 26,269 1,628 27,897 105,046 4.49%
31-Mar-2007 71,121 13,692 1,202 86,015 3,900 34,654 7,760 42,414 132,329 5.19%
31-Mar-2012 112,022 18,381 1,200 131,603 4,780 38,990 24,503 63,493 199,877 9.00%
31 Mar 2015 169,118 23,062 1,200 188,898 5,780 41,267 35,777 77,044 271,722 11.98%
31 Mar 2016 185,172 24,508 993 210,675 5,780 42,783 42,727 85,510 301,965 11.13%
31 May 2016 186,243 24,509 919 211,670 5,780 42,783 @42,849 85,632 303,083 9.88%

12. Captive Power Generation
Source
Captive Power Capacity
(MW)
Share
Coal 27,588 58.60%
Hydroelectricity 83 0.17%
Renewable energy source Included in 'Oil'
Natural Gas 5,215 11.08%
Oil 14,196 30.17%
Total 47,082 100.00%
Sector
Thermal (MW)
Nuclear
(MW)
Renewable (MW)
Total
(MW)
Coal Gas Diesel
Sub-Total
Thermal
Hydel
Other
Renewable
Sub-Total
Renewable
Central
51,390.0
0
7,555.33 0.00 55,649.73 5,780.00 11,571.43 0.00 11,571.43 76,296.76
State
64,130.5
0
7,210.70 363.93 71,705.13 0.00 28,092.00 1,963.81 30,055.81 101,760.94
Private
70,722.3
8
9,742.60 554.96 81,019.94 0.00 3,120.00 40,885.57 44,005.57 125,025.51
All India
186,242.
88
24,508.63 918.89
211,670.4
0
5,780.00 42,783.43 42,849.38 85,632.81 303,083.21
Percentage 61.44 8.08 0.30 69.83 1.90 14.11 14.13 28.25 100

15. • Transmission forms a critical link in the power sector value chain.
India's power generation capacities are unevenly dispersed across the
country creating an imbalance between the distribution of power
demand and supply centres.
• The country has been demarcated into five electrical Regions:
Northern (NR)
Eastern (ER)
Western (WR)
Southern (SR)
North Eastern (NER)
• All the regional grids are synchronously interconnected and operating as
single grid known as Central Grid or National Grid.
REGIONAL AND NATIONAL GRID

16. Regional
State
National
Local
EVOLUTION OF GRID INTERCONNECTION IN INDIA

18. NEW Grid
South
Grid
South
West
North
East
Northeast
Five Regional Grids
Five Frequencies
October 1991
East and Northeast
synchronized
March 2003
West synchronized
With East & Northeast
August 2006
North synchronized
With Central Grid
Central Grid
Five Regional Grids
Two Frequencies
Target 2012: 200 GW
MERGING
OF
MARKETS
Renewable: 18.4 GW
Installed Capacity: 173 GW
SR Synch
By 2013-14
Inter – Regional
Capacity:
22 GW

19. All India (Anticipated) Power Supply Position in FY 2016-17[33]
Region
Energy Peak Power
Requirement
(MU)
Availability
(MU)
Surplus(+)/D
eficit(-)
Demand
(MW)
Supply (MW)
Surplus(+)/D
eficit(-)
Northern 357,459 351,009 -1.8% 55,800 54,900 -1.6%
Western 379,087 405,370 +6.9% 51,436 56,715 +10.3%
Southern 310,564 320,944 +3.3% 40,145 44,604 -10.0%
Eastern 151,336 135,713 -10.3 % 21,387 22,440 +4.9%
North-Eastern 16,197 14,858 -8.3% 2,801 2,695 -3.8%
All India 1,214,642 1,227,895 +1.1% 164,377 169,403 +2.6%

31. International Interconnections
Maps not to scale
BhutanNepal
Tala: 1020 MW
Chukha: 336 MW
Kurichu: 60 MW
Net import by India
India- Bhutan synchronous links
400 kV Tala-Binaguri D/C
400 kV Tala-Malbase-Binaguri
220 kV Chukha-Birpara D/C
220 kV Chukha-Malbase-Birpara
132 kV Kurichu-Bongaigaon
Over 16 links of 132/33/11 KV
Radial links with Nepal
Net import by Nepal
Bangladesh
400 KV AC line between
Baharampur(India) and
Bheramara(Bangladesh) with
500 MW HVDC sub-station at
Bheramara
Sri – Lanka
Madurai(India) and
Anuradhapura(Sri-Lanka)
through ±500 KV HVDC
under sea cable

32. Renewable
Sources
Solar
Energy
Wind
Energy
Small
Hydro
Biomass
Non-
Renewable
Sources
Coal
Crude oil
Natural
Gas
Nuclear
Power
OVERVIEW OF ENERGY RESOURCES IN INDIA

33. THE NON-RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY:
THERMAL POWER

34.  Thermal power plants convert energy rich fuel into
electricity and heat. Possible fuels include coal, natural
gas, petroleum products, agricultural waste and domestic
trash / waste.
• Coal and lignite accounted for about 67% of India's
installed capacity.
• India's electricity sector consumes about 80% of the coal
produced in the country. A large part of Indian coal
reserve is similar to Gondwana coal.

36.  Thermal power plants can deploy a wide range of technologies.
Some of the major technologies include:
• Steam cycle facilities (most commonly used for large utilities);
• Gas turbines (commonly used for moderate sized peaking
facilities);
• Cogeneration and combined cycle facility (the combination of
gas turbines or internal combustion engines with heat recovery
systems); and
• Internal combustion engines (commonly used for small remote
sites or stand-by power generation).

37. 0.00
10,000.00
20,000.00
30,000.00
40,000.00
50,000.00
60,000.00
70,000.00
80,000.00
90,000.00
Coal Reserves (in million Metric Tonnes)
Coal Reserves (in million Metric Tonnes)

38. Offshore
49%
Gujrat
13%
Rajasthan
24%
Assam & Nagaland
12%
Andhra Pradesh
1%
Others
1%
Sales
Offshore
Gujrat
Rajasthan
Assam & Nagaland
Andhra Pradesh
Others

39. NUCLEAR POWER
Nuclear power is the fourth-largest source of electricity in India after thermal, hydroelectric and renewable sources of
electricity. As of 2012, India has 20 Nuclear reactors in operation in six nuclear power plants, having an installed capacity of
4780 MW and producing a total of 29,664.75 GWh of electricity while seven other reactors are under construction and are
expected to generate an additional 6,100 MW.
India's first research nuclear reactor and its first nuclear power plant were built with assistance from Canada. The 40 MW
research reactor agreement was signed in 1956, and achieved first criticality in 1960
There are two nuclear corporation in india
1. The Nuclear Power Corporation of India Limited (NPCIL) is a government-owned corporation of India based
in Mumbai. NPCIL was created in September 1987.Nuclear Power and electricity generation and distribution
2. The Bharatiya Nabhikiya Vidyut Nigam Limited(BHAVINI) is a government-owned corporation of
India based in Chennai. Bhavini was established on 2004.Nuclear Power and electricity generation and distribution
• India has a flourishing and largely indigenous nuclear power program and expects to have 14,600 MWe nuclear capacity on
line by 2020. It aims to supply 25% of electricity from nuclear power by 2050.
• Because India is outside the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty due to its weapons program, it was for 34 years largely
excluded from trade in nuclear plant or materials, which has hampered its development of civil nuclear energy until 2009.
• Due to these trade bans and lack of indigenous uranium, India has uniquely been developing a nuclear fuel cycle to exploit
its reserves of thorium.

40. Reactor State Type MWe net, each
Commercial
operation
Safeguards status*
Tarapur 1&2 Maharashtra BWR 150 1969
Item-specific, Oct
2009
Kaiga 1&2 Karnataka PHWR 202 1999-2000
Kaiga 3&4 Karnataka PHWR 202 2007, (due 2012)
Kakrapar 1&2 Gujarat PHWR 202 1993-95
December 2010
under new
agreement
Madras 1&2 (MAPS) Tamil Nadu PHWR 202 1984-86
Narora 1&2 Uttar Pradesh PHWR 202 1991-92
Due in 2014 under
new agreement
Rajasthan 1 Rajasthan PHWR 90 1973
Item-specific, Oct
2009
Rajasthan 2 Rajasthan PHWR 187 1981
Item-specific, Oct
2009
Rajasthan 3&4 Rajasthan PHWR 202 1999-2000
March 2010 under
new agreement
Rajasthan 5&6 Rajasthan PHWR 202 Feb & April 2010
Oct 2009 under new
agreement
Tarapur 3&4 Maharashtra PHWR 490 2006, 05
Due in 2014 under
new agreement
Kudankulam 1 Tamil Nadu PWR 917 (July 2014)
Item-specific, Oct
2009
Total (21) 5302 MWe
INDIA’S OPERATING NUCLEAR POWER REACTORS

41. INDIA’S URANIUM MINES AND MILLS – existing and planned
District Mine Mill Operating from tU per year
Jharkhand Jaduguda Jaduguda
1967 (mine)
1968 (mill)
200 total from mill
Bhatin Jaduguda 1967
Narwapahar Jaduguda 1995
Bagjata Jaduguda 2008
Jharkhand, East
Singhbum dist.
Turamdih Turamdih
2003 (u/g mine)
2008 (mill)
190 total from mill
Banduhurang Turamdih 2007 (open pit)
Mohuldih Turamdih 2012
Andhra Pradesh,
Kadapa/ YSR
district
Tummalapalle Tummalapalle 2012
220 increasing to
330
Andhra Pradesh,
Kadapa/ YSR
district
Kanampalle Kanampalle? 2017
Telengana,
Nalgonda dist.
Lambapur-
Peddagattu
Seripally
/Mallapuram
2016? 130
Karnataka,
Gulbarga dist.
Gogi Diggi/ Saidpur 2014 130
Meghalaya
Kylleng-Pyndeng-
Sohiong-
Mawthabah (KPM),
(Domiasiat),
Wakhyn
Mawthabah 2017 (open pit) 340

42. THE RENEWABLE SOURCE OF ENERGY:
HYDRO POWER

44. • Hydropower is a renewable, non-polluting and environment friendly source of energy.
Oldest energy technique known to mankind for conversion of mechanical energy into
electrical energy. Contributes around 22% of the world electricity supply generated .
• In India, Jamshed ji Tata built the first hydroelectric power dam in the Western Ghats of
Maharashtra in the early 1900s to supply power to Bombay’s Cotton and Textile Mills
• Out of the total power generation installed capacity in India of 2,48,509.64MW (June,
2014), hydro power contributes about 16% i.e. 40661.41 MW. The total hydroelectric
power potential in the country is assessed at about 150,000 MW, equivalent to 84,000 MW
at 60% load factor. The potential of small hydro power projects is estimated at about 15,000
MW.
• As per assessment made by CEA, India is endowed with economically exploitable hydro-
power potential to the tune of 1 48 700 MW of installed capacity. The basin wise assessed
potential is as

45. SOLAR ENERGY
• India is bestowed with solar irradiation ranging from 4 to 7 kWh/square
meter/day across the country, with western and southern regions having higher
solar incidence.
• India is endowed with rich solar energy resource. India receives the highest
global solar radiation on a horizontal surface.
• Government of India launched its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission.
• The first Indian solar thermal power project (2X50MW) is in progress in
Phalodi Rajasthan.
• Land acquisition is a challenge to solar farm projects in India.
• exploring means to deploy solar capacity above their extensive irrigation
canal projects, thereby harvesting solar energy while reducing the loss of
irrigation water by solar evaporation

47. The leading States are
Rajasthan
Gujrat
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Andhra Pradesh &
Odisha
West Bengal
India has the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world.
The largest wind power generating state was TAMIL NADU
accounting for 30% of installed capacity, followed in decreasing order
by Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, and Rajasthan.
The state of Gujarat is estimated to have the maximum gross wind
power potential in India, with a potential of 10.6 GW.
WIND ENERGY

49. GEO-THERMAL ENERGY
• India's geothermal energy installed capacity is experimental. Commercial
use is insignificant.
• India has about 340 hot springs spread over the country. Of this, 62 are
distributed along the northwest Himalaya, in the States of Jammu and
Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh and Uttarakhand
• .
• Andaman and Nicobar arc is the only place in India where volcanic activity
geo-thermal energy is present.
• India plans to set up its first geothermal power plant
• Tattapani in Chhattisgarh
• Puga in Jammu & Kashmir
• Cambay Graben in Gujarat
• Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh
• Surajkund in Jharkhand
• Chhumathang in Jammu & Kashmir

51. TIDAL WAVE ENERGY
• India is surrounded by sea on three sides, its potential to harness tidal
energy is significant.
• The Gulf of Khambhat and the Gulf of Kutch on India's west coast where
the maximum tidal range is 11 m and 8 m with average tidal range of 6.77
m and 5.23 m respectively AND 4m is sufficient.
• Barrage technology could harvest about 8 GW from tidal energy in India,
mostly in Gujarat.
• Potential along the Indian coast is between 5 MW to 15 MW per
meter, suggesting a theoretical maximum potential for electricity
harvesting from India's 7500 kilometer coast line may be about 40
GW

52. Renewal Energy Installed Capacity in India[1][89] (as of 31 March 2016)
Type
Capacity
(in MW)
Grid Connected Power
Wind 26,866.66
Solar 6,762.85
Small Hydel Power Projects 4,273.47
Biomass Power &
Gasification and Bagasse
Cogeneration
4,831.33
Waste to Power 115.08
Total - Grid Connected Power 42,849.38
Off-Grid/Captive Power
Biomass (non-bagasse)
Cogeneration
651.91
SPV Systems (>1 kW) 313.88
Waste to Power 160.16
Biomass Gasifiers 182.39
Water Mills/Micro Hydel 18.71
Aerogenerator/Hybrid Systems 2.69
Total - Off-Grid/Captive Power 1,329.74

54. TRANSMISSION NETWORK -PRESENT
• Transmission network
spread geographically over 3.3million sq
km : Inter-State and Intra-State level
• Transmission line : 2,91,336 ckm
(POWERGRID : 1,08,307 ckm)
 765kV : 11,096 ckm
 400kV : 1,25,957 ckm
 220kV : 1,44,851 ckm
 HVDC Bipole (±500kV) : 9,432 ckms
• Transformation capacity (MVA/MW)
 HVAC :474,091 MVA
(POWERGRID : 170,000MVA, 171
S/s)
− 765kV : 56,500 MVA
− 400kV : 170,397 MVA
− 220kV : 247,194 MVA
 HVDC : 13,500 MW
• FSC – 33nos., TCSC – 6 nos.Source:; www.powergridindia.com

57. Voltage
(kV)
1977 1990 2000 2002 2012 2017-18
Year
220kV
400kV
500kV
HVDC
765kV
800kV
HVDC
1200kV
765kV D/C -
AC
World’s Highest
Voltage level – Test station
Charged in Oct.’12World’s longest
multi-terminal
HVDC to harness renewable
Hydro Power from North-east
PURSUING HIGHER VOLTAGE LEVELS BY PGCIL

58. Distribution and Retail Supply is the most critical link in the electricity market, which interfaces
with the end customers and provides revenue for the entire value chain.
Indian electricity distribution caters to nearly 200 million consumers with a connected load of
about 400 GW that places the country among the largest electricity consumer bases in the world
.
• The consumers are served by around 73 distribution utilities
13 electricity departments,
17 private distribution companies,
 41 corporatized distribution companies
2 State Electricity Boards
• Rural distribution segment in India is characterized by wide dispersal of net work in large
areas with long lines, high cost of supply, low paying capacity of the people, large number of
subsidized customers, un-metered flat rate supply to farmers, non metering due to high cost and
practical difficulties, low load and low rate of load growth. Consumer mix in rural areas is mainly
agriculture and residential.
• Urban distribution is characterized by high consumer density, and higher rate of growth of
load. The consumer mix in urban areas is mostly commercial, residential, and industrial.
Both segments are distinct with different problems and issues.
DISTRIBUTION

59. Commercial
11%
Industrial HT0.05%
Agricultural10%
Industrial LT2%
Domestic77%
Categorywise%ofNo.ofConsumers
CONSUMER MIX IN INDIA

60. 0
5
10
15
20
25
India Russia China Brazil World
23.2
10.6
6.7
16.4
8.5
Distributionlossesin developingcountriesin 2008
DISTRIBUTION SCENARIO- High Distribution losses

61. Less than 20% Between 20-30% Between 30-40% Above 40%
Goa Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Delhi
Tamil Nadu Gujarat Kerala Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal Assam Bihar
Himachal Pradesh Haryana Jharkhand
Maharashtra Rajasthan Madhya Pradesh
Tripura Meghalaya Arunachal Pradesh
Punjab Mizoram Manipur
Uttaranchal Chhattisgarh Nagaland
STATE WISE AT&C LOSSES IN INDIA

62. Per-Capita Electricity consumption (kWh)[50] (in 2014–15 provisional)
State/Union Territory Region
Per-Capita Consumption
(kWh)
Dadra & Nagar Haveli Western 13,769
Daman & Diu Western 6,960
Goa Western 1,803
Gujarat Western 2,105
Chhattisgarh Western 1,719
Maharashtra Western 1,257
Madhya Pradesh Western 813
Western Region
Puducherry Southern 1,655
Tamil Nadu Southern 1,616
Andhra Pradesh[51] Southern 1,040
Telangana Southern 1,356
Karnataka Southern 1,211
Kerala Southern 672
Lakshadweep Southern 657
Southern Region
Punjab Northern 1,858
Haryana Northern 1,909
Delhi Northern 1,561
Himachal Pradesh Northern 1,336
Uttarakhand Northern 1,358
Chandigarh Northern 1,052
Jammu & Kashmir Northern 1,169
Rajasthan Northern 1,123
Uttar Pradesh Northern 502
Northern Region
Odisha Eastern 1,419
Sikkim Eastern 685
Jharkhand Eastern 835
West Bengal Eastern 647
Andaman & Nicobar Islands Eastern 361
Bihar Eastern 203
Eastern Region
Arunachal Pradesh North Eastern 525
Meghalaya North Eastern 704
Mizoram North Eastern 449
Nagaland North Eastern 311
Tripura North Eastern 303

63. Year
Target Actual Sector-wise Actual
% % Central State Private
2009-10 77.2 77.5 85.5 70.9 83.9
2010-11 72.1 75.1 85.1 66.7 80.7
2011-12 68.7 73.3 82.1 68.0 69.5
2012-13 70.0 69.9 79.2 65.6 64.1
2013-14 69.60 65.60 76.10 59.10 62.10
2014-15 65.52 64.46 73.96 59.83 60.58
2015-16 64.35 62.29 72.52 55.41 60.49
2016-17* 62.49 63.40 74.91 57.92 59.56
Plant Load Factor (PLF):
The PLF in the country during 2009-10 to 2015-16 is as under:

64. GSECL
Type Public
Limited (subsidiaryofGUVNL)
Industry Power
Genre Corporate
Predecessor Gujarat Electricity Board (GEB)
Founded Ahmedabad, India (May 1960)
Headquarters Vadodara , India
Number of locations 10 Power stations (2014) as of
2014-10-14
Area served Gujarat [India]
Services Power generation
Owner GUVNL
Parent Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited
Website www.gsecl.in
GUJARAT STATE ELECTRICITY CORPORATION LIMITED

65. Name Type of Fuel Capacity (MW)
Ukai Thermal Power
Station
Coal 1350
Gandhinagar Thermal
Power Station
Coal 870
Wanakbori Thermal
Power Station
Coal 1470
Sikka Thermal Power
Station
Coal 240
Kutch Lignite Thermal
Power Station
Lignite 290
Dhuvaran Gas Based
CCPP
Gas 219
Utran Gas Based Power
Station
Gas 510
Ukai Hydro Power Station Hydro 300
Kadana Hydro Power
Station
Hydro 242
Panam Canal Mini Hydro

66.  Gujarat Urja Vikas Nigam Limited and Subsidiary Companies
Holding
Company
 GUVNL
Generation
Company
 GSECL
Transmission
Company
 GETCO
Distribution
Companies
 DGVCL
 MGVCL
 PGVCL
 UGVCL

67. Power trading inherently means a transaction where the price of power is negotiable and options
exist about whom to trade with and for what quantum. In India, power trading is in an evolving
stage and the volumes of exchange are not huge. All ultimate consumers of electricity are largely
served by their respective State Electricity Boards or their successor entities, Power Departments,
private licenses etc. and their relationship is primarily that of captive customers versus monopoly
suppliers. In India, the generators of electricity like Central Generating Stations
(CGSs).Independent Power Producers (IPPs) and State Electricity Boards (SEBs) have all their
capacities tied up. Each SEB has an allocated share in central sector/ jointly owned projects and
is expected to draw its share without much say about the price. In other words, the suppliers of
electricity have little choice about whom to sell the power and the buyers have no choice about
whom to purchase their power from.

68. India’s Energy uses and emissions are low compared to industrialized
countries…. BUT
We need to search for Sustainable development options for India, quickly due
to factors like
Constraints on energy use, arising from
(a) limited domestic energy resources,
(b) climate constraints, and
(c) land, water and social issues related to energy projects
CONCLUSION