Land Information System -Savitri Kumari

LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM
URBAN INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND
SPATIAL ANALYSIS
Savitri Kumari
Semester-II
Masters of Urban
Planning
Session-2016-17
Assignment-1
School of Planning and Architecture , New Delhi
School of Planning and Architecture , Ne

4/18/2017 LAND INFORMATION SYSTEM 2
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 INTRODUCTION
 HISTORY
 BACKGROUND LIS
 GIS APPLICATION
 CASE STUDIES
 International-Ghana,Uganda
 National-Madhya Pradesh ,Kanpur
 FINDINGS
 CHALLENGES
 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
The Land information system(LIS) is a
Government integrated infrastructure delivery
system to facilitate the user urban and rural
people and to the Government officials for smart
decision making.
 LIS- A geographic information system for
cadastral and land-use mapping, typically used
by local governments.
 Consists of land records and associated attributes
as well as spatial information .
 Land record: includes resource, land use,
environmental impact, and fiscal data.
 Basically deals with legal boundaries of land
tenure.
 Provides base layer capable of integration into
other geographic systems such as GIS.
 Makes easy to retrieve, create, update, store, view,
analyze and publish land information.
Land Information System – Cadastral Layer

COMPONENTS OF LIS
Concept For a Multipurpose LIS
 Two basic components of LIS :
1. Spatial data: Data related to the location or the
position of an object in space or Geographic data or
data in graphical form e.g.map
2. Non spatial data: Data which describes the spatial
data e.g. Field books, plot registers, etc
 Parcel Based LIS:
1.Based on the land parcel
2.Land parcels are considered as key features
 A typical LIS uses cadastre as a
primary document.

WHY LIS?
Single Window for Land
Records Registration
Mirror‖ Principle (Cadastral
Records Mirrorl the Ground
Reality)
Title Insurance
(Guarantee for Title for its
Correctness)
Curtain Principle (Records
of Title for Ownership
Status)
LIS
 Guarantee of land ownership and
security of tenure.
 Support for land and property taxation .
 Develop and monitor land markets.
 Reduce land disputes .
 Facilitate rural land reform.
 Improve urban planning and
infrastructure development .
 Support environmental management.
 Growth of population and fast urbanization in many countries
 Growing demand of land and inadequate land administration services;
 Lack of reliable land information;
 Diversity of land tenure, low number of formalized land property in the
countries;
 Decades on negligence of the land administration sector;
 Attempts to keep or update legacy systems from colonial past and need of
innovation;
LIS BENEFITS

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
WESTERN LIS CONCEPT
 Cadastral systems first developed in Europe to support taxation.
 Used for managing and controlling population density.
 Close linkage between title registration and land ownership .
 Moving towards the development of active land market and use of bank finance
for mortgage to support land market.
INDIAN LIS CONCEPT
PRE-INDEPENDENCE
 The Mughal revenue administration demanded precise measurement of
productive cultivated land.They used llahi Gaz a measure of length which was
divided into 24 equal parts and each was called tussuz. However ,there was a
variation of Gaz in Mughal India.
 During Chola period in Tamilnadu, the smallest unit used was a Viral(finger)
12virals makes a chain, 24virals makes a muzham(cubit).
POST-INDEPENDENCE
 First Five-Year Plan, the emphasis has been on the proper maintenance of land
records.
Similarly in Western India there was a different system of measurement for
assessing the tax.

French system
 Based on deed registration (registration of purchase contracts)
 Registration does not guarantee that the right owner to the property is registered, as it is
not sure that the seller is the owner of the property
 The consequence is that the chain of former owners ought to be researched.
 Ways to handle this is to use notaries (Latin world) or insurances (US)
LIS - AROUND THE WORLD

LIS – AROUND THE WORLD
Torrens system (can also be called Real Property Title system)
 The register reflects accurately and completely facts about a person’s title (e.g. ownership,
leases, mortgages)
 The property is identified by a property map (drawn up by a surveyor) attached to the
Certificate of Title
 The register information is guaranteed by State
 Ownership begins when a person is registered (not when a purchase contract is signed)
German system
 Registration number is identifying the property
 Cadastre information about the property is important (e.g. map, area, buildings, soils, forest),
as this is the base for taxation
 Information about owner and other registered rights is very reliable, but not totally.
English system
 A topographic map system with maps in scale 1:1250 (urban areas) and in scale 1:2500 (rural
areas) where properties boundaries are drawn. The map of the property is done by the parties
and added to the purchase contract (not surveyed and mapped out by a surveyor)
 Boundary marks are not in the register, there are marks on the ground instead (e.g. fences,
hedges, stone walls)
 Title registration of the properties on the topographic map (ownership is called freehold in
common law countries, e.g. UK) for securing of rights. It is a kind of land register
 (Roman law) Cadastre in its continental understanding is without meaning in UK

NLRMP Program - Components of LIS
NLRMP
Computerization of Land
Records (RoR)
Survey and
Settlement Records
Land Records
Management
Centers
(Modern Record
Rooms)
Capacity Building
and Training
Computerization of
Registration
Core GIS
(Integration of
Cadastral Mapping
with HRSI & SOI
Maps)
A Modern, Comprehensive and Transparent Land Records Management System in
the Country with the Aim to Implement the Conclusive Land-Titling System with
Title Guarantee.
National Land Records Modernization Programme(NLRMP)- 2008
NLRMP started by merging two Centrally-Sponsored Schemes of Computerization of Land Records (CLR)
and Strengthening of Revenue Administration and Updating of Land Records (SRA&ULR) in the
Department of Land Resources (DoLR), Ministry of Rural Development.

4/18/2017 BEST PRACTICES -Case Study-Zurich Transport System 12
PHASES OF LAND RECORDS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Computerization
of Land Records
Survey and
Settlement
Records
Land Information
System
Customized application for
Digitization
• Geo Referencing of village
maps
• Digitization of map
• Topology creation
Benefits
• Saves time by minimizing
manual digitization time
• Minimizes manual
interpretation errors
Survey Equipment &
Resources Readiness
• Survey : DGPS equipment
• Cadastral Resurvey: Total
Station (ETS) Equipment
• Survey Experts
• Survey Team
Web GIS Software Portal
with Database and Map
servers
• Authentication and
Authorization
• Document Management
• Business Process Workflow
• Plots : FMB/Tippans/Cadastre
• Reports
• Map Viewer
• Map Generation & printing
• Map Book
• Map Editing
• Auditing and Logging

Web GIS Based Land Information and Management System
 The concept of web based Land Information and management is to create a single
window system for a GIS based multi-purpose cadastre framework which supports
continuous, readily available, comprehensive land related information at the land
parcel level.
 COMPONENTS OF THE LI&MS ARE:
 Reference framework consisting of geodetic network
 Series of current, accurate large scale maps
 Raster data showing the latest scenario: Color Ortho Images ( Digital Aerial
Photographs/ High Resolution Satellite Imagery, Lidar data in special Cases)
 Cadastral overlay delineating all cadastral parcels
 A unique identifying survey number assigned to each parcel used for indexing
of all land records in information system
 Geodatabase of all cadastre integrated with the cadastral maps for information
retrieval and updating on mutation.

APPROACH & PREPAREDNESS
Data
Information
Collection
IntegrationUpdation Solution
Survey/ Re-survey
• Establishment of
Ground Control
Network
• Demarcation of Land
Parcels
• Attribute Data
Collection
• FMB (with Ladder)
Data Development
• Computerization (Scanning &
Image Rectification)
• Cadastral Mapping ( Digitization
of existing n maps)
• Creation of RoR
• Up to date Cadastral Map
creation
• Integration with RoR
Software Development
• Self Service Land Information
Portal
• Core Modules:
• Map Viewer
• Title Management
• Survey Management
• Land Records
Management
• Integration with DMS
• Services (Reporting,
Auditing, Application
Monitoring)
• Payment Gateway
 LIS development affects many aspects of land tenure and land administration and it is
not just a technical or technological exercise;
 LIS is a long term intervention and requires a holistic vision, clear strategy and
systematic approach;
 Long term political, administrative and financial support is prerequisite of the success
in LIS development;
Other components

COMPUTERISATION OF LAND RECORDS – PRESENT SCENARIO
Status Name of States/UTs
Total
Number of
States/UTs
RoR data entry
completed
Chhattisgarh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tamil
Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, West Bengal,
and NCT of Delhi
13
RoR data entry likely to
be completed soon
Assam, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Orissa,
Tripura, and UT of Puducherry
6
RoR data entry started
but not completed
Arunachal Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Kerala,
Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, and UTs of
Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra & Nagar
Haveli, and Daman & Diu
10
Still at preparatory stage
J&K, Punjab, and Meghalaya and UTs of
Chandigarh, and Lakshadweep
5
Stopped manual issues of
RoRs
Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh,
Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh,
Uttarakhand and West Bengal
8
Placed RoR data on
website
Chhattisgarh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa,
Rajasthan, and Uttarakhand
6

4/18/2017 BEST PRACTICES -Case Study-Zurich Transport System 16
ROLE OF GIS IN LAND RECORD
Creating and maintaining an effective land administration system is a multifaceted
process often managed by many disparate agencies and organizations. Although
separate GIS applications have been used to manage individual aspects of land
records in the past, the full potential of GIS can best be realized when applied across
the entire cadastre workflow.

ARCHITECTURE OF LIS BASED SYSTEM

WORK FLOW OF GIS-LIS IN INDIA
Creation of Centralize
repository for the storage
of data / information
across all Development
Authorities
Migration of all existing data /
information to the repository
into desired format to be used
by the GIS application
Integration of MIS and
GIS with data validation
checks and controls
Development of GIS web
applications
Formation of interface for
updating the latest
information from all
departments.

CASE STUDY-INDIA
Madhya Pradesh Land Records System
Objective:
To provide a GIS based solution for querying and printing of land records
information in local language.
Key Benefits:
 An interactive land records information system with local language Interface
provided for display and query of data.
 Functionality for the splitting of khasra (plot).
 Linking of external data with the spatial data which can be queried and displayed
in the map
 User able to take the printouts of the selected khasra (plots) along with the
details in the local language.

Kerala Land Records System
Key Benefits:
 To automate the digitization process
of generation of the maps from the
FMB.
 To generate the maps of the ward by
joining the adjoining blocks and
thereby produce the cadastral map of
the city/town/village.
 To add the holding details (Owner,
Area etc) to the cadastral maps.
 To compare a map generated by FMB
Application, with the base map
provided by the Land Record
Deptt.Cross check the accuracy of the
existing maps.
Objective:
To automate the Land Records maintenance from Field Measurement Books for the
benefit of the public and to bring in e-governance into effect at the grass root levels.

Web based Municipal GIS Solution for Property Tax Calculation
 The project broadly comprised of Property
Survey & GIS database Creation,
Development of a GIS based website,
updation of existing Municipal Property Tax
applications and its integration with web GIS
 A web based Property Information System
for
 Property tax payment
 Birth & Death Registration and
 Grievance Redressal Registration.
KANPUR MUNICIPAL CORPORATION

LIS for Special Economic Zones
Objectives:
GIS Enabled Decision Support System for
Land Acquisition and development..
• Land identification
• Land status
• Calculating approximate land value
• Monitor development status
• Monitoring of land acquisition spatially
• Developmental plans

Urban Map Geo-referencing through Indian Satellite Images
Collection of Maps
Digitization of Geo-
referenced Maps
Scanning of Maps
Geo-referencing of
Scanned Map to
Satellite data
 A Seamless base map through Satellite images
Maps from different agencies vary in content, age,
scale, projection, format etc. which are normalized
to a standard framework
Government Land Information System (GLIS)

Administrative Hierarchy
Urban State
State
District
Ward
Locality
Property (no,name)
Rural
State
District
Taluka
Village
Survey no/Property no
Central Govt
Ministry
Ministry property
Sub office property
PSU
HQ
Sub office property
State Govt
Department
Department
Sub office property
PSU
HQ
Sub office property
Ownership
Utilization
Residential
Industrial
Institutional
Recreation
Public Place
Use Status
Plan/Permissible
Status
Legal Status
Lease
Allotment
Litigation
District court
High court
Supreme court
Restricted zones
Eco sensitive zone
Monument
Infrastructure
Records History
Utilization
Regulation
Records
As per current design, the following attributes conceptualized & included in GLIS
System upgradable and modifiable

LIS
Linkages of Records with Maps for DSS
Every Ministry/Agency has developed land related MIS
 which could be linked to the respective map.
 Approach:
 Separate MIS system for query module for each Ministry, and/or
 Common MIS across Ministries may be developed
MIS is an integral part of GIS System
GIS DSS Platform: Main Page

CASE STUDY-INTERNATIONAL
Many countries started LIS implementation
as a tool to improve land administration
sector information, including:
􀁽 Uganda Land Information System
under the Private Sector Competitiveness
Project (PSCP, WB) – start 2007 - in
progress;
􀁽 Ghana GELIS – under Ghana Land
Administration
Project (LAP1 -2004 and LAP2 - 2011) – in
progress;
􀁽 Tanzania Integrated Land Management
Information System (ILMIS) under RCIP
and PSCP
now – started 2012 – in progress;
Results: Operational LIS implemented in
Uganda as Result LIS Pilot Stage 2010-
2013; Roll-Out stage in progress;
UGANDA LIS MAIN ACHIEVEMENTS
 Practical decentralization of the Land
Administration Services;
 Pilot Stage Ministerial Zonal Offices
concept implemented;
 Up-to 70% of the land titles in the
country converted and secured in LIS;
 Reduction of transaction time,
corruptive practices and increasing of
tenure security;
 Registering Property ranking from
155th ranking in 2011 to 125 in 2014
 Revenue (fees and stamp duties)
collection increased 5 times to about
$12M USD per year;
 National Land Information Center - as
main element of NSDI established;

BACKGROUND

1
ConvertingRegistration
Documents andCadastral
Maps, Data Integration
2
Detailed
System
Design
3
Establishment of National
Land InformationCentre
4
Upgrade
Working
Environment
5
Initial Human
Resource
Training &
Development
6
Estabishment
of LIS in
selected
District Land
Offices
8
Training of DLO
personnel
7
Populate
Local
Database &
Archives
9
Upgrade
System
Tasks to be Repeated
for Each District
Improved Internet and
Communication
Infrastructure available
Appointed People
Allocated Localities
Land Information System Project Structure
Operational
System
(Registration
and Cadastre)
Project
Start
PreliminaryDesignofaLandInformationSystem

CHALLENGES
 Need of comprehensive, coherent and all inclusive approach to system
design;
 Phased implementation of the LIS project, based on the realistic road map;
 Buy-in from different stakeholders and support is required;
 Project organization and tailored Public Information and Awareness
Campaign;
 Need of Base Map and Reference Framework to improve land data reliability
(no LIS without legacy Data will be functional);
 Conceptual design before Bid Documents and Project supervision by
designer as any engineering project;
 Long term (up-to ten years) intervention makes the project vulnerable to lose
the focus and support, unless it underpinned by strong political commitment;
 Delays in infrastructure (office and internet) establishment, need of
resources;
 Securing qualified staff in the office and capacity of personnel to work in
computerized environment;
 Measures to ensure financial sustainability of the system;

CHALLENGES
Inclusive approach - not only hardware purchase and software development;
 Project as combination of components under responsibility of single supplier;
 Project components design including at minimum:
 C1. Detailed Design, Business process Re-engineering, LIS
 Software development and validation;
 C2. Legacy data conversion to digital (titles, land records, cadastral records and
maps) bar-codding;
 C3. Cadastral and Registration, land records and base map data Integration;
 C4. LIS Deployment, Installation and Implementation;
 Training, Capacity Building and Public Information Campaign (including
information of stakeholders and management of expectations)
 Need of detailed and comprehensive technical requirements and specifications
(more than just IS specifications)

CONCLUSIONS
 LIS project are still under development in different countries
 Observed increasing of number of LIS development initiatives;
 Implemented LIS projects demonstrated improvement of the land
administration services;
 Need of strong political and administrative support and further
development;
 LIS Project Implementation supervision;

REFERENCES
 Tuladhar A.M.(2005), Towards Strategic Planning For Building Land Information System (LIS) in
Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
 Department of Land Records. (2008, September). Ministry of Rural Development. Government of
India. The National Land Records Modernization Programme (NLRMP) Guidelines. Technical
Manuals & MIS. [Online]. pp. 8-13. Available: http://dolr.nic.in/land_reforms1.htm

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