Scavenger receptors are a group of receptors that recognize modified low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by oxidation or acetylation.
清道夫受體是一組受體,可以識別經由氧化或乙醯化(Acetylation)而修飾過的低密度脂蛋白(LDL)。
This naming is based on a function of cleaning (scavenging): Scavenger receptors widely recognize and take up macromolecules that have a negative charge, like modified LDL.
這種命名是基於清除(消除)的功能:清道夫受能體廣泛地認出並結合具有負電荷的大分子,如修飾LDL。
Figure 1. The 7 stages of development of an atherosclerotic plaque.
First LDL moves into the subendothelium and is oxidized by macrophage and SMCs (1 and 2).
Release of growth factors and cytokines attracts additional monocytes (3 and 4).
Foam cell accumulation and SMC proliferation result in growth of the plaque (6, 7, and 8).
消膽胺本品在小腸內與膽酸結合,形成不溶性化合物阻止其重吸收,而隨糞便排泄。
消膽胺老年患者用藥的特殊性目前無研究報道。
本品與膽汁酸在小腸中結合後導致膽汁酸在肝內合成的增加,由於膽汁酸的合成是以膽固醇為底物,使得肝內膽固醇減少,從而使肝臟低密度脂蛋白受體活性增加而去除血漿中低密度脂蛋白。
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Cholestyramine and similar polymers adsorb bile acids due to a combination of electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. This prevents the bile acids from being taken up at the end of the small intestine. They are replaced by de novo synthesis from cholesterol, which therefore depletes the pool of cholesterol in the liver.
考來烯胺和類似的聚合物能吸收膽汁酸,經由靜電和疏水力的組合。這可以防止膽汁酸在小腸的末尾被吸收。膽汁酸的源頭是從膽固醇所合成,因此這會耗盡在肝臟的膽固醇。