This topic is all about Glaciation. This includes; the causes of glaciation, the origin of glaciers, formation, primary types, movement, the erosional, transportation and depositional mechanisms. This also includes the common landforms brought by glaciers.
2. YOUNGEST PERSON TO REACH NORTH
POLE
Jaimie Donovan
Born on October 17,
2003
From Galway, Ireland
8-years old Irish
GIRL
3. GLACIERS
are
massive, long
lasting, moving
mass of compacted
snow and ice that
forms on land,
moves down slope
or spreads outward
under its own
weight.
4. ORIGIN OF GLACIERS
Why glaciers are
formed?
Dependent on the
amount of
precipitation
The larger the glacier
the higher the snow
accumulation over
time
5. DID YOU KNOW???
…that the arctic region takes millennia to
accumulate the huge amount of snow and ice
needed to form a glacier…
6. DID YOU KNOW???
….modern glacier
contain snow that
fell over 100,000
years ago.
Kilimanjaro National Park, Kilimanjaro Region,
Tanzania.
8. ...if you chunk a glacial ice melted in your
glass of water, you would have dirt, gravel
and even organic matter or living stuff in
your water
...all the pressurized air bubbles would rush
out that they might explode your glass
9. CAUSES OF GLACIATIONS
What causes glaciations?
Milutin Milankovitch
• Siberian astronomer
and mathematician
• Theory on Climate
Change
• Widely accepted
Theory on Climate
Change
10. CAUSES OF GLACIATIONS
Cyclical
changes on earth’s orbit and tilt
1.
Eccentricity of earth’s orbit
2.
Tilt of the earth’s axis
3.
Wobbling of the earth's axis
11. ECCENTRICITY OF THE EARTH’S ORBIT
nearly circular or
highly elliptical
0.0167 earth’s
eccentricity
Occurs 100,000
years
Less eccentricity promotes
glaciation
12. TILT OF THE EARTH’S AXIS
Tilt is also known
as obliquity
Varies between
22.1ͦ⁰-24.5⁰
Every 41,000 years
Lesser tilt promotes
glaciation
13. WOBBLING OF THE EARTH’S AXIS
Known as
precession
Completed its
rotation for every
23,0000 years
Contributes only a
small fluctuation of
the climate
22. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Snowfield
-the place
where snow
accumulate to
form a cirque
glacier
Alpine Snow Field, near Livigno, Italy
23. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Piedmont
glacier
-Multiple valley
glaciers come
together as one
at a large
stretch of flat
line
24. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Tidewater glacier
-produce when
glacier meets the
sea
Calving- when a
piece of the glacier
breaks off forming a
large massive
floating ice
25. SUBTYPES OF CONTINENTAL GLACIER
Ice sheet
Extends over 50,000
km2
Antarctic and
Greenland have this
frozen monster
??? Antarctic region
is home to 92% of all
glacial ice worldwide
26. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Ice cap
Similar to an ice sheet though smaller
Forming roughly circular, dome-like structure
27. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Ice field
Smaller version of ice cap
Fails to cover the land
28.
29. TWO PRIMARY TYPES OF GLACIER
1. Alpine/valley
glacier
Form in a
mountainous
terrain
Could be long
or short, narrow
or wide
30. TWO PRIMARY TYPES OF GLACIER
2. Continental Glacier
Expansive,
continuous mass of
ice considerably
bigger than an
alpine glacier
32. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Snowfield
-the place
where snow
accumulate to
form a cirque
glacier
Alpine Snow Field, near Livigno, Italy
33. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Piedmont
glacier
-Multiple valley
glaciers come
together as one
at a large
stretch of flat
line
34. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Tidewater glacier
-produce when
glacier meets the
sea
Calving- when a
piece of the glacier
breaks off forming a
large massive
floating ice
35. SUBTYPES OF CONTINENTAL GLACIER
Ice sheet
Extends over 50,000
km2
Antarctic and
Greenland have this
frozen monster
??? Antarctic
region is home to
92% of all glacial
ice worldwide
36. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Ice cap
Similar to an ice sheet though smaller
Forming roughly circular, dome-like
structure
37. SUBTYPES OF ALPINE GLACIER
Ice field
Smaller version of ice cap
Fails to cover the land
38. GLACIAL MOVEMENT
Gravity primary force
Entire ice sheet moves 5 to 50 m/yr
Fastest movement within the center
Friction Slows down the sides
39. GLACIAL MOVEMENT
Mechanisms involves
1.Basal slipping
Entire mass of glacier slides over the
bedrock
Occurs when glaciers rest on the slope
Pressure causes a small amount of water
at the bottom of the glacier to melt
creating a thin layer of water
40. GLACIAL MOVEMENT
Mechanisms involves
2. Plastic Flow
Also known as creeping or internal
deformation
Occurs when glacier becomes so heavy
that it flattens it molecules out in order to
deal with the weight
42. GLACIAL EROSION
Mechanism involved…
1.Plucking
Glacier flows over a fractured bedrock
surface
it loosens and lift blocks of rocks and
incorporate them into ice
2. Abrasion
Happens when ice and its load of rock
fragment slides over bedrock
47. GLACIAL DEPOSITION
Materials will be deposited due to:
Increase in pressure
Rise in temperature
Main depositional features of glacier
1.Terminal moraine
2.Recessional moraine
3.Ground moraine
48. Main depositional features of glacier
1.Terminal moraine
Glaciers is at its greatest advance
2.Recessional moraine
3.Ground moraine
Consist of irregular blanket of till
deposited under a glacier