http://2016.semantics.cc/victor-charpenay

1. Public © Siemens AG 2015 siemens.com
Standardized Semantics for an
Open Web of Things
Victor Charpenay – SEMANTiCS 2016, Leipzig, 14th Sept. 2016

2. 2015-04-17
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Page 2 Victor Charpenay / CT RDA NEC WOS-DE
Outline
• Introduction
• Why the Web of Things depends on semantics
• W3C Web of Things Interest Group
• Self-descriptive Things
• Protocol bindings & scripting API
• Use cases
• An ontology for WoT
• Ontologies for the IoT
• Ontologies for the Web
• The Web of Things as seen by the W3C
• Applications
• Semantic querying and alignment
• Thing Description playground
• Conclusion
See also:
“Introducing Thing Descriptions and Interactions:
An Ontology for the Web of Things” (1)

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The Perfect Storm, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177971/

4. 2015-04-17
Public © Siemens AG 2015
Page 4 Victor Charpenay / CT RDA NEC WOS-DE
The Perfect Storm, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177971/

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Page 5 Victor Charpenay / CT RDA NEC WOS-DE
Satellite image
taken yesterday,
available at http://...
The Perfect Storm, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177971/

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Satellite image
taken yesterday,
available at http://...
Satellite image to be
taken today, for
$100. Click here
The Perfect Storm, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177971/

7. 2015-04-17
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Page 7 Victor Charpenay / CT RDA NEC WOS-DE
Satellite image
taken yesterday,
available at http://...
Satellite image to be
taken today, for
$100. Click here
(Emergency) A Coast Guard
observer plane ca n be sent.
Click here.
The Perfect Storm, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177971/

8. 2015-04-17
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Page 8 Victor Charpenay / CT RDA NEC WOS-DE
Satellite image
taken yesterday,
available at http://...
Satellite image to be
taken today, for
$100. Click here
(Emergency) A Coast Guard
observer plane ca n be sent.
Click here.
(Abuse punished) A high-
altitude US military observer
ca n be sent. Click here.
The Perfect Storm, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177971/

9. 2015-04-17
Public © Siemens AG 2015
Page 9 Victor Charpenay / CT RDA NEC WOS-DE
Satellite image
taken yesterday,
available at http://...
Satellite image to be
taken today, for
$100. Click here
(Emergency) A Coast Guard
observer plane ca n be sent.
Click here.
(Abuse punished) A high-
altitude US military observer
ca n be sent. Click here.
A satellite image commercial
service will launch late 2016.
See http://...
The Perfect Storm, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177971/

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Semantics for the Web of Things
Strata 2013, https://youtu.be/Cob5oltMGMc
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
James Hendler

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Semantics for the Web of Things
Strata 2013, https://youtu.be/Cob5oltMGMc
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
James Hendler

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Semantics for the Web of Things
Strata 2013, https://youtu.be/Cob5oltMGMc
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
James Hendler

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W3C WoT Interest Group
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
W3C WoT Interest Group
MilkbySimonStålenhag

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Things are Self-descriptive
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
ESP8266WiFIModulebyDavidMellis

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Things are Self-descriptive
Host: coap://www.example.com:5683/
GET /.well-known/core
GET /temp
GET /temp/val
OBSERVE /temp/val/high
POST /temp/set
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
ESP8266WiFIModulebyDavidMellis

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Things are Self-descriptive
{
"@context": [ … ],
"@type": “saref:TemperatureSensor",
"name": "myTempSensor",
"uris": [ "coap://www.example.com:5683/temp" ],
"encodings": [ "JSON" ],
"properties": [{
"@type": “saref:Temperature",
"hrefs": [ "val" ]}],
"actions": [{
"@type": “saref:SetAbsoluteLevelCommand",
"inputData": {
"@type": “saref:Temperature",
"valueType": { "type": "number" }},
"hrefs": [ “set" ]}],
"events": [{
"valueType": { "type": "number" },
"hrefs": [ "val/high" ]}]
}
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
W3C WoT Thing Description (JSON-LD)

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Things are Self-descriptive
{
"@context": [ … ],
"@type": “saref:TemperatureSensor",
"name": "myTempSensor",
"uris": [ "coap://www.example.com:5683/temp" ],
"encodings": [ "JSON" ],
"properties": [{
"@type": “saref:Temperature",
"hrefs": [ "val" ]}],
"actions": [{
"@type": “saref:SetAbsoluteLevelCommand",
"inputData": {
"@type": “saref:Temperature",
"valueType": { "type": "number" }},
"hrefs": [ “set" ]}],
"events": [{
"valueType": { "type": "number" },
"hrefs": [ "val/high" ]}]
}
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
W3C WoT Thing Description (JSON-LD)

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Things are Self-descriptive
{
"@context": [ … ],
"@type": “saref:TemperatureSensor",
"name": "myTempSensor",
"uris": [ "coap://www.example.com:5683/temp" ],
"encodings": [ "JSON" ],
"properties": [{
"@type": “saref:Temperature",
"hrefs": [ "val" ]}],
"actions": [{
"@type": “saref:SetAbsoluteLevelCommand",
"inputData": {
"@type": “saref:Temperature",
"valueType": { "type": "number" }},
"hrefs": [ “set" ]}],
"events": [{
"valueType": { "type": "number" },
"hrefs": [ "val/high" ]}]
}
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
W3C WoT Thing Description (JSON-LD)

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Protocol Bindings
Operation HTTP CoAP MQTT BLE
Create POST POST PUBLISH N/A
Retrieve GET GET SUBSCRIBE READ
Update PUT PUT PUBLISH WRITE
Delete DELETE DELETE N/A N/A
Observe GET text/stream,
TE=chunked (SSE)
GET with OBS
option
SUBSCRIBE ?
Notify SSE chunk
Response
Response with OBS
option
PUBLISH NOTIFY
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Interaction model mapping to an Abstract Transfer Layer (proposal)

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Protocol Bindings
Operation HTTP CoAP MQTT BLE
Create POST POST PUBLISH N/A
Retrieve GET GET SUBSCRIBE READ
Update PUT PUT PUBLISH WRITE
Delete DELETE DELETE N/A N/A
Observe GET text/stream,
TE=chunked (SSE)
GET with OBS
option
SUBSCRIBE ?
Notify SSE chunk
Response
Response with OBS
option
PUBLISH NOTIFY
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Interaction model mapping to an Abstract Transfer Layer (proposal)
Property

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Protocol Bindings
Operation HTTP CoAP MQTT BLE
Create POST POST PUBLISH N/A
Retrieve GET GET SUBSCRIBE READ
Update PUT PUT PUBLISH WRITE
Delete DELETE DELETE N/A N/A
Observe GET text/stream,
TE=chunked (SSE)
GET with OBS
option
SUBSCRIBE ?
Notify SSE chunk
Response
Response with OBS
option
PUBLISH NOTIFY
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Interaction model mapping to an Abstract Transfer Layer (proposal)
Property
Action

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Protocol Bindings
Operation HTTP CoAP MQTT BLE
Create POST POST PUBLISH N/A
Retrieve GET GET SUBSCRIBE READ
Update PUT PUT PUBLISH WRITE
Delete DELETE DELETE N/A N/A
Observe GET text/stream,
TE=chunked (SSE)
GET with OBS
option
SUBSCRIBE ?
Notify SSE chunk
Response
Response with OBS
option
PUBLISH NOTIFY
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Interaction model mapping to an Abstract Transfer Layer (proposal)
Property
Action
Event

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Web Scripting API
WoT.discover("repository", {
repository: "http://localhost:8080",
query: "?t a saref:Switch ; saref:isUsedFor ?bo ; hasAction ?a ; isLocatedIn " + room + " . " +
"?bo a saref:Window . " +
"?a a saref:CloseCommand ."
}).then(function(things) {
things.forEach(function(thing) {
var name = thing.actions.find(function(t) {
return t["@type"] === "saref:CloseCommand"
}).name;
thing.invokeAction(name);
});
})
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Example of using WoT scripting API and SAREF vocabulary on a Javascript WoT engine

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Use Cases
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Building
Automation
Mobility
Energy
Management
Cross-domain Application
WoT Model
…
Use Cases and Requirements for the Web of Things

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Use Cases
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Building
Automation
Mobility
Energy
Management
…
Use Cases and Requirements for the Web of Things

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Use Cases
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Use Cases and Requirements for the Web of Things

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Use Cases
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Use Cases and Requirements for the Web of Things

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An Ontology for WoT
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
An Ontology for WoT
HackingTheLoopbySimonStålenhag

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OWL-IoT-S
SA
SWEET
OWL-S
SAREF
oneM2M
Time
WGS84
DUL
WoT
IoT-O
IoT-lite
SSN
QUDT
DogOnt
WSMO-lite
MUO
PowerOnt
UCUM
SAN
IRE
Ontologies for the IoT
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
— extends
— has disjunctions with
— has equivalences with
— specializes
Linked Open Vocabulary (LOV) cloud for the IoT

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Ontologies for the Web
Proxy
Resource
Web
Resource
Semantic
Resource
Entity
proxyFor
formalExactProxyFor
Identifier
(URI)
Abstract Web
Location webLocationOf
hasIdentifier
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion

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Ontologies for the Web
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berlin
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
skylineberlinbyMarco

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Ontologies for the Web
@prefix wikibase: <http://wikiba.se/ontology-
beta#> .
@prefix wdata:
<https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntDt/> .
@prefix wd: <http://www.wikidata.org/entity/> .
@prefix skos:
<http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix schema: <http://schema.org/> .
wd:Q64 a wikibase:Item ;
rdfs:label "Berlin"@en ;
skos:prefLabel "Berlin"@en ;
schema:name "Berlin"@en ;
rdfs:label "Берлин"@ru ;
skos:prefLabel "Берлин"@ru ;
schema:name "Берлин"@ru ;
rdfs:label "Berlin"@fr ;
skos:prefLabel "Berlin"@fr ;
schema:name "Berlin"@fr ;
schema:description
"capital and city-state of Germany"@en,
wdt:P610 wd:Q19259618 ;
wdt:P1151 wd:Q3248436 ;
wdt:P31 wd:Q1221156,
wd:Q262166 ;
wdt:P150 wd:Q163966,
wd:Q158893,
wd:Q163012,
wd:Q158876 ;
wdt:P194 wd:Q640859 ;
wdt:P209 wd:Q2515458 ;
…
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
http://wikidata.org/entity/Q64

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Thing Description and Interactions
Interaction
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Proxy
Resource
Web
Resource
Semantic
Resource
Entity
proxyFor
formalExactProxyFor
URI
(Identifier)
Abstract Web
Location webLocationOf
hasIdentifier
Thing
Description
Property Action Event Thing

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Thing Description and Interactions
Interaction
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Proxy
Resource
Web
Resource
Semantic
Resource
Entity
proxyFor
formalExactProxyFor
URI
(Identifier)
Abstract Web
Location webLocationOf
hasIdentifier
Thing
Description
Property Action Event Thing
http://w3c.github.io/wot/wot.owl

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Thing Description and Interactions
{
"@context": [ … ],
"@type": “Thing",
"name": "myTempSensor",
"uris":
[ "coap://www.example.com:5683/temp" ],
"encodings": [ "JSON" ],
"properties": [{
"name": "myTemp",
"valueType":
{ "type": "number" },
"writable": false,
"hrefs": [ "val" ]}],
"actions": [{
"inputData": {
valueType:
{ "type": "number" }},
"name": "myThermostat",
"hrefs": [ “set" ]}],
"events": [{
"valueType":
{ "type": "number" },
"name": "myWarning",
"hrefs": [ "val/high" ]}]
}
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
coap://www.example.com:5683/temp

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Applications
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
Applications
We’veGotBandwidthbySimonStålenhag

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Semantic Querying and Alignment
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
(DUL) (DUL)
Property Action
Quality Abstract
Entity

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Semantic Querying and Alignment
Quantity Kind
Property
Temperature Pressure
Quantity of
Light
(QUDT)
(SSN)
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
(DUL) (DUL)
Property Action
Quality Abstract
Entity

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Semantic Querying and Alignment
Quantity Kind
Property
Temperature Pressure
Quantity of
Light
(QUDT)
(SSN)
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
(DUL) (DUL)
Property Action
Quality Abstract
Entity

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Semantic Querying and Alignment
Quantity Kind
Property
Temperature Pressure
Quantity of
Light
(QUDT)
(SSN)
Continuous
Functionality
Functionality
Discrete
Functionality
Temperature
Regulation
Tuner
Regulation
Fan Control
Play
Functionality
Toggle
Functionality
(DogOnt)
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
(DUL) (DUL)
Property Action
Quality Abstract
Entity

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Semantic Querying and Alignment
Quantity Kind
Property
Temperature Pressure
Quantity of
Light
(QUDT)
(SSN)
Continuous
Functionality
Functionality
Discrete
Functionality
Temperature
Regulation
Tuner
Regulation
Fan Control
Play
Functionality
Toggle
Functionality
(DogOnt)
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
(DUL) (DUL)
Property Action
Quality Abstract
Entity

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Semantic Validation
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion

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Semantic Validation
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
thingweb/thingweb-playground

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Conclusion
Summary
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion

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Conclusion
Summary
• Semantics are at the core of the activity in the W3C IG
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion

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Conclusion
Summary
• Semantics are at the core of the activity in the W3C IG
• Semantic modelling made accessible through tooling
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion

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Conclusion
Summary
• Semantics are at the core of the activity in the W3C IG
• Semantic modelling made accessible through tooling
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
http://w3c.github.io/wot/wot.owl
https://github.com/thingweb/thingweb-playground/

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Conclusion
Summary
• Semantics are at the core of the activity in the W3C IG
• Semantic modelling made accessible through tooling
• TPAC Lisbon 2016 next week
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
http://w3c.github.io/wot/wot.owl
https://github.com/thingweb/thingweb-playground/

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Conclusion
Summary
• Semantics are at the core of the activity in the W3C IG
• Semantic modelling made accessible through tooling
• TPAC Lisbon 2016 next week
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
http://w3c.github.io/wot/wot.owl
https://github.com/thingweb/thingweb-playground/
https://www.w3.org/2016/09/TPAC/

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Conclusion
Summary
• Semantics are at the core of the activity in the W3C IG
• Semantic modelling made accessible through tooling
• TPAC Lisbon 2016 next week
Introduction
W3C WoT Interest Group
An Ontology for WoT
Applications
Conclusion
http://w3c.github.io/wot/wot.owl
https://github.com/thingweb/thingweb-playground/
https://www.w3.org/2016/09/TPAC/
Thank you!

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References
(1) Introducing Thing Descriptions and Interactions: An Ontology for the Web of Things
(2) Agents and the Semantic Web
(3) http://w3c.github.io/wot/current-practices/wot-practices.html
(4) http://w3c.github.io/wot/proposals/explicit-bindings/abstract-transfer-layer.html
(5) http://w3c.github.io/wot/wot-ucr.html
(6) Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV): a gateway to reusable semantic vocabularies on the Web
(7) The SSN ontology of the W3C semantic sensor network incubator group
(8) http://www.ontologydesignpatterns.org/ont/dul/DUL.owl
(9) Identity of Resources and Entities on the Web
(10) The bourne identity of a web resource
(11) Towards an OWL ontology for identity on the web

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Conclusion
The Perfect Storm, http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0177971/