A summary of First Aid and Sport Injuries

2. DEFINITION OF FIRST AID
First Aid is the initial assistance or treatment
given to a casualty for any injury or sudden
illness before the arrival of an ambulance,
doctor, or other qualified personnel.

3. AIMS OF FIRST AID
• Preserve life
• Prevent the casualty’s condition from
becoming worse
• Promote recovery

4. STEPS OF FIRST AID
• Protect (avoid risk)
• Call
• Aid (help)

5. Unconsciosness
• It is a state of unresponsiveness, when the
casualty unaware of their surroundings and no
purposeful response can be obtein.

6. Unconsciosness
Dangers? Response? NO RESPONSE
Response
Obtein history,
Monitor,
Send for help
Send for help: Call
Open Airway
NO BREATHING Breathing
Recovery position
and monitor
Compressions CPR
30 x Compressions
2 x Rescue Breahts

7. Yes: OK
No
Yes: Rec. Position
No: CPR

8. Recovery Position
PLS

9. CPR (RCP)

10. Sports Injuries
• Sports injuries are not uncommon and can be
either acute (sprains, fractures, tears, etc.) or
chronic (tendinitis, overuse, etc.) Learn how to
recognize and treat the most common sports
injuries so they heal properly. Some can be
treated at home, and some require a trip to
the doctor.

11. Review: Locomotor System

12. Review: Locomotor System

13. Review: Locomotor System

14. Review: Locomotor System

15. Bone Injuries
• Bone Fracture
 Swelling of the affected area
 Inability to carry out functions of the injured area
 Deformity of limb.
 Bruising around the affected area.
• Dislocation: The joint which loses its original place or slips out from its natural
place
 Swelling around the joint area
 Severe pain.
 Difficulty in moving (immobility) the affected

16. Muscular Injuries
• Muscle Strain: Muscle strain or muscle pull or even a muscle tear implies damage
to a muscle or its attaching tendons. You can put undue pressure on muscles
during the course of normal daily activities, with sudden, quick heavy lifting,
during sports, or while performing work tasks.
 Swelling, bruising or redness, or open cuts as a consequence of the injury
 Pain at rest
 Pain when the specific muscle or the joint in relation to that muscle is used
 Weakness of the muscle or tendons (A sprain, in contrast, is an injury to a joint and its ligaments.)
 Inability to use the muscle at all
• Muscle Tears: It occurs from strenuous activity, particularly when the ligaments
and muscles are pulled or strained. This can include everything from landing badly
on an ankle or walking or exercising on uneven surfaces. This type of injury
generally causes sprains in knees or ankles. Strains, or tears to the muscles or
tendons, occur from traumatic injuries, such as a slip or fall.
• Muscle Cramps: It is an involuntarily and forcibly contracted muscle that does not
relax. Several vitamin deficiency states may directly or indirectly lead to muscle
cramps.

17. Ligaments Injuries
• Sprains: Of all sprains, ankle and knee sprains occur most often. Sprained
ligaments swell rapidly and are painful. Generally, the greater the pain, the more
severe the injury is. For most minor sprains, you probably can treat the injury
yourself.

18. Tendon Injuries
• Tendonitis: It is the inflammation of a tendon caused by irritation due to
prolonged or abnormal use. The Achilles tendon is a common site where
tendonitis occurs.
 Most tendonitis can be avoid with proper warm-up exercises, rest, and gradual increase in physical
activity:
 Symptoms of tendonitis:
 Pain or tenderness on the tendon near or around a joint.
 Stiffness and pain on the tendon, which restricts movement.
 Occasionally, mild swelling, numbness, or a tingling sensation at the joint.

19. Traetment

20. First Aid Kit

21. Questions?
I hope that you have enjoyed
with this Unit
and that you are a better rescuer.