8. 2009
• 36 countries have pro-natalist policies
• 67 countries have anti-natalist policies
• 33 countries have maintenance policies
9. Country Type of Policy Years Incentives
U.S.S.R. Pro-natalist 1944 - 1992 Medals / respect
Russia Pro-natalist 2006 •$10,000 for 2nd
&
subsequent children
•monthly support $
Summary Sheet of Pro-natalist and Anti-natalist Policies
Example:
12. Does where a country fits within the DT influence
the type of population policy they implement ?
Birth rates are plotted
pro-natalist
anti-natalist
13. Does where a country fits within the DT influence
the type of population policy they implement ?
(horizontal position is what is important)
pro-natalist
anti-natalist
RNI x 10 is plotted
14. Pro-natalist or Expansive Policies
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1384422/Special-investigation-Inside-migrant-maternity-ward-NHS-struggling-cope.html
15. *Why would a country want a pro-natalist policy ?
• replaces those lost in war and civil unrest
• build up the military
• replace retiring folks in the workforce
• support the increasing number of seniors
• occupy parts of a country that are virtually empty
• help develop the resources of a state
• lead to economic growth
• increase majority/minority percentages
• gain more influence internationally
16. Examples: of Pro-natalist Policies
Past and Present
http://www.imb.org/southern-africa/images/Malagasy_children.jpg
22. People’s Republic of Albania
http://www.albaniancorner.com/store/Medals%20&%20Orders%20&%20Militaria/c22/index.html
Order of Mother Heroine
10 children
1944 - 1992
Medals for bearing,
raising, & educating
children
24. Germany
Cross of Honor of the German Mother
1938 - 1944
http://nobeliefs.com/mementoes.htm
25. Bronze 3rd
Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 4, 5
Silver 2nd
Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 6, 7
Gold 1st
Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 8 or more
Diamond – 14 or more ?
http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-medals/nazi2.htm
26. German Mother’s Cross
14 children ?
17 diamonds
http://snyderstreasures.com/pages/motherscross.htm
27. Hello, I just ran across your site with the rare diamond mothers cross. My
grandmother was awarded this, she had 13 kids, 11 were boys. It was told to me by
my father that it was given to her in his home town of Danzig. I had searched many
times trying to find and information regarding this and all I found was the gold silver
and bronze crosses. I thought maybe my dad was mistaken when he reported that
hers had diamonds in it. I spoke with my dad and got a lot more information on
how my grandmother received that cross. She was the only one in Danzig and was
in the newspaper for it.
My grandmothers name was Anna Noetzel Sirotzki, born Feb. 23 1894. It was given
in Danzig. Now known as Gdansk. If you are a war buff you know about Danzig. The
5 black cars came with the Nazi flags to my dads home, the address was Nr 5
Rammbau Strasse, Danzig. The 2 men presented it were of the Nazi party named,
Gauleiter Forsterar and Senatsprasiden Arthur Greiser. They were the highest in
charge in the City next to Hitler in Danzig and Poland. My dad said it was a huge
presentation and party. The newspapers were there as well.
This is why that cross is so important to my family. And why if I had the money I
would buy it. To me it means the world. My father is so excited to finally have
confirmation of the cross. He is now 81 yrs old and in poor health but his memory is
sharp as a tack. I wish he had it but it is long gone and your is to much for me to
ever afford. It is nice to see that it does desist. I guess I am wondering how you
located this rare item? With this being part of my family hermitage I wish I had 5
grand. Sincerely, Monica W.
http://www.snyderstreasures.com/pages/motherscross.htm
28. Bulgaria 1950 - 1991
Medal for Maternity, 1st class 4 children
Medal for Maternity, 2nd class 3 children
http://www.shopbulgaria.com/communist-period-1948-1989-5007.html
29. Bulgarian Order of Mother Glory (original version)
http://www.shopbulgaria.com/communist-period-1948-1989-5007.html
Class I Class 2 Class 3
4, 5 children ? 6,7 children ? 8/9 children ?
30. Bulgarian Order of Mother Glory (newer version)
http://www.shopbulgaria.com/communist-period-1948-1989-5007.html
Class I Class 2 Class 3
31. Mongolia
Order of Maternal Glory : 1957
First Class Second Class
9 children 5 – 8 children
http://crazymongol.tripod.com/order_of_maternal_glory.htm
33. Russia
2005 - 06 Putin identified the demographic crisis
2011 boost the BR by 30% over the next 4 years & increase life expectancy
($54 billion )
2012 Russia's long-standing demographic crisis, ….. could eventually
turn the huge country into “a geopolitical 'void' whose fate would be
decided by other powers” unless current trends are turned around.
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/apr/21/vladimir-putin-increasing-russian-life-expectancy
34. Russia Recent incentives 2006 - 2012
• 2nd
& subsequent babies - ~ $10,000 (pd. at age 3)
- ~ $60.00 / month
• if more than 3 children - ~ $250 / month
http://somatosphere.net/2011/12/%E2%80%98population-prescriptions%E2%80%99-pronatalism-and-the-fear-of-underpopulation-in-post-soviet-russia.html
•child’s ed.
•improve living conditions /
mortgage
•mother’s retirement
35. • more available daycare
• adjustable work schedules for women
• smart immigration policy – encourage expats to return home (cash, social benefits, jobs)
--encourage talented young foreigners to immigrate
• established a special system of pension for housewives as a separate class
• financial support for single mothers
Russia Recent incentives continued
36. Russia Recent incentives continued
2008 Year of the Family
http://www.farfrommoscow.com/articles/songs-for-russias-day-of-family-fidelity-and-love.html
37. Russia Recent incentives continued
July 8 new national holiday – Day of Family, Love, and Fidelity
http://somatosphere.net/2011/12/%E2%80%98population-prescriptions%E2%80%99-pronatalism-and-the-fear-of-
underpopulation-in-post-soviet-russia.html
A 3rd
child means wealth will
be tripled in the third millennium.
• earlier births
• stable families – reduce divorce rate,
revive family values
• promote patriotism – babies for Russia
• “Give me Life Campaign”
• medals for long married couples with children (~ 25 years)
41. Japan
Labour force
Women (cumulative causation)
Immigration policy (Nation-state)
Robotics
http://www.thedetroitbureau.com/2009/03/japanese-big-three-production-plunging/
http://www.superstock.com/stock-photos-images/4102-24539
42. Their earlier anti-natalist policies worked so well,
Singapore is now promoting births again
Singapore
http://ethanwan.blogspot.com/2009/12/dr-koh-poh-kian-sbcc.html
43. Child Development Credit & Baby Bonus
Singapore
CDC - Jan. 1, 2005 Dec. 31, 2011 - $300 - $400 per child per year in CDA
Baby Bonus
• Started in 2001 and modified since
• $4000 for 1st
& 2nd
child
• $6000 for 3rd
& 4th
child
Born after Aug 17, 2008 matching contributions - parents/government
Dec. 31 year child turns 6 $6000 1st
& 2nd
(total or /yr. ?) $12,000 3rd
& 4th
$18,000 5th
& subsequent
Born before Aug 17, 20 matching contributions for 2nd
– 4th
babies only
44. Singapore
Social Development Unit 1984(started)
2006(changed)
• to improve the social networking between busy working individuals
• organize activities for its members
http://www.myspaceanimations.com/myspace-animations-heart-graphics.html
45. Social Development Unit
“The Chemistry Guide: When Boy
Meets Girl”, '' focusing on the
overworked, the shy, and the
"cosmetically challenged."
The guide reminds hopeful singles that
"Skin-care products are must-have
investments" and "There's no bigger
turnoff than a foul mouth, reeking with
leftovers from lunch!"
“Dare to Date"
2 free publications
http://healthscreeningpackagessingapore.com/
52. 1967 – first anti-natalist policy
1979 – pro-natalist
1988 – anti-natalist
2006 – pro-natalist
Anti-natalist or pro-natalist ?
Iran
W
hy ?
53. • start of Islamic Revolution
• family planning program –
western influence
• promotion of contraception
by health officials banned
• procreation to bolster the
ranks of “soldiers for Islam”
(8 year war with Iraq)
Ayatollah Khomeini
http://www.fnb.to/FNB/Article/Khomeyni/Khomeiny3.jpg
1979
56. 2006
“I am against saying that two children are enough. Our country has a lot of
capacity. It has the capacity for many children to grow in it. It even has the
capacity for 120 million people. Westerners have got problems. Because their
population growth is negative, they are worried and fear that if our population
increases, we will triumph over them.” Iranian President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/38434672/ns/world_news-mideast_n_africa/t/iran-will-pay-new-babies-boost-population/
57. 2006
• encouraged more babies
• reduced working hours for women
• 70,000,000 increase to 120,000,000
• July ~ $980 at birth and ~ $98/yr. until 18
can be used at age 20 – marriage, educ., health, or house
(Politics ? more sign. To poor, his supporters
• Nov. encourage citizens to marry and reproduce earlier
20 males 16/17 girls
increase to 150,000,000
2010
58. Sub-state Level Pro-natalist Policies
• Ulyanovsk Oblast, Russia - Family Contact Day
(Conception Day)
http://www.russianlessons.net/russia/ulyanovs
k/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Newfoundland_and_Labrador,_Canada.svg
• Quebec, Canada
• Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
61. Quebec, Canada
1950s – very high total fertility rate *Why ?
1980s – one of the lowest in Canada Why ?
Quebec government wanted to increase the TFR *Why ?
62. Quebec
1987 – 1992
• $ 500 for each of 1st
2 children
• $3000 for each subsequent child
• child care facilities improved & expanded
• tax free family allowance if 2 or more children
• interest free housing loans (up to $7000)
1992 – 1997
• $ 500 for 1st
child
• $1000 for 2nd
• $6000 for each subsequent child
• other benefits remain the same
1997 program cancelled
63. • couples who have a baby within 5 years of finishing university will
get 1/2 their student loan paid off
2003 election
Parti Quebecois’ platform
involved population
expansion
Bernard Landry
Quebec
66. • $1000 per birth or adopted baby
• improved maternity/paternity program
• improved daycare
Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada
http://www.whiterockdaycare.ca/photogallery_chrismas.htm
69. Why would a country want an anti-natalist policy ?
• cannot afford to provide for them
• overpopulation concerns - limited available resources
local, national, international SCALE
• allow more women in the workforce and boost economy
• repress a group of people
separate policy for certain groups
or
different applications of the policy (see 2nd
last slide)
71. What difference would it make
when you got married ?
http://www.photoshopessentials.com/photo-effects/photo-templates/ http://www.world-of-weddings.com/wedding-dresses/older-bride-wedding-dress.html
72. One Child Policy 1979
- rewards start once 1 child contract is signed
Rewards
• free medical care
• free daycare and schooling
• guaranteed job for child
• bonuses for parents
• extra maternity leave
• better housing
• bigger old age pension
Penalties
• must repay financial benefits
• educational, medical benefits, &
guaranteed jobs are withdrawn
• parents’ wages reduced
73. *How did the government persuade its
citizens to cooperate ?
84. In recent years China has relaxed the
rules, and in some cases have even
started encouraging two children.
(in some districts in certain situations)
Why ?
In many cases, parents are not taking
advantage of this opportunity.
*Why ?
93. India
Wait until the
1st child is 3
before having
your 2nd
www.ecoworld.com/waters/indias-
population.html
India vs. China
94. India s extremists want anti-Muslim
family planning measure
Ummah News ^ | June 14 2002
India's Hindu extremist party, the VHP, has
asked the government to enforce family planning
measures on the Muslim population, saying its
rapid increase is "detrimental" to Hindus in the
country.
98. Annapolis Royal, N.S. Fort McMurray, Alb.
Are there demographic problems here ?
What type of population policies might be appropriate ?
Editor's Notes
1928 – 1972 Sexual Sterilization Act of Alberta Alberta’s Provincial Training School for Mental Defectives
6 – 8 million 1932 - 1933 famine 8 – 10 million Stalin’s repression 14 million military losses in WW2 20 million civilian losses in WW2 Total 50 million +
Huge country and small population (3,000,000)
5000 medals given out in 2011 for 25 years plus seat slopes to centre so couples in conflict will be brought together
In 2003, Family Matters Singapore commissioned Singapore Polytechnic (SP) to create a pair of Romancing Singapore (RS) His and Hers perfumes to be given to their partners at the RS events.
Post office sponsored contest – best love letter Best young family contest Libraries display reading material for parents to be
